Integrating Climate Change Adaptation in Disaster Risk Reduction Module 1
Welcome to the e-Learning module on integrating climate change adaptation in disaster risk reduction. This module covers concepts in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. It is part of a package that includes five modules focusing on vulnerability, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and guiding principles. The content is designed for disaster risk reduction practitioners and was developed by Raks Thai Foundation and CARE in collaboration with experts in the field. The modules reflect CARE's current approach to integrating adaptation in DRR initiatives and will be refined based on feedback and experience. Take your time to go through the module, which is estimated to take about 1 hour to complete. Explore the topics in sequence or navigate using the interactive map provided.
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Integrating climate change adaptation in disaster risk reduction Module 1 Concepts in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
Welcome to e-Learning on integrating climate change adaptation in disaster risk reduction! This module is part of an e-Learning package on integrating climate change adaptation in disaster risk reduction. The package includes five modules: 1. Concepts in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation 2. Understanding vulnerability 3. Introduction to disaster risk reduction 4. Introduction to climate change adaptation 5. Guiding principles for integrating adaptation in disaster risk reduction We recommend that you work through the modules in the specified order. To access the other e-Learning modules, please visit the: e-Learning Center - Integrating climate change adaptation in disaster risk reduction NOTE: You will need a user name and password to access the e-Learning Center. If you do not have an account, please contact: MinervaSupport@care.ca
Who are the e-Learning modules for? How were they developed? The e-Learning modules are designed for disaster risk reduction (DRR) practitioners. This includes practitioners within CARE, as well as our civil society and government partner organizations. They were developed by Raks Thai Foundation and CARE, with significant inputs from CARE experts on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, and most importantly from practitioners engaged in DRR initiatives in Country Offices across the Asia Pacific Region, as well as in Raks Thai Foundation. Practitioner perspectives were gathered through two workshops. An initial workshop was conducted to develop the overall framework and brainstorm on key content. In the second workshop, the draft modules were tested and feedback was gathered. The current version reflects inputs from both workshops. The modules reflect CARE s current thinking on integrating adaptation in DRR initiatives. They should be considered as working versions. Our approach will be tested and refined as we develop more experience in this area. Please send any feedback on these modules to Bruce Ravesloot: ravesloot@careclimatechange.org
Introduction You can move through the module at your own pace. Climate change Disaster risk We estimate that this module will take you approximately 1 hour to complete. Disaster risk reduction However, everyone learns at a different speed, so you should feel comfortable moving at your own pace. Adaptation to climate change The map on the right helps you to track your progress through the module. Where you are will be highlighted in orange. Vulnerability We recommend that you go through the module in sequence, however you will have the option of jumping forwards or backwards by clicking on the map. Capacity Resilience Knowledge Review At any point, you can go back to the previous slide by clicking the back arrow. Use the forward arrow to move through the module.
Throughout the module, youll find links to key definitions and documents. This e-Learning module is designed to be as clear and user-friendly as possible. So, as we introduce different concepts, we ll use simple language and examples to promote understanding. However, we will also provide links to official definitions for those who prefer this approach, as well as to documents that provide a more comprehensive overview. Any time you see underlined text in the module, you can click to access the official definition. Links to documents will be indicated by an orange box: Name of Document Clicking on the document boxes will take you to an external website, so you ll need to be online to access these documents. Are you ready? Then let s get started!
e-Learning Module 1: Concepts in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
Introduction Introduction Learning Objective for Module 1 Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk The learning objective for this module is to build understanding of concepts important to both DRR and climate change adaptation. Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Understanding these concepts is a key foundation for the modules that follow. Vulnerability Vulnerability The main concepts covered in this module are shown in the map. Capacity Capacity Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction What is climate change? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk Climate change is the term we use to describe a long-term change in the climate, occurring due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction It s important to understand the distinction between the weather and the climate: Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability Weather is the conditions you experience (rain, humidity, temperature). Weather can change on a timeline of minutes, hours, days or seasons. Vulnerability Capacity Capacity Climate is the average weather over the longer term. Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review When we talk about climate change, we are talking about changes in the average weather over a timeline of decades or more.
