Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution: Living Conditions, Urbanization, and New Social Classes

 
The Industrial Revolution
 
Social Impact of the Industrial
Revolution
 
Living Conditions
 
Industrial brought great riches to
most entrepreneurs
For the workers the industrial age
brought poverty and harsh living
conditions
Eventually reforms would be
enacted in Europe and America to
curb many of the worse abuses
 
Living Conditions
 
As standards of living increased, people at all
levels benefited from industrialization
Until that time, workers faced dangerous working
conditions, unsafe housing, and unrelenting
poverty
 
Living in Industrial Cities
 
Industrial Revolution brought rapid
urbanization
 (the movement of people to
cities)
Changes in farming, soaring population,
and demand for workers led people to
move from farms to cities
Cities grew up around mines and factories
Visitors to cities described “cloud of coal
vapor,” the noise of steam engines, and the
stench of the rivers
 
New Social Classes
 
Industrial Revolution created a new middle class along
with the working class
Middle class owned and operated the new factories,
mines, etc. and their standard of living was much more
comfortable than the working class
Working class faced tough working conditions,
however they began to develop a sense of community
 
The Industrial Middle Class
 
Those who benefited most from the
Industrial Revolution were the
entrepreneurs who set it in motion
The Industrial Revolution created the
bourgeoisie who came from varied
backgrounds
Merchants
Skilled artisans
“Rags to riches” individuals
 
The Industrial Middle Class
 
Middle class families lived in well-furnished,
spacious homes with a ready supply of water,
wore fancy clothing and ate well
Took pride in their hard work and determination
to “get ahead”
Women of the middle class focused on raising
their children rather than working
 
The Industrial Working Class
 
Working class struggled to survive in
foul-smelling slums
Most working class lived in 
tenements
(multistory buildings divided into
apartments)
Had no running water, sewage, or
sanitation systems
Led to spread of diseases such as
cholera
 
Workers Stage Protests
 
Originally 
labor unions 
(workers’
organizations) were illegal, but still
met in secret
Wished to enact worker reforms such
as increased pay despite having no
political power
First labor riots occurred in England
between 1811 to 1813
 
Workers Stage Protests
 
Groups of textile workers called the Luddites
resisted the labor-saving machines that were
taking their jobs
Wearing masks and operating at night, they
smashed textile machines and burned factories
Luddites had widespread support among working
class
 
Comfort in Religion
 
Many working-class people found
comfort in religion, especially in
Methodism
John Wesley founded the
Methodist movement in the mid-
1700s and encouraged his
followers to improve themselves
by adopting sober, moral ways
 
Comfort in Religion
 
Methodism taught a message of forgiveness for
sin and a better life to come
Took the message of hope to the slums where
they tried to rekindle hope among the working
poor
Methodists helped channel worker anger away
from revolution and toward reform
 
Factory Life
 
Compared to farm life and cottage
industry where workers could work at
their own pace, factories forced workers
to face rigid schedules set by the factory
whistle
Shifts lasted 12 to 16 hours six or seven
days a week and workers could only take
breaks when given permission
 
Factory Life
 
Workers suffered accidents from machines with no
safety devices or breathed in air filled with lint in
textile mills
Workers who became sick or injured lost their jobs
Factory work created double burden for women:
taking women out of their homes for 12 hours and
having to feed and clothe their families, clean, and
cope with sickness and injury
 
Harsh Life in the Mines
 
The increased demand for iron and
coal increased the need for miners
Miners paid more than factory
workers, working conditions even
worse
Worked in the darkness and coal
dust destroyed their lungs
 
Harsh Life in the Mines
 
Constant dangers of explosions, flooding, and
collapsing tunnels
Women and children forced to cart heavy loads of
coal, sometimes on all fours, and climbed ladders
carrying heavy baskets of coal
 
Children Have Dangerous Jobs
 
Factories and mines often hired children,
some of which began working at age 7 or
8
Children faced extremely harsh working
conditions due to their nimble fingers
and being quick
Parents accepted the idea of child labor
because children had worked on the farm
Wages children earned necessary to keep
families from starving
 
Children Have Dangerous Jobs
 
Child labor laws “factory acts” were passed in early
1800s
Reduced child workday to 12 hours
Removed children under 8 or 9 from working in cotton
mills
Laws usually not enforced, forcing British lawmakers
to form inspection teams to ensure mines and factories
obeying the laws
 
Results of Industrialization
 
People have debated whether the Industrial
Revolution was a blessing or a curse
Early industrial age brought terrible hardships,
however reformers pressed for laws to improve
working conditions
Eventually unions allowed to bargain and
working-class
 
Results of Industrialization
 
Despite social problems, Industrial Revolution did
have positive effects
As demand for goods rose, new factories built offering
more people jobs
Wages rose, giving workers enough money to pay for
rent, food, plus entertainment
As costs for railroads fell, more people began
traveling farther
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The Industrial Revolution had a profound social impact, bringing contrasting living conditions for entrepreneurs and workers. While entrepreneurs reaped riches, workers faced poverty and harsh living conditions. Urbanization accelerated as people moved to cities for work, leading to the growth of new social classes like the middle class. Despite tough working conditions, a sense of community developed among the working class.


