Understanding Fluid Properties and Characteristics
A fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under shear stress, with gas and liquid classified as fluids. This article discusses key properties of fluids such as density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, viscosity, pressure, surface tension, and stress. Understanding these characteristics is essential for grasping the behavior of fluids in various applications.
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INTRODUCTION DEFINITION: a fluid is a substance which deforms continuously under the application of shear stress. Gas and liquid are classified as fluids while solids are not classified as fluids because it returns some shear stress and there is finite deformation. PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUIDS Density ( ): mass per unit volume
Specific volume: This is the reciprocal of density that is Specific weight ( ): weight per unit volume Specific gravity: Ratio of density fluid to that of water
Viscosity: ability to resist flow. Types of viscosity Absolute viscosity ( ) Kinematic viscosity ( ) Mathematically we have Where is the shear stress (force per unit area)
Pressure: force per unit area (kPa) Surface tension: Force per unit length on surface of liquid (N/m) Stress: For a liquid in motion, there are 2 types of stress Normal stress ( ) Shear stress ( )