Introduction Introduction Why is climate change happening? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk There is broad scientific consensus that the climate change we are experiencing now is the result of human activities, not natural climate variability. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction The changes are caused by an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and methane. They occur naturally in the atmosphere and they are important to maintaining the earth s temperature. Vulnerability Capacity Capacity However, in recent decades, with increasing industrialization, human activities are releasing large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which is causing an overall increase in the earth s average temperature. Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction Here is a visual representation of the enhanced greenhouse effect, which is causing climate change. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity Capacity Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review Images from: environment.act.gov.au
Introduction Introduction So the earth is getting warmer. Why is this such a bad thing? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk While the overall changes in the earth s average temperature may seem small, there are two major concerns. The first is the rate of change the global average temperature is rising faster than at any other time in the history of human civilization. This means it is very difficult to predict how the global climate system will react. A lot of scientists are working very hard to come up with models for future climate scenarios, but we are facing an unprecedented situation. The second major concern is that a small change in average global temperature has major consequences, including rising sea levels, changing temperature and rainfall patterns and an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The bottom line is that climate change is happening and it's happening now. It's not a distant phenomenon that will happen in some unknown future. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity Capacity Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review Climate in Peril: A popular guide to the latest IPCC reports Climate in Peril: A popular guide to the latest IPCC reports
Introduction Introduction What does this mean for our work in disaster risk reduction? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk The impacts of climate change mean that climate-related hazard events such as droughts, floods and cyclones are likely to become more frequent and more severe. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction This has direct and significant implications for many dimensions of sustainable development, including food security, access to water and health. As a result of these challenges, there is potential for increased poverty, conflict and migration. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity Capacity All of this leads to a situation where people, particularly poor and marginalized groups, will be increasingly vulnerable to shocks and stresses. Resilience Resilience This means that climate change increases both the probability of hazard events and people s vulnerability. Knowledge Review Knowledge Review Climate change makes disaster risk reduction even more important.
Introduction Introduction What do we mean by disaster risk? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk refers to the potential for losses due to disasters over a specific period of time. These losses may include: Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Injury, illness or loss of life Destruction of property or assets Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Interruption in services Vulnerability Harm to or loss of livelihoods Vulnerability Damage to ecosystems Capacity Capacity Psycho-social impacts The more likely a hazard event is to happen, the higher the disaster risk. Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review Similarly, the more negative consequences a hazard event has, the more risk it poses.
Introduction Introduction What kind of hazards are we concerned with? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Hazards may occur due to natural causes or they may be the result of human activities. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction While recognizing the importance of conflict and other human- induced hazards, we will focus here on natural hazards. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change There are five types of natural hazards: Vulnerability Geophysical, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions Vulnerability Meteorological, such as tropical cyclones and other storms Capacity Capacity Hydrological, including different types of flooding Climatological, such as drought and extreme temperatures Resilience Resilience Biological, such as epidemics or pest infestations Knowledge Review Knowledge Review With the exception of geophysical, all of these types of hazards are either directly or indirectly affected by climate change.
Introduction Introduction Let s consider disaster risk reduction, which is the core of this learning process. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is an approach to reduce disaster risks caused by hazard events. It refers to the practical actions that society, communities or other stakeholders take to reduce the risk of disasters. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change DRR aims to reduce exposure to hazard events, to reduce vulnerability, and to improve preparedness. Vulnerability Vulnerability DRR actions may include: Reducing exposure to hazards Capacity Capacity Reducing vulnerability of people and property Resilience Improving land and environmental management Resilience Improving preparedness for hazard events Knowledge Review Knowledge Review We will learn more about DRR in Module 3.
Introduction So disaster risk REDUCTION is an approach to reducing disaster risks. Where does disaster risk MANAGEMENT fit in? Introduction Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk Disaster risk management (DRM) is a strategic approach to managing all types of disaster risks. Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction DRM looks at disasters from the perspective of organizations governments, NGOs or communities and provides a framework and strategy for managing the risk of disasters. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability A disaster risk management policy, plan or strategy describes HOW a particular organization will deal with disasters - before, during and after a disaster occurs. Vulnerability Capacity Capacity In the CARE context, Emergency Preparedness Plans are one approach to DRM. We also work with local and national governments and other stakeholders to support the development of DRM plans. Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction Let s look at an example to make this relationship clearer. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk A local government authority has a disaster risk management plan. This plan outlines how the authority will deal with disasters, including how it will prepare for and respond to hazards. It also describes how the authority will work with others, including higher levels of government, NGOs and community-based organizations. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability Vulnerability As part of the preparedness component of the plan, the authority identifies disaster risk reduction actions that may be implemented by the authority, by local NGOs or by the communities governed by the authority. Capacity Capacity Resilience Resilience We ll look at DRR in more detail in Module 3. Knowledge Review Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction Now that we ve got a good grasp of DRR concepts, let s consider adaptation to climate change. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Adaptation to climate change is a process of reducing vulnerability to the current and future impacts of climate change. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction The negative impacts of climate change exhibit themselves as hazards. However, in some cases, climate change impacts may also present opportunities, and so adaptation can also involve taking advantage of these opportunities. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability Vulnerability Unfortunately, in vulnerable communities in developing countries, the impacts of climate change are largely negative. Capacity Capacity This means that adaptation is often about managing the impacts of hazards. Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review We ll discuss climate change adaptation in more detail in Module 4.
Introduction Introduction If both adaptation and DRR are about managing hazards, are they the same thing? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk There are a lot of synergies between DRR and adaptation, but they have different entry points. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction DRR addresses all types of hazards, and focuses on reducing the risk of disaster caused by hazard events. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Adaptation is focused on climate-related hazards. This includes events such as droughts, floods and cyclones. It also includes changing conditions, such as changes in temperature over time or shifts in the timing of the rainy season. Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity Capacity We ll explore the synergies and differences between adaptation and DRR in more detail in Module 5. Resilience Resilience REFLECTION Knowledge Review Knowledge Review What kinds of hazards affect the communities you work with? Are they climate-related?
