Understanding Gender Attitudes in Southern Africa
The Gender Progress Score (GPS) survey collected responses from 15 countries in Southern Africa between 2019 and 2021 to gauge gender attitudes. With a total of 34,323 responses, the survey revealed insights on gender attitudes, with women comprising 49.5% of respondents. The scores ranged across the region, with the highest scores observed among those with tertiary education levels. Gender attitude scores varied by sex and educational level, contributing to a deeper understanding of societal perspectives on gender equality.
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Gender Progress Score (GPS) Gender attitudes in Southern Africa
What is the Gender Progress Score (GPS)? 25 question survey to gauge gender attitudes Gender Links has developed this survey to better understand different perspectives on gender equality and help us change lives Includes questions on contentious areas such as polygamy; choice of termination of pregnancy; sex work and sexual orientation This survey reflects societies in transition, from gender blind (and gender blinkered) to gender awareness, tolerance, and sensitivity
Country Angola Botswana DRC Eswatini Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Seychelles South Africa Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Total Total 473 1821 1608 5618 2452 4947 310 1119 1573 952 274 8387 1275 654 2860 34323 Overview A total of 34323 responses to the Gender Progress Score survey were collected in 15 countries between 2019 and 2021.
Sex: 49.5% female 9.4% male 0.1% non-binary Age groups: 64% were between 18-40, 12% were younger than 18 Educational level: 46% tertiary 33% secondary school 3% of respondents indicated living with a disability Sample demographics
Gender Attitude Scores across the region (out of 100) 80 70 72 70 67 65 60 63 63 62 62 62 61 60 60 58 58 57 50 51 40 30 20 10 0
Gender Attitude Scores by sex across the region (out of 100) Female Male 80 75 70 73 68 68 66 66 66 65 60 64 64 64 64 63 63 62 62 62 61 61 60 60 60 59 59 59 58 57 57 55 55 50 51 51 40 30 20 10 0
Gender Attitude Scores by educational level Respondents with tertiary or vocational levels of education had the highest scores Respondents with primary school had the lowest gender attitude scores 70 60 60 60 59 59 58 50 40 30 20 10 0 Vocational Education Tertiary Education Secondary School Adult Literacy Primary School
Respondents between 41-60 years of age had the highest scores. Respondents younger than 18 years of age had the lowest gender attitude scores. Gender Attitude Scores by Age Group 70 60 61 61 60 60 59 56 50 40 30 20 10 0 41-50 51-60 25-40 60+ 18-25 Younger than 18
The positive aspects of Gender Attitudes in Southern Africa Strongly Agree/ Agree People should be treated the same whether they are male or female 60% Men should share the work around the house with women such as doing dishes, cleaning and cooking 48% There is nothing a woman can do if her husband wants to have girlfriends 15% If a man beats a woman it shows that he loves her 14% Families should spend less money on the education of daughters as on the education of sons 13% Disabled boys should have priority over disabled girls to special needs facilities and services 10% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
The worrying aspects of Gender Attitudes in Southern Africa Strongly Agree/ Agree A woman should obey her husband 68% A woman needs her husband s permission to do paid work 47% A woman can refuse to have sex with her husband 45% A man should have the final say in all family matters 44% A woman should be able to choose to terminate a pregnancy in the first three months of her pregnancy 28% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
The inconsistencies in Gender Attitudes in Southern Africa Strongly Agree/ Agree A woman should obey her husband 68% People should be treated the same whether they are male or female 60% 40% 60% 80%
The inconsistencies in Gender Attitudes in Southern Africa Strongly Agree/ Agree People should be treated the same whether they are male or female 60% A woman needs her husband s permission to do paid work 47% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Differences by sex % who strongly agree or agree Females Males 60% 50% 46% 39% 40% 26% 25% 24% 20% 16% 15% 0% A man should have the final say in all family matters If a woman works she should give her money to her husband Children belong to a man and his family If a wife does something wrong her husband has the right to punish her
Similarities by sex % who strongly agree or agree Females Males 80% 60% 59% 60% 48% 46% 40% 31% 30% 29% 28% 25% 23% 20% 0% People should be treated the same whether they are male or female A woman has the right to insist on a man using a condom Homosexuality is a psychological disease A woman should be able to choose to terminate a pregnancy in the first three months of her pregnancy The media interviews more men than women for stories
45% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that a woman can refuse to have sex with her husband 68% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that a woman should obey her husband Gender Based Violence 14% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that if a man beats a woman it shows that he loves her 47% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that A woman needs her husband s permission to do paid work
Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights 28% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that a woman should be able to choose to terminate a pregnancy in the first three months of her pregnancy 47% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that a woman has the right to insist on a man using a condom
Sexual diversity 31% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that it bothers them when a girl acts like a boy 30% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that homosexuality is a psychological disease
36% Agreed or Strongly Agreed that if a woman works she should give her money to her husband 47% Agreed or Strongly Agreed a woman needs her husband s permission to do paid work Economic justice
