Effective Strategies for Successful Revision and Examinations

 
R
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
 
a
n
d
 
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
 
C
a
r
o
l
 
L
e
a
t
h
e
r
 
O
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
 
The chal
l
enges
 
of
 
revis
i
on
 
Learning
 
and
infor
m
ation process
i
ng
and
 
revis
i
on
 
The impor
t
ance
 
of p
l
anning
 
E
x
aminatio
n
s:
 
the ch
a
l
l
enges
The 
p
rocess
 
and
 
per
f
or
m
ance
 
Case
 
studies
 
R
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
-
w
h
a
t
a
r
e
t
h
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
?
 
W
h
a
t
 
i
s
 
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
 
a
n
d
 
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
?
 
Gain
i
ng
 
kno
w
l
e
dg
e
,
 
usi
n
g
 
it
It
 
is
 
d
e
termined
 
by 
w
ay 
w
e
 
p
e
rcei
v
e, process, store
and
 
ret
r
i
e
ve information from 
e
x
peri
e
nce
Le
a
rning
 
occurs 
t
hrough
 
gu
i
da
n
ce
 
and
 
errors
It
 
occurs through e
x
peri
e
nce
 
and
 
practice
 
W
h
a
t
 
i
s
 
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
 
?
 
W
h
a
t
 
a
r
e
 
t
h
e
 
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
 
?
 
T
h
e
 
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
 
o
f
 
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
 
W
orking
 
me
m
ory
Maste
r
y and unders
t
anding
By not
 
kno
w
ing
 
and 
f
orge
t
ting
 
W
h
a
t
 
a
r
e
 
t
h
e
 
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
 
/
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
 
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
 
?
What
 
a
re
 
the most e
f
fec
t
ive?
 
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
 
i
s
 
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
 
A
 
L
i
b
rary
 
has two functi
o
ns:
to sto
r
e
 
infor
m
ation
to he
l
p
 
you gain
access to that
 
i
n
formati
o
n
--
goo
d
 
storage systems
 i
n the
brain
 
he
l
p
 
recall
 
O
r
ga
n
is
i
ng
 
and
 
making
i
n
formati
o
n
 
meani
n
gful
 
a
i
ds
memory retention
 
and
 
r
etri
e
val
 
R
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
 
Activ
e
, p
a
ssive
 
or rote
Is
 
it wrong
 
to just
 
do quest
i
ons
 
?
B
e
w
a
re
 
the 
r
ecog
n
iti
o
n
 
t
r
ap!
(
rec
o
g
n
is
i
ng
 
som
e
thi
n
g
 
on
 
a
 
p
a
ge
 
p
a
ssiv
e
-
i
t
 
i
s
 
n
o
t
 
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
i
l
y
 
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
 
i
t
,
 
b
e
i
n
g
 
a
b
l
e
t
o
 
r
e
c
a
l
l
 
i
t
)
 
D
i
f
ferent infor
m
ation
 
requ
i
res
d
i
f
ferent
 
l
e
arni
n
g
 
st
r
ategi
e
s
Source
 
Ed
g
ar
 
Dale
 
(1969)
 
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
 
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
 
M
u
l
t
i
 
s
e
n
s
o
r
y
 
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
 
i
s
 
t
h
e
 
b
e
s
t
 
!
!
4
 
M
s
M
a
n
a
g
e
a
b
l
e
 
-
 
p
l
a
n
 
i
t
,
 
b
r
e
a
k
 
i
t
 
i
n
t
o
 
b
i
t
s
M
e
a
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
 
-
 
l
o
o
k
 
f
o
r
 
t
h
e
 
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
,
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
e
 
p
r
i
o
r
 
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
M
u
l
t
i
 
s
e
n
s
o
r
y
 
-
 
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
 
t
h
e
 
s
e
n
s
e
s
M
e
m
o
r
y
 
a
i
d
s
 
 
t
a
s
k
 
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
 
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
 
T
h
e
 
g
o
a
l
s
T
o
 
kn
o
w
 
the
 
materi
a
l
 
--
 
to rec
a
ll
 
it
 
--
 
se
l
f
test
T
o
 
be a
b
le
 
to use it
 
in
 
e
x
amin
a
tions
T
o
 
ap
p
ly
 
it in other scenar
i
os
R
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
 
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
:
m
o
r
e
 
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
t
i
n
 
a
cl
in
ic
a
l
 
s
e
tti
n
g
 
a
n
d
 
pa
ss 
e
x
a
ms
 
!
 
T
h
e
 
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
 
o
f
 
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
 
Why s
h
ou
l
d
 
pe
o
p
l
e
 
p
l
an
 
?
 
