Understanding Sound Waves and How They Travel
Explore the fascinating world of sound waves and their behavior as they travel through various mediums. Learn about the generation of longitudinal waves, the importance of a medium for sound propagation, and the factors influencing the speed of sound such as elasticity, density, and temperature. Discover the physical properties of different media that affect the transmission of sound, from solids to gases. Gain insight into how vibrations in the air translate into the auditory experience we perceive as sound.
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Presentation Transcript
Sound Waves MY SO Waves Notes Part 2
Sound Vibrations that travel through the air or other media When these vibrations reach the air near your ears you hear the sound.
How Sound Travels Sound waves carry energy through a medium (solid, liquid,or gas) without the particles of the medium traveling along. Sound travels as a longitudinal wave.
How Sounds are Made Longitudinal waves are generated when a source of energy forces the matter in a medium to vibrate. This back and forth motion pushes air particles together, generating a compression, or moves the particles apart, generating a rarefaction.
Medium Sound waves must have a medium to travel through. Gas - Air is the most common Liquid Sp;od In outer space there are no molecules to compress or rarefy, so sound does not travel through outer space.
Speed of Sound Depends on the physical properties of the medium it travels through Elasticity Density Temperature At room temperature, sound travel through air at about 342 m/s
Physical Properties of Media Elasticity - The ability of a material to bounce back after being disturbed Solid materials are usually more elastic than liquids or gases. Particles of a solid do not move very far, so they bounce back and forth quickly as the vibration travels through the object, which allows waves to move faster.
Physical Properties of Media Density - how much matter there is in a given amount of space. The speed of sound depends on how close together the particles of the substance are in the medium.
Physical Properties of medium Temperature - Degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object. In a given media (solid, liquid, or gas), sound travels more slowly at lower temperatures.
Properties of Sound Waves Intensity Loudness Frequency Pitch
Properties of Sound Waves Intensity - The amount of energy the wave carries per second through a unit of area. Amplitude increases with increased energy. Measured in watts per square meter (W/m2)
Properties of Sound Waves Loudness - describes what you actually hear. Though not the same as loudness, the greater the intensity of the wave, the louder it is. Measured in decibels (dB) Maximum safe level is 85 dB
Properties of Sound Waves Frequency - the number of vibrations that occur per second Wavelength changes with frequency. Measured in Hertz (Hz) 50Hz = 50 vibrations per second.
Properties of Sound Waves Pitch - a description of how high or how the sound seems to a person High frequency = high pitch Low frequency = low pitch
Doppler Effect The apparent change in frequency as a wave source moves in relation to the listener. Sounds moves toward a person Waves are at a higher frequency, so pitch appears to increase. (high) Sounds moving away from a person - Waves are at a lower frequency, so pitch appears to decrease (low)
