Understanding Different Types of Maps and Their Uses

 
SK RAI
 
SSGJ
 
We 
have 
learnt 
in 
the 
previous 
chapter 
about
the 
advantages 
of 
a 
globe. 
However, 
globe 
has
limitations 
as 
well. 
A 
globe 
can 
be 
useful 
when 
we 
want
to 
study 
the 
earth 
as 
a 
whole. 
But, 
when 
we 
want 
to
study 
only 
the 
part 
of 
earth, 
as 
about 
our 
country,
states, 
districts, 
towns 
& 
villages, 
it 
is 
of 
little 
help. 
In
such
 
situation
 
we
 
use
 
maps
.
 
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Physical
 
Map
 
Maps 
showing 
natural 
features 
of 
the
earth 
such 
as 
Mountain,
 
Plateaus,
Plains, 
Oceans, 
Rivers 
etc. 
are 
called
PHYSICAL 
or 
RELIEF
 
MAP.
 
POLITICAL
 
Map
 
Maps 
showing 
cities, 
towns 
& 
villages 
&
different 
countries 
& 
states 
of 
the 
world
with 
there 
boundaries 
are 
called
POLITICAL
 
MAP.
 
Thematic
 
Map
Some 
map 
focus 
on 
specific 
information;
such 
as 
road 
map, 
rainfall 
maps, 
maps
showing 
distribution 
of 
forest, 
industries
etc. are 
known as
 
THEMATIC 
MAP.
 
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N
.
 
Distance
 
There 
are
 
THREE 
types
 
of
 
COMPONENTS 
OF 
MAPS
 
.
 
They 
Are:
 
-
 
DIRECTION
 
SYMBOL
undefined
 
Exit
 
Maps are 
drawing 
which 
reduce 
the 
entire 
world or 
a 
part 
of 
it 
to 
fit
on 
a 
sheet 
of 
paper. 
Or 
we 
can 
say 
maps 
are drawn 
to 
reduced scale. 
But 
this
reduction 
is 
done 
very 
carefully 
so 
that 
the 
distance 
between 
the 
places 
is real.
It 
can only 
be 
possible 
when 
a 
small 
distance 
on 
paper represents 
a large
distance 
on 
ground. 
Therefore, 
a 
scale 
is 
chosen 
for 
this 
purpose. 
Scale 
is 
the
ratio 
between 
the 
actual 
distance 
on 
the 
ground and 
the 
distance shown 
on 
the
map. 
For 
example, 
the 
distance 
between 
your 
school 
and 
your 
home 
is 
10 
Km.
If 
you show 
this 
10 
Km. 
distance 
by 
2 
Cm 
on 
a map, 
it 
means 
1 
Cm 
is 
5 
Km 
on
the 
ground. 
The 
scale 
your 
drawing 
will be, 
1 
Cm. 
is 
equal 
to 
5 
Km. 
Thus, 
scale
is 
very 
important 
in 
any 
map. 
If 
you 
know 
the 
scale, 
you 
will 
be 
able 
to
calculate 
the 
distance 
between 
any 
two 
place 
on
 
a 
map.
When 
Large 
areas 
like 
continent 
or countries 
are 
to be 
shown 
on 
a
paper, 
then 
we 
use small 
scale. 
For 
example 
5 
Cm. 
on 
the 
map 
shows 
500 
Km.
of 
the 
ground. 
It 
is 
called 
a 
SMALL SCALE
 
MAP.
When 
a 
small 
area 
like 
village 
or 
town 
is 
to 
be 
shown 
on 
paper, 
then 
a
use 
a large 
scale, i.e. 
5 
Cm 
on 
the 
map shows 
500 
Meter 
Only 
on 
the 
ground. 
It
is 
called 
LARGE 
SCALE
 
MAP.
Large 
Scale 
Maps 
give us 
more 
information 
than 
Small 
Scale
 
Map.
 
Distance
 
Back
 
DIRECTION
 
Most 
maps 
content 
an 
arrow 
mark 
with 
the 
letter 
‘N’ 
at 
the 
upper
right hand 
corner. 
This 
arrow 
shows 
the 
North 
Direction. 
It 
is 
called 
the 
North
Line. 
When 
you 
know 
the 
North, 
you 
can 
find 
out 
other 
directions, 
for
example
 
East,
 
West
 
and
 
South.
 
There
 
are
 
major
 
directions,
 
North,
 
South,
 
East
 
and West. 
They 
are 
called 
CARDINAL
 
POINTS.
directions   
are
 
North-East 
 
(NE),
 
South-East
 
(SE),
 
Other 
four 
intermediate
N
ort
h
-
W
est
 
 
(
N
W)
 
a
nd
 
South-West 
(SW).  
We  
can 
locate
 
any
 
place
 
more accurately
 
with
 
the
 
help 
of
these 
Intermediate
 
Directions.
 
