Understanding Cultural Influences on Communication Context at CAG UNIVERSITY

Explore the significant impact of cultural influences on communication context at CAG UNIVERSITY through various images and descriptions. Understand how cultural rules shape communicative behaviors, leading to effective intercultural communication and avoiding potential misunderstandings. Gain insights into the interplay between culture, social settings, and communication dynamics in different contexts.

• Cultural Communication
• Intercultural Understanding
• Communication Context
• CAG UNIVERSITY

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1. Part X. European Culture/Lifestyles CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 1

2. Part XII. China Culture/Lifestyles CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 2

3. CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON CONTEXT THE BUSINESS SETTING Where have we been? Where are we going? CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 3

4. CULTURE AND CONTEXT There is a well known saying that everyone has to be someplace. Communication is not immune from external influence- to some degree by the cultural,social and physical settings in which it occurs.These settings communication context. are called the CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 4

5. To large degree,your culture specifies the appropriate communicative behaviour within a variety of social and physical contexts b prescribing rules that dictate correct deportment for situations.When communicating with members of your own culture, you and your cohorts rely on internalized cultural rules that stipulate the appropriate behaviours for the specific communication situation. specific communicative CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 5

6. These rules enable you to communicate effectively with each other and since they are a product of your enculturation you do have to have to consiously think about which rules to use you intuitively know which rules to apply when communicating in a given context. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 6

7. To be a competent intercultural communicator ypu must be aware of how diverse cultural rules influence to communication context. Otherwise,you must encounter a variety of surprises-some of which could be embarrising , detrimental or both.! CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 7

8. Communication and Context In order to help you to understand just how important context communication,we will assumptions about human communication: is to intercultural three review basic 1-Communication is rule governed, 2-Context prescribes appropriate communication rules, 3-Communication rules are culturally diverse. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 8

9. Communcation is Rule Governed Both consiously and uncounsiously,people expect that their interactions will follow culturally determined rules and shared forms of behaviour. Social settings usually stipulate which rules govern a particular situation,but it is culture that makes the rules. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 9

10. In Suudi Arabia,for instance a contextual rule prohibits men and women, couples,from touching each other in public. In United States,however such public displays of affection are quite acceptable and common. including married Communication nonverbal behaviors and specify not only what should be said but also how it should be said. rules govern both verbal and CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 10

11. Verbal rules govern such things as turn talking ,voice volume, and formality of language. Obviously,the rules differ depending on the context.. In a job interview,you might use formal or respectful words such as sir or ma am when responding to your potential employer. At a football or basketball game, your language would be far less formal,incorporating slang phrases and quite possibly derogatory remarks about the opposing team or officals. good natured CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 11

12. Context Specifies Communication Rules Our second assumption about communicationn is that the context specifies the appropriate rules. Think for a moment about the how such diverse contexts as a classroom, wedding, bank, hospital, church, funeral or a day at the beach determines which communication rules apply. Also imagine the responses of others if your behaviour deviates from expected norms. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 12

13. Communication Rules Are Culturally Diverse A third assumption is that rules are culturally diverse. Although cultures have many of the same social settings or contexts they frequently abide by different rules. Consequently,concepts of dress, time, language, manners, nonverbal behaviours and control of the communication ebb and flow can differ significantly among cultures. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 13

14. When doing bussiness in Turkey ,your Turkish colleagues will insist on paying for all the entertainment.Turkish hospitality is legendary and they will not permit you to pay for any part of meal. In the Unites States ,the rules for business entertaining are very different. The cost of meal or entertainment is often shared. Different cultures,different rules. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 14

15. To be succesful in intercultural communication, it is essential to be aware of your own culture s rules and also the cultural rules of the person with whom you are interacting. If you understand the rules,the other person s behaviour will make greater sense to you and you will be better preperad to control and modify your own behaviour to meet his or her expectations. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 15

16. Assesing The Context Before moving to a detailed analysis of specific settings , we need to pause and examine three communication variables that are woven in and out of every communication setting. That is to say regardless of the communication context: 1- Formality and Informality 2- Assertiveness and interpersonal Harmony 3-Status Relationships play a major role in a how people respond to their interpersonal and organizational environments. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 16

17. Formality and Informality Cultures tent to range from very informal views of events and people to perceptions that are quite formal. The manifestations of informality and formality take many forms and include such diverse behaviours as the way people dress, their posture, how someone is adressed,end even the type od speech used. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 17