Introduction Introduction Let s look at the very important concept of vulnerability. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Vulnerability can be defined simply as the propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction DRR is focused on reducing vulnerability to disasters. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change The degree of vulnerability determines the extent of negative effects a hazard event has on a community, an asset or an ecosystem. Vulnerability Vulnerability From a DRR perspective, vulnerability is considered in terms of the human, social, financial, natural and political factors that may increase the potential negative effects caused by hazard events. Capacity Capacity Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction Adaptation also focuses on reducing vulnerability, but in this approach the concern is vulnerability to climate change. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Adaptation focuses on reducing vulnerability to climate change. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction From this perspective, vulnerability is determined by: Adaptation to climate change The degree of exposure to climate change impacts Adaptation to climate change Sensitivity to those impacts Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity to take advantage of any opportunities presented, and to manage the negative impacts this is called adaptive capacity Capacity Capacity Resilience Resilience We ll explore the concept of vulnerability in more depth in Module 2. Knowledge Review Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction One way to reduce vulnerability is by increasing capacity. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Capacity refers to the combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, organization or society that can be used to achieve agreed goals. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Like vulnerability, capacity has a range of different dimensions, including human, social, financial, natural and political elements. Vulnerability Vulnerability A significant element of climate change adaptation is focused on increasing adaptive capacity, which can be understood simply as the ability to adjust to climate change. Adaptive capacity also has human, social, financial, natural and political dimensions. The higher people s adaptive capacity, the more able they are to manage the negative impacts of climate change. This implies an ability to manage uncertainty. Capacity Capacity Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review More capacity means less vulnerability.
Introduction Introduction Resilience is another important concept in both DRR and adaptation. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk In the context of climate change and disasters, resilience refers to the ability of a household, community or society to cope with the effects of a hazard. Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change If a household is resilient, it means it can recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient way. This could mean a recovery in terms of health, quality of life or finances, for example. Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity Capacity The concept of resilience implies that the household can return to the state it was in before the hazard event occurred. However, the concept is increasingly understood to have a greater scope, to promote the idea of bouncing back better . Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction We have already discussed adaptive capacity. Is this the same thing as resilience? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Resilience and adaptive capacity are similar concepts, and they are sometimes used interchangeably. Disaster risk Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Resilience is about coping with the effects of hazards. It is about bouncing back, ideally in a way that enhances the ability to manage future hazards. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Adaptive capacity is about adapting managing the effects of the hazard. Adaptation implies not just bouncing back, but managing uncertain and dynamic hazards in a way that allows improvement in well-being over time. Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity Capacity We can think of this as a kind of continuum. Resilience Resilience Vulnerability Adaptive capacity Knowledge Review Knowledge Review Resilience
Introduction Introduction Let s review the key learning points for this module. Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk Climate change makes disaster risk reduction even more important. Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction With the exception of geophysical hazards, climate change affects all types of natural hazards. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Vulnerability to climate change and disasters: Vulnerability Vulnerability Depends on exposure to hazards. Capacity Is determined by human, social, physical, natural, political and financial factors. Capacity Resilience Resilience Varies within communities and even within households. Knowledge Review Knowledge Review More capacity means less vulnerability.
Introduction Introduction Ready to review your knowledge? Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk In this module, we ve explored a number of important concepts and the relationships between them. Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction Next, you ll have a chance to review your knowledge before moving on to the next module. Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change Ready? Vulnerability Vulnerability If you feel you re ready for the knowledge review, click on the forward arrow. Capacity Capacity Not quite there yet? Resilience If you d like to go through any of the concepts again before moving on to the knowledge review, click on the appropriate box in the map. Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction Knowledge Review Question 1 Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk Are adaptation and disaster risk reduction the same thing? Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk reduction YES, they are the same thing NO, they are similar, but there are important differences I m still not clear on how they fit together Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change NO, YES, they are the same thing they are similar, but there are important differences I m still not clear on how they fit together Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity Capacity Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Click on the appropriate box to indicate your answer. Knowledge Review
Introduction Introduction Knowledge Review Question 2 Climate change Climate change Disaster risk Disaster risk TRUE OR FALSE? Disaster risk reduction Exposure to hazards is the main determinant of vulnerability to climate change and disasters. Disaster risk reduction Adaptation to climate change Adaptation to climate change TRUE FALSE Vulnerability Vulnerability Capacity TRUE FALSE Capacity Resilience Resilience Knowledge Review Knowledge Review Click on the appropriate box to indicate your answer.
Congratulations! Youve completed Module 1. We hope that you have found this to be a useful learning experience. To access the other e-Learning modules, please visit the: e-Learning Center - Integrating climate change adaptation in disaster risk reduction NOTE: You will need a user name and password to access the e-Learning Center. If you do not have an account, please contact: MinervaSupport@care.ca Thank you for your participation! You can exit the module by pressing the Esc key.