We 
can 
find 
out the 
direction 
of 
a 
place 
with 
the 
help 
of 
Compass. 
It
is 
an 
instrument 
used 
to 
find 
out 
Main 
Directions. 
Its 
magnetic 
needle 
always
point 
towards 
North 
and South
 
Directions.
 
Back
 
SY
M
BOL
 
It 
is 
the 
third 
important 
component 
of 
a 
map. 
It 
is 
not 
possible to
draw 
on 
a 
map 
the 
actual 
shape 
and 
size 
of 
different 
features 
such 
as 
buildings,
roads, bridges, trees, 
railway 
lines or 
a 
well. 
So, 
they 
are 
shown 
by 
certain
letters, 
shades, 
colours, pictures and lines . 
These 
symbols 
give 
a
 
lot of
information 
in 
a 
limited 
space. 
With 
the 
use 
of 
these 
symbols, 
maps 
can 
be
drawn 
easily 
and 
are 
simple 
to 
read. 
Even 
if 
you 
don’t 
know 
the 
language 
of 
an
area 
and therefore 
cannot 
ask 
someone 
for 
directions 
, 
you 
can 
collect
information 
from 
maps 
with the 
help 
of 
these 
symbols. 
Maps 
have 
a 
universal
language 
that 
can 
be 
understood by 
all. There 
is 
an 
international 
agreement
regarding 
the 
use 
of 
these 
symbols. 
These 
are 
called 
CONVENTIONAL
SYMBOLS.
Various 
colours 
are 
used 
for 
this 
purpose. 
For 
example, 
generally 
blue
is 
used 
for 
showing 
water 
bodies, 
brown 
for 
mountain, 
yellow 
for 
plateau and
green 
is 
used 
for
 
plains.
 
Click 
Here 
for 
some
 
Symbols
 
Back
 
Back
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Learn about the advantages and limitations of using a globe versus maps for studying the earth, as well as the various types of maps like Physical, Political, Thematic, Sketch, and Plan maps. Each type serves a specific purpose, from showing natural features to detailed information on cities, towns, and villages. Discover how maps provide more detailed information than globes and are essential tools for different geographical studies.


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  1. SK RAI SSGJ

  2. We have learnt in the previous chapter about advantages of a globe. limitations as well. A globe can be useful when we want to study the earth as a whole. But, when we want to study only the part of earth, as about our country, states, districts, towns & villages, it is of little help. In such situation we use maps. the However, globe has A map is a representation or a drawing of the earth s surface according to a scale. But it s impossible to flatten a round shape completely. We find that maps are useful to us for various purposes. One map shows a small area and a few facts. Another map may contain as many facts as a big book. When many maps are put together we get an Atlas book. Atlases are of different sizes, measurements drawn on different scales. Maps provide more information than the globe. They are of different types. Some of them are described below:

  3. PhysicalMap Maps showing natural features of the earth such as Mountain, Plains, Oceans, Rivers etc. are called PHYSICAL or RELIEFMAP. Plateaus, POLITICALMap Maps showing cities, towns & villages & different countries & states of the world with there boundaries POLITICALMAP. are called ThematicMap Some map focus on specific information; such as road map, rainfall maps, maps showing distribution of forest, industries etc. are known asTHEMATIC MAP.

  4. S K E T C H A SKETCH is a drawing mainly based on memory and spot observation and not to scale. Sometimes a rough drawing is required of an area to tell where a particular place is located with respect places. Supposes, you want go to your friend s house, but you don t know the way. Your friend will make a rough drawing to show the way to his/her house. Such a rough drawing is drawing is drawn without the scale, & is called a SKETCH MAP. to others

  5. p la n A PLAN is a drawing of a small area on a large scale. A large scale map gives lots of information, but certain things which we may sometimes want sometime. For example the length & breadth of a room, which can t be shown in the map. At that time, we can refer drawings scale is called a PLAN. they are to know drawn to

  6. There areTHREE types of COMPONENTS OF MAPS. They Are:- Distance DIRECTION S Y M B O L

  7. Exit

  8. Distance Maps are drawing which reduce the entire world or a part of it to fit on a sheet of paper. Or we can say maps are drawn to reduced scale. But this reduction is done very carefully so that the distance between the places is real. It can only be possible when a small distance on paper represents a large distance on ground. Therefore, a scale is chosen for this purpose. Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map. For example, the distance between your school and your home is 10Km. If you show this 10Km. distance by 2 Cm on a map, it means 1Cm is 5 Km on the ground. The scale your drawing will be, 1Cm. is equal to 5 Km. Thus, scale is very important in any map. If you know the scale, you will be able to calculate the distance between anytwo place onamap. When Large areas like continent or countries are