18. Informality Grounded in a strong belief in individualism and equality,The united States has long been considered an informal culture. U.s informality is manifested in a host of ways. For example: Regardless of their sacial position, most U.S. Americans will quickly move to using first names when meeting strangers or begining a bussiness venture. Even the simple greeting Hi can be seen as reflection of American informality in other cultures. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 18

19. The informality and openness displayed by the U.S.Americans can be a source of confusion,misunderstanding, and embarrassment for people from more formal cultures. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 19

20. Formality In contrast to the high degree of informality found in U.S., there are many examples of cultures that place a high value on formality.In Egypt,Turkey and Japan, for instance, the student/ teacher relationship is very formal. This may be seen in the Egyptian proverb Whoever teaches me a letter, I should be a slave to him forever. In these Countries, when the teacher enters the room ,students are expected to stand . CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 20

21. Formality is also evident in how cultures use forms of adress. Not differences can cause problems during intercultural exchanges. Germans for example, adress others and conduct themselves in a very formal manner,which many U.S. Americans would consider extreme. knowing these CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 21

22. The extensive use of titles to identify people and their position in the social structure is another way the Germans exhibit their formality. For instance, if Helmut Schr der was both a professor and medical doctor, he would be referred to as Herr Professor Doktor Schr der (i.e, Mr. Prof. Doctor). Germany is not only place where forms of adress are directly linked to perception and values. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 22

23. The significance of informality anf formality in communication goes well beyond a culture s use of language. The number of friends you have, your closeness to those friends, and what you tell those friends are also affected. In a study on intercultural friendships, Gareis noted that Whereas Americans are easily accessible , Germans tend to be formal and private even when dealing with their friends.This is exemplified by a German proverb that states A friend of everyone is a friend to noone. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 23

24. It is easy to imagine the outcome of a cross-cultural bussiness venture if, at the initial meeting the U.S. Americans were offering personal information about themselves, speaking in a informal manner, and using their counterparts first namesi while the Japanese were doing exactly opposite. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 24

25. Assertiveness and Interpersonal Harmony The second important dimension of culture that affects the communication context is the manner, in which people present themselves to others. While they are many aspects of communication styles,assertiveness and interpersonal harmony directly influence the intercultural setting-be it in a bussiness meeting,classroom, or health care context. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 25

26. Assertiveness U.S culture communication style. It is not uncommon for U.S Americans to enroll in assertiveness traning classes, where they are encouraged and thaught to be frank,open,and direct when dealing with other people. For example: think about the styles of communication displayed in MSNBC or Fox News television political talk shows, where participants frequently end up shouting at each other in an effort to make their point. In sports arena, trash talk is commonplace between members of opposing teams. is known for its assertive CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 26

27. While the communication styles in these two settings tend to be exaggerations of the norm,they serve to illustrate the positive value that is placed on communicative assertiveness in the U.S. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 27

28. Interpersonal Harmony While the U.S and some Western European cultures such as Germany and Israel, see assertiveness as an asset, other cultures see it as threatening and detrimental to harmonious interpersonal relations. Among Northeast and cultures,mutual agreement,loyalty, and reciprocal obligation underline the importance placed on harmonious relations. Sounteast Asian CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 28

29. To better understand the value some people assign to interpersonal harmony, we turn to the Filipino Culture. According to the Gochenour,for members of the Filipino culture, The ultimate ideal is one of the harmony-between individuals,among the members of the family ,among the group divisions of society and of all life relationship with GOD. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 29

30. Filipinos have two terms that express their conception of harmony: amor propio and pakikisama .. Amor propio translate into English as harmony and refers to a very fragile sense of personal worth and self-respect. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 30

31. Maintaining harmonius relations is also a primary consideration among the Japanese , in both personal and professional settings. For the Japanese ,harmony is more a product of adhering to accepted models of behaviour than compelling principle.Since deviance is considered threating and disruptive, most Japanese willingly accept and adopt normative expectations during social and proffesional interactions. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 31

32. Status Relationships. The third communication variable that influence nearly all communication settings relates to a culture s view on differences in status. Every society and organization has specific culturally based on values and protocols to guide the interaction between people of varying social possitions. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 32

