Expansion and Innovation: Mining, Ranching, and Settlement in the American West (1865-1900)
Explore the evolution of the mining industry, the impact of new technologies on open-range ranching, and the significance of heavy investments in the cattle industry on the United States economy during the late 19th century. Delve into the richness of silver, gold, and copper deposits, the challenges faced by towns and cities in the West due to mining growth, the role of barbed wire in transforming the cattle industry, and the complexities of settling the Great Plains amidst obstacles and changing property rights. Discover the ingenuity of dry farming techniques, the Homestead Act, and the Oklahoma Land Rush that marked a dynamic period of expansion and innovation in the American West.
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Presentation Transcript
Miners and Ranchers Farming Native Americans
Trace the growth of the mining industry in the West. Describe the ways that new technology changed the open-range ranching. Analyze how heavy investment in the cattle industry affected economy of the United States.
rich deposits of silver, gold, and copper prospectors 1. placer mining 2. quartz mining Comstock Lode 1. Henry Comstock 2. Silver ore 3. Virginia City, NV boom towns 1. crime 2. vigilance committees Bonanza 1. Pike s Peak or Bust 2. Denver
Texas longhorn 1. adaptation 2. open range 3. cowhands 4. beef prices Long drive 1. mavericks 2. dime novels Range wars 1. barbed wire 2. ranch hand
How did the mining industry affect towns and cities in the West? How did the invention and use of barbed wire affect the cattle industry?
Explain why and how people began settling the Plains. Identify the geographic features created obstacles to the settlement of the Great Plains. Analyze the relationship between private property rights and settlement of the Great Plains. Evaluate why some people feel that the closing of the frontier was the end of an era.
rainfall and timber Great American Desert Settlement railroad rain follows the plow Homestead Act (1862) obstacles 1. 2. 3. 4.
inventions and farming techniques dry farming seed drills & threshing machines sodbusters Wheat Belt bonanza farms 1. 2. 3.
Oklahoma Land Rush Oklahoma Boomers Oklahoma Sooners Census Bureau Report 1890 safety-valve of social discontent ability to make a fresh start 1. 2. 1. 2.
What is the geography of the Great Plains? How did the railroads and the federal government help settle the Great Plains? Why did much of the Great Plains region become the Wheat Belt? Why was the Census Bureau s report of 1890 disturbing to some people?
Discuss conflicts that arose between the Plains Indians and American settlers. Explain the proposal the Indian Peace Commission offer the Plains Indians. Analyze the effect Helen Hunt Jackson s book had on the United States government.
nomadic extended family networks and close relationship to nature roles and tasks
first major clash on the Plains began in 1862 Dakota Sioux 1. small reservations 2. annuities 3. Little Crow 4. exiles Lakota Sioux 1. patrols 2. Fetterman s Massacre 3. Sand Creek Massacre Indian Peace Commission
buffalo Black Hills Gold Rush of 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn 1. George A. Custer 2. Custer s Last Stand Nez Perce Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890) 1. Ghost Dance 2. Sitting Bull Dawes Act 1. assimilation 2. Dawes Act
What was the culture of the Great Plains Indians? What events led to the formation of the Indian Peace Commission? Why did many Native Americans leave their reservations? Why was the idea of assimilation of the Native Americans a failure?
