Biosecurity Guidelines for Pig Farms: Importance and Practices

 
BIO SECURITY GUIDELINES FOR
PIG FARMS
 
 
DEFINATION OF BIOSECURITY
 
Biosecurity is defined as “ implementation of
measures that reduce the risk of the
introduction and spread of disease agents; it
requires the adoption of a set of attitudes and
behaviours by people to reduce risk in all
activities involving domestic, captive/exotic
and wild animals and their products”
 
BIO-SECURITY AT NATIONAL LEVEL
 
At national level biosecurity mainly concerns on the
development of strategies to prevent the spread of
disease outbreaks, control or eradication of endemic
diseases and trans boundary disease transmission.
The Dept. AH, Dairying & Fisheries, GOI should identify
major economic disease of pig and undertake action
plan to control and eradication of the disease on
priority basis.
The Dept. Should also develop strategies to establish
quarantine/ check post at the porous borders of the
country to prevent illegal migration of pigs from the
neighbouring countries.
 
BIO SECURITY AT FARM/ STATE LEVEL
 
A.
LOCATION OF FARM.
Location of farm is very critical in control of
disease.
Situated in isolated area far away from other
animal farms.
In densely populated pig farm areas, it
becomes very difficult to prevent the entry of
some disease into the farm.
 
B. HERD SIZE
 
Many pathogenic microorganisms need a host to
multiply.
Each infected pig can generate and excrete
millions of virus particles into the environment.
If a new disease enters into a large herd, there
are many susceptible pigs to infect.
In small herd, it may take very short time before
the entire herd is infected. Therefore infection in
small herd may not last long but in large herd
outbreak will last longer because there is no
shortage of susceptible pigs.
 
C. INTRODUCTION OF NEW PIGS.
 
Bringing new pigs is the single most important
method of introducing a new disease in the farm.
For better disease control:
1.
Pigs to be brought from one farm/ source, if
possible.
2.
If this is not possible, then the boars to be brought
from one herd and the gilts from another.
3.
Bringing stocks from many sources end up
with a collection of nearly all the major
disease/ pathogens of pigs.
 
 
D. REPLACEMENT OF STOCKS.
 
Buying of stocks from different sources should be
avoided to the extent possible.
Closed herds (Farms that breed their own
replacements) generally have the fewest
problems.
Stocks to be purchased from a farm with high
health status with sound disease control
program.
The general principle is that the health status of
the farm where the pigs are kept (source farm)
must be superior to the receiving farm.
 
E. QUARANTINE
 
Very useful method to detect disease and prevent
the spread.
Usually quarantine is for 3 weeks. During this
period new pigs to be observed for signs of
disease, and should be treated if found.
     ( preferably done on the farm of origin)
It must be kept in mind that quarantine is not a
perfect method for preventing disease. There are
some chronic disease where recovered pig will
not show any sign of disease but will remain as
carriers.
 
F. PIG BUYERS
 
Customer is also a potent  source of bringing
infections in the farm.
Should not be allowed to enter inside the farm
area.
If at all required they should follow  the bio
security measures like change of shoes and
putting apron etc. In order to prevent the
disease in the farm.
 
G. VISITORS
 
Determine whether it is necessary to allow
visitors in side the farm.
If at all necessary, a minimum gum-boots to
be provided by farm to be wore.
Footbaths, chlorine and alkaline compounnds
are useful to destroy bacteria and virus.
 
 
H. FENCING
All pig farms should be fenced off. A simple chain-
link fence should keep out people and animals
such as dogs.
 
I.
WORKERS.
Should not bring any human food into the
compound.
There should be a dressing room in the office
where the workers can change their clothing
gum boots.
 
 
J. VACCINATION.
 
 
K. FARM DESIGN.
Farm design should be done scientifically
Over crowding and poor ventilation should be
avoided.
Older pigs have high resistance compared to
younger ones. Therefore different age groups
should be kept separately.
 
 
L. MANAGEMENTAL PRACTICES.
Scientific managemental practices should be
adopted.
 
ROUTES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION
AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOSECURITY
 
Direct pig-to-pig contsct
Semen
Airborne disease
Visitors
Vehicles and fomites
Pig feed and drinking water
Pig manure and bedding
Birds, bats, rodents, wild pigs and stray/ domestic
animals and arthropods.
 
TEN STEP GUIDE IN IMPLEMENTING AN
EFFECTIVE BIO SECURITY PALN IN PIG FARM.
 
1.
Replacement stock should be quarantined
and it should be ensured that their health
status is compatible with the existing herd.
2.
Entry to farm should be restricted only to
essential personnel and their entry should be
recorded.
3.
Boots and coveralls should be provided for
staffs and visitors for each shed.
 
 
 
4. Staffs should be dedicated boots and coveralls
upon entering eash different sheds. Clean
footbaths may be appropriate at the entry
point.
5. Vaccination programme should be followed
regularly.
6. Entry of equipments and other materials to
the farm should be minimized and appropriate
precautionary measures such as disinfection,
removal from shipping boxes etc. Should be
strictly followed.
 
 
7. Entry of wild animals (rats, birds, insects)m or
pets ( dogs, cats) on the farm should be
prevented.
8. Semen should be used from a known source,
which routinely tests against major infectious
agents that can be transmitted through semen.
9. It should be ensured that feed and watersources
are free from infectious agents.
10. Biosecurity plan and herd health program,
including vaccination protocals should be
reviewed on a regula basis.
 