33. Using broadcast classification scale,a culture can generally categorized as either egalitarian and hierarchical Egalitarian: Egalitarianism facilities and encourages informal interaction between seniors,minimizing the expectation deferencead formality. A person s status is usually acquired through individual effort, rather than ascribed by birth, appointment or age. This creates an environment of social mobility by encouraging the belief that everyone has the opportunity to improve their social status. subordinatesand or need for CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 33

34. The United States, Australia and New Zealand are considered highly egalitarian U.S.Americans are little concerned with differences in social status and power. This is partly the result of the U.S frontier heritage,when early settlers were forced to rely on hard work on to survive. As a result equality, or the appearance of equality ,became a cultural value that persists today. cultures. Most CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 34

35. Hierarchical Cultures that subscribe to a hierarchical view of social status are in marked contrast to egalitarian cultures. In countries like Japan and Spain, differences in status are made obvious protocols that govern organizational activitiesand even by the language style used. through interpersonal proscribed and CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 35

36. Real power is held by a few individuals who may have achieved their position by means of family connections level of education or simply age. Merit or ability is often a secondary consideration. Interactions between subordinates and seniors are conducted in formal manner and titles are always used. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 36

37. In a business setting , discordant relations can quickly develop if the participants adhere conflicting views on egalitarianism and hierarchy. The behaviours and actions of representatives from hierarchical cultures are frequently dictated by culture-bound rules relating to status,quite in contrast to the free-wheeling activities exhibited by egalitarians. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 37

38. Members of egalitarian cultures however enjoy greeter freedom of action and individuality and may view the structered regimented procedures followed by their hierarchical counterpats as unneccesary and overly formal CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 38

39. Intercultural Communication in an Envolving Business Context The first instances of cross-cultural trade are lost in antiquity,but probably occured well before the historical record began. Archelogical evidence has revealed the existence of trade disporas more than thousand years ago in what is now IRAN and recorded history is replete with examples of cross-cultural trade. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 39

40. The Multinational Bussiness Context The development of business communicative skills in a multinational marketplace represents a challenging endeavor. Such seemingly universal concepts as a management ,decision making and conflicit management are frequently viewed differently from one culture to another. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 40

41. We multinational business context and the views various cultures hold regardling: now turn our attention toward the 1- Business protocol 2- Management 3- Desicion making 4- Conflicit Management CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 41

42. Business Protocol A popular bumper sticker in the United State reads Rules are for Fools . While this may be expressive of the high value Americans place individualism and independence, we urge you not to follow that admonition when doing businesswith people from other cultures In most parts of the world, culturally correct protocol is both expected and respected. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 42

43. To introduce you to some of variations in protocol, we start with the elements that help initiate business relationships. 1- initial contacts 2- greeting behaviour 3- personal apperance 4- gift giving 5- office spatial design CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 43

44. To introduce you to some of varitations in protocol, we start with the elements that helps initiate business relationships 1-initial contact 2-greeting behaviour 3- personal apperance 4- gift giving 5- office spatial design CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 44

45. Initial Contact When engaging in international business,the ways in which you establish initial contact and make appointment can range from a brief,unsocilited telephone call to writing a formal letter of request or the uses of a go-between or emissary. A few examples should help you to clarify this point. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 45

46. In El Salvador and much of Latin America,including Mexico,appointments must be made at least a month in advance by mail or telephone and then varified one week before meeting. In Latin American cultures you should establish your contacts as high up in the organization as possible. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 46

47. While the cold call is common in the U.S. And can also be used in India,the use of trusted intermediates is common, and often required,in many other cultures. For example, if you want an appointment in Egypt you must send a letter of introduction to an Egyptian contact who can faciliate arranging a meeting. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 47

48. When planing initial meetings with business representatives from other particularly important to select an appropriate date. Most cultures have their own unique schedule of national and religious holidays and the successful international business person is always aware of the those dates. countries, it is CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 48

49. Greeting Behaviours Once a meeting has been arranged date set, it is important that an effort be made to use the greeting practices of the host cultures.Americans tend to be informal and friendly. Both men and women shake hands on meeting and leaving. First names generally are used with the exceptions of very senior persons or formal situations. Business cards are exchanged in business settings but seldom in strictly social gatherings. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 49

50. Doing business in the Peoples Republic of China offers some additional contrasting examples. The Chinese business community is more formal than the U.S and the use of titles is essential and reflects the cultural emphasis on hierarchy. CAG UNIVERSITY Yrd. Do . Dr. brahim nan 10/3/2024 50

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