Asexual Reproduction and Passing of Traits

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Asexual reproduction involves cell division to create genetically identical offspring. This process includes binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and vegetative growth. Offspring produced through asexual reproduction inherit traits directly from the parent organism. Understanding asexual reproduction is essential for comparing and contrasting it with sexual reproduction, particularly in terms of trait inheritance.

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Reproduction What s the difference in these two forms of reproduction?

Essential Question: How does asexual and sexual reproduction compare in the passing of traits to offspring? Standard: S7L3b. Compare and contrast that organisms reproduce asexually and sexually (bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals)

Reproduction Previously, you learned that cells make more cells through the process of Mitosis You learned that sex cells are created in a process called Meiosis You learned that adults produce offspring with the help of which system Reproductive System

For this unit, we will look at reproduction with a more specific focus on the passing of traits.

Asexual Reproduction Most unicellular organisms, and a few multicellular organisms use cell division (mitosis) to reproduce in a process called asexual reproduction. A parent organism(one parent only) produces one or more new organisms that are identical to the parent and live independently of the parent

Asexual Reproduction The organism that produces the new organism or organism is the parent Each new organism is an offspring The offspring produced by asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent.

Asexual Reproduction 1.Binary Fission is when parent cell splits into two identical cells, occurs in cells that do not contain a nucleus (Prokaryotes)

Asexual Reproduction 2.Budding grows another organism that falls off when mature, occurs in hydra (fresh water animal)

Asexual Reproduction 3.Fragmentation creates a new organisms from a part of an organism, occurs in starfish

Asexual Reproduction 4. Vegetative grows an identical plant from another, occurs in potatoes and African Violets

Sexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction Reproduction when two parent cells (male and female reproductive cells) combine to form offspring with genetic material from both cells.

A Eukaryotic cell has a Nucleus that contains genetic material. A Chromosome is the structure that holds the genetic material (DNA). specific traits. A Gene is a section of DNA that provides instructions for Heredity is the passing of Genes from parents to offspring. material that provides instructions for all the body s functions. DNA is the genetic

Sexual Reproduction Each species of living things has a characteristic number of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs, for a total of 46 chromosomes.

Sexual Reproduction Recall from our previous unit the cell process called Meiosis. What was the purpose of Meiosis? Make Sex Cells What was our general description of Meiosis? One Cell Makes Four Cells

Sexual Reproduction The process of Meiosis creates sex cells (sperm and egg in humans) that contain half the genetic material (half the 46 chromosomes) 46 Chromosomes During sexual reproduction, sex cells are combined to form unique offspring. 23 Chromosomes

Sexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction in plants: Pollination: it is the transfer of pollen from one flower to the other. it is the first step in sexual reproduction in plants. Male part in plants: is called stamen Female part in plants: is called pistil During pollination the pollen from stamen reaches the pistil and fertilization takes place in ovary[ part of pistil. Insects and wind help in pollination.