 
THANK YOU.
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Biosecurity is crucial in pig farming to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases. Implementation of measures, such as proper farm location, herd size management, and careful introduction of new pigs, is essential. National biosecurity strategies and farm/state-level practices play a vital role in disease control. This article emphasizes the significance of biosecurity in pig farming and provides practical guidelines for maintaining a healthy pig population.


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  1. BIO SECURITY GUIDELINES FOR PIG FARMS

  2. DEFINATION OF BIOSECURITY Biosecurity is defined as implementation of measures that reduce the risk of the introduction and spread of disease agents; it requires the adoption of a set of attitudes and behaviours by people to reduce risk in all activities involving domestic, captive/exotic and wild animals and their products

  3. BIO-SECURITY AT NATIONAL LEVEL At national level biosecurity mainly concerns on the development of strategies to prevent the spread of disease outbreaks, control or eradication of endemic diseases and trans boundary disease transmission. The Dept. AH, Dairying & Fisheries, GOI should identify major economic disease of pig and undertake action plan to control and eradication of the disease on priority basis. The Dept. Should also develop strategies to establish quarantine/ check post at the porous borders of the country to prevent illegal migration of pigs from the neighbouring countries.

  4. BIO SECURITY AT FARM/ STATE LEVEL A. LOCATION OF FARM. Location of farm is very critical in control of disease. Situated in isolated area far away from other animal farms. In densely populated pig farm areas, it becomes very difficult to prevent the entry of some disease into the farm.

  5. B. HERD SIZE Many pathogenic microorganisms need a host to multiply. Each infected pig can generate and excrete millions of virus particles into the environment. If a new disease enters into a large herd, there are many susceptible pigs to infect. In small herd, it may take very short time before the entire herd is infected. Therefore infection in small herd may not last long but in large herd outbreak will last longer because there is no shortage of susceptible pigs.

  6. C. INTRODUCTION OF NEW PIGS. Bringing new pigs is the single most important method of introducing a new disease in the farm. For better disease control: 1. Pigs to be brought from one farm/ source, if possible. 2. If this is not possible, then the boars to be brought from one herd and the gilts from another. 3. Bringing stocks from many sources end up with a collection of nearly all the major disease/ pathogens of pigs.

  7. D. REPLACEMENT OF STOCKS. Buying of stocks from different sources should be avoided to the extent possible. Closed herds (Farms that breed their own replacements) generally have the fewest problems. Stocks to be purchased from a farm with high health status with sound disease control program. The general principle is that the health status of the farm where the pigs are kept (source farm) must be superior to the receiving farm.

  8. E. QUARANTINE Very useful method to detect disease and prevent the spread. Usually quarantine is for 3 weeks. During this period new pigs to be observed for signs of disease, and should be treated if found. ( preferably done on the farm of origin) It must be kept in mind that quarantine is not a perfect method for preventing disease. There are some chronic disease where recovered pig will not show any sign of disease but will remain as carriers.

  9. F. PIG BUYERS Customer is also a potent source of bringing infections in the farm. Should not be allowed to enter inside the farm area. If at all required they should follow the bio security measures like change of shoes and putting apron etc. In order to prevent the disease in the farm.

  10. G. VISITORS Determine whether it is necessary to allow visitors in side the farm. If at all necessary, a minimum gum-boots to be provided by farm to be wore. Footbaths, chlorine and alkaline compounnds are useful to destroy bacteria and virus.

  11. H. FENCING All pig farms should be fenced off. A simple chain- link fence should keep out people and animals such as dogs. I. WORKERS. Should not bring any human food into the compound. There should be a dressing room in the office where the workers can change their clothing gum boots.

  12. J. VACCINATION. K. FARM DESIGN. Farm design should be done scientifically Over crowding and poor ventilation should be avoided. Older pigs have high resistance compared to younger ones. Therefore different age groups should be kept separately.

  13. L. MANAGEMENTAL PRACTICES. Scientific managemental practices should be adopted.

  14. ROUTES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOSECURITY Direct pig-to-pig contsct Semen Airborne disease Visitors Vehicles and fomites Pig feed and drinking water Pig manure and bedding Birds, bats, rodents, wild pigs and stray/ domestic animals and arthropods.

  15. TEN STEP GUIDE IN IMPLEMENTING AN EFFECTIVE BIO SECURITY PALN IN PIG FARM. 1. Replacement stock should be quarantined and it should be ensured that their health status is compatible with the existing herd. 2. Entry to farm should be restricted only to essential personnel and their entry should be recorded. 3. Boots and coveralls should be provided for staffs and visitors for each shed.

  16. 4. Staffs should be dedicated boots and coveralls upon entering eash different sheds. Clean footbaths may be appropriate at the entry point. 5. Vaccination programme should be followed regularly. 6. Entry of equipments and other materials to the farm should be minimized and appropriate precautionary measures such as disinfection, removal from shipping boxes etc. Should be strictly followed.

  17. 7. Entry of wild animals (rats, birds, insects)m or pets ( dogs, cats) on the farm should be prevented. 8. Semen should be used from a known source, which routinely tests against major infectious agents that can be transmitted through semen. 9. It should be ensured that feed and watersources are free from infectious agents. 10. Biosecurity plan and herd health program, including vaccination protocals should be reviewed on a regula basis.

  18. THANK YOU.

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