Planning,
 
prepa
r
a
t
ion
 
and
pra
c
t
i
ce
 
impro
v
e
 
perform
a
n
c
e
 
Ensu
r
es
 
much
 
of
 
the
k
n
owledge
 
is
 
refre
s
hed
 
I
m
proves
 
rec
a
ll
 
Inc
r
ea
s
es
 
confiden
c
e
 
Why 
d
on
t
 
pe
o
p
l
e
 
p
l
an
 
?
 
Fear
 
Never
 
stick
 
to
 
it
 
 
k
e
eps
c
h
anging
 
Don’t
 
know
 
how
 
to
 
do 
i
t
 
or
where
 
to
 
sta
r
t
 
W
a
s
tes
 
ti
m
e
 
H
o
w
 
t
o
 
p
l
a
n
 
T
h
i
n
k
 
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
a
l
l
y
 
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
 
y
o
u
r
 
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
b
a
s
e
 
 
s
e
l
f
 
t
e
s
t
 
 
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
s
e
 
A
n
a
l
y
s
e
 
w
h
a
t
 
y
o
u
 
h
a
v
e
 
t
o
l
e
a
r
n
 
 
-
 
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
/
 
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
 
/
t
y
p
e
 
o
f
 
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
 
T
a
s
k
 
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
 
m
e
t
h
o
d
 
-
 
b
e
s
t
w
a
y
 
Make
 
it
 m
anageable,
 
mul
t
i
s
e
n
s
or
y
,
 
meaningful,
 
memory
aids
 
B
e
 
g
o
a
l
 
o
r
i
e
n
t
a
t
e
d
 
L
o
o
k
 
/
 
f
i
t
 
t
o
 
t
i
m
e
 
f
r
a
m
e
-
 
e
.
g
.
O
u
t
l
o
o
k
 
P
r
e
 
s
e
t
 
 
d
a
i
l
y
 
/
w
e
e
k
l
y
 
g
o
a
l
s
 
s
h
o
r
t
 
a
c
h
i
e
v
a
b
l
e
 
g
o
a
l
s
 
-
c
h
e
c
k
a
n
d
 
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
 
M
a
k
e
 
t
h
e
 
b
e
s
t
 
o
f
 
y
o
u
r
 
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
 
t
i
m
e
 
-
-
-
 
b
e
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
B
e
 
o
r
g
a
n
i
s
e
d
,
 
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
 
a
n
d
e
n
j
o
y
 
i
t
 
!
 
E
x
a
m
s
-
w
h
a
t
 
a
r
e
 
t
h
e
 
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
?
 
T
h
e
 
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
 
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
 
The
 
r
ation
a
l
e
:
The
 
what, the wh
y
,
 
the 
h
ow
 
The
 
impact
 
on the
 
i
n
d
i
vi
d
ual
 
B
l
ooms
 
Cogn
i
tive
 
doma
i
n
 
H
o
w
 
d
o
 
y
o
u
 
d
o
 
t
h
e
 
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
 
e
x
a
m
s
(
e
.
g
.
 
M
C
Q
s
)
 
Cover
 
up 
t
he
 
poten
t
ial
 
answers
Read
 
the
 
question
 
senten
c
e
What
 
d
o
 
YOU think the answer
 
is?
Think
 
about
 
the context
Where is 
t
he
 
answer
 
l
ocated’
 
in
 
the te
x
t
 
– w
h
at are
the variable
s
-
 
age
 
gender
 
etc
 
?
Check
 
your answer
 
against
 
what is o
f
fe
r
ed
B
e
w
a
r
e
 
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
 
y
o
u
r
 
a
n
s
w
e
r
 
i
n
 
t
h
e
 
e
x
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
 
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
 
e
x
a
m
s
 
(
e
.
g
.
 
C
S
A
,
 
P
A
C
E
S
,
 
O
S
C
E
s
)
 
P
l
anning,
 
prepa
r
ation,
 
practice
D
i
stingu
i
sh
 
between:
T
h
ose
 
w
i
th ‘an
 
a
n
s
w
e
r
Th
o
se wh
i
ch
 
requ
i
re
 
‘judgement’
T
ake 
y
our
 
time
 
to think
Unders
t
and
 
your 
o
wn
 
‘stress
 
reactio
n
 
Breathi
n
g
 
is
good
 
for
 
you!
T
h
e
 
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
 
i
s
 
p
a
r
t
 
o
f
 
t
h
e
 
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
 
 
t
e
s
t
 
o
f
 
y
o
u
r
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
 
i
n
 
y
o
u
r
 
s
k
i
l
l
s
&
 
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
 
P
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
 
 
a
r
e
 
y
o
u
 
g
e
t
t
i
n
g
 
e
x
a
m
 
r
e
a
d
y
 
 
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
ap
p
roach,
 
confid
e
nt, phi
l
osop
h
y
 
P
l
a
n
 
a
n
 
e
x
a
m
 
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
:
Chunking
 
-
 
time a
l
l
o
cation
 
-
 
‘go
l
d
 
si
l
ver
 
bronze’
method
 
any o
t
hers?
 