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  1. The Industrial Revolution Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

  2. Living Conditions Industrial brought great riches to most entrepreneurs For the workers the industrial age brought poverty and harsh living conditions Eventually reforms would be enacted in Europe and America to curb many of the worse abuses

  3. Living Conditions As standards of living increased, people at all levels benefited from industrialization Until that time, workers faced dangerous working conditions, unsafe housing, and unrelenting poverty

  4. Living in Industrial Cities Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization (the movement of people to cities) Changes in farming, soaring population, and demand for workers led people to move from farms to cities Cities grew up around mines and factories Visitors to cities described cloud of coal vapor, the noise of steam engines, and the stench of the rivers

  5. New Social Classes Industrial Revolution created a new middle class along with the working class Middle class owned and operated the new factories, mines, etc. and their standard of living was much more comfortable than the working class Working class faced tough working conditions, however they began to develop a sense of community

  6. The Industrial Middle Class Those who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution were the entrepreneurs who set it in motion The Industrial Revolution created the bourgeoisie who came from varied backgrounds Merchants Skilled artisans Rags to riches individuals

  7. The Industrial Middle Class Middle class families lived in well-furnished, spacious homes with a ready supply of water, wore fancy clothing and ate well Took pride in their hard work and determination to get ahead Women of the middle class focused on raising their children rather than working

  8. The Industrial Working Class Working class struggled to survive in foul-smelling slums Most working class lived in tenements (multistory buildings divided into apartments) Had no running water, sewage, or sanitation systems Led to spread of diseases such as cholera

  9. Workers Stage Protests Originally labor unions (workers organizations) were illegal, but still met in secret Wished to enact worker reforms such as increased pay despite having no political power First labor riots occurred in England between 1811 to 1813

  10. Workers Stage Protests Groups of textile workers called the Luddites resisted the labor-saving machines that were taking their jobs Wearing masks and operating at night, they smashed textile machines and burned factories Luddites had widespread support among working class

  11. Comfort in Religion Many working-class people found comfort in religion, especially in Methodism John Wesley founded the Methodist movement in the mid- 1700s and encouraged his followers to improve themselves by adopting sober, moral ways

  12. Comfort in Religion Methodism taught a message of forgiveness for sin and a better life to come Took the message of hope to the slums where they tried to rekindle hope among the working poor Methodists helped channel worker anger away from revolution and toward reform

  13. Factory Life Compared to farm life and cottage industry where workers could work at their own pace, factories forced workers to face rigid schedules set by the factory whistle Shifts lasted 12 to 16 hours six or seven days a week and workers could only take breaks when given permission

  14. Factory Life Workers suffered accidents from machines with no safety devices or breathed in air filled with lint in textile mills Workers who became sick or injured lost their jobs Factory work created double burden for women: taking women out of their homes for 12 hours and having to feed and clothe their families, clean, and cope with sickness and injury

  15. Harsh Life in the Mines The increased demand for iron and coal increased the need for miners Miners paid more than factory workers, working conditions even worse Worked in the darkness and coal dust destroyed their lungs

  16. Harsh Life in the Mines Constant dangers of explosions, flooding, and collapsing tunnels Women and children forced to cart heavy loads of coal, sometimes on all fours, and climbed ladders carrying heavy baskets of coal

  17. Children Have Dangerous Jobs Factories and mines often hired children, some of which began working at age 7 or 8 Children faced extremely harsh working conditions due to their nimble fingers and being quick Parents accepted the idea of child labor because children had worked on the farm Wages children earned necessary to keep families from starving

  18. Children Have Dangerous Jobs Child labor laws factory acts were passed in early 1800s Reduced child workday to 12 hours Removed children under 8 or 9 from working in cotton mills Laws usually not enforced, forcing British lawmakers to form inspection teams to ensure mines and factories obeying the laws

  19. Results of Industrialization People have debated whether the Industrial Revolution was a blessing or a curse Early industrial age brought terrible hardships, however reformers pressed for laws to improve working conditions Eventually unions allowed to bargain and working-class

  20. Results of Industrialization Despite social problems, Industrial Revolution did have positive effects As demand for goods rose, new factories built offering more people jobs Wages rose, giving workers enough money to pay for rent, food, plus entertainment As costs for railroads fell, more people began traveling farther

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