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
MCQ
s -
 
mock p
a
pers,
 
timed questions,
 
ba
n
ks
CS
A
,
 
P
AC
E
S,
 
V
iva
s
 
-
 
w
i
th others
 
B
e
 
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
 
:
 
O
n
t
h
e
b
i
g
d
a
y
 
Y
ou
 
sho
u
ld
 
fee
l
:
e
x
am
 
ready
we
l
l
 
prepa
r
ed
ph
i
loso
p
hical
e
x
cited
rested
confident
 
W
h
a
t
a
r
e
 
t
h
e
k
e
y
s
 
t
o
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
 
?
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Overcoming the challenges of revision and examinations is crucial for academic success. Learning and information processing, planning, and implementing effective revision strategies are key elements discussed in the content. The importance of storage, different learning channels, and memory aids are highlighted to enhance knowledge acquisition and retention. By focusing on multi-sensory learning techniques and goal-oriented studying, individuals can boost their confidence in various settings, including clinical environments, and improve exam performance.


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  1. Revision and examinations Carol Leather

  2. Overview The challenges of revision Learning and information processing and revision The importance of planning Examinations: the challenges The process and performance Case studies

  3. Revision-what are the challenges ?

  4. What is learning and information processing? Gaining knowledge, using it It is determined by way we perceive, process, store and retrieve information from experience Learning occurs through guidance and errors It occurs through experience and practice What is revision ? What are the barriers ?

  5. The acquisition of knowledge Working memory Mastery and understanding By not knowing and forgetting What are the learning / processing channels ? What are the most effective?

  6. Storage is important ALibrary has two functions: to store information to help you gain access to that information-- good storage systems in the brain help recall Organising and making information meaningful aids memory retention and retrieval

  7. Revision strategies Active, passive or rote Is it wrong to just do questions ? Beware the recognition trap! (recognising something on a page passive- it is not necessarily knowing it, being able to recall it) Different information requires different learning strategies Source Edgar Dale (1969)

  8. Effective learning Multi sensory learning is the best !! 4 M s Manageable - plan it, break it into bits Meaningful - look for the structure, activate prior knowledge Multi sensory - incorporate the senses Memory aids task specific techniques The goals T o know the material -- to recall it -- self test T o be able to use it in examinations T o apply it in other scenarios Revision outcome: more confident in a clinical setting and pass exams !

  9. The importance of planning Why don t people plan ? Why should people plan ? Fear Planning, preparation and practice improve performance Never stick to it keeps changing Ensures much of the knowledge is refreshed Don t know how to do it or where to start Improves recall Wastes time Increases confidence

  10. How to plan Think strategically Be goal orientated Evaluate your knowledge base self test prioritise Look / fit to time frame- e.g. Outlook Analyse what you have to learn - difficulty/ interest / type of information Pre set daily /weekly goals short achievable goals -check and reflect Task specific method - best way Make the best of your energy and time --- be flexible Reflect Be organised, creative and enjoy it ! Make it manageable, multi sensory, meaningful, memory aids

  11. Exams- what are the challenges?

  12. The examination process The rationale: The what, the why, the how The impact on the individual Blooms Cognitive domain

  13. How do you do the written exams (e.g. MCQs) Cover up the potential answers Read the question sentence What do YOU think the answer is? Think about the context Where is the answer located in the text what are the variables- age gender etc ? Check your answer against what is offered Beware changing your answer in the examination

  14. Practical exams (e.g. CSA, PACES, OSCEs) Planning, preparation, practice Distinguish between: Those with an answer Those which require judgement T ake your time to think Understand your own stress reaction Breathing is good for you! The challenge is part of the process test of your confidence in your skills & knowledge

  15. Be strategic : Preparation are you getting exam ready energy, approach, confident, philosophy Plan an exam strategy: Chunking - time allocation - gold silver bronze method any others? Practice MCQ s - mock papers, timed questions, banks CSA, PACES, Viva s - with others

  16. On the big day You should feel: exam ready well prepared philosophical excited rested confident

  17. What are the keys to success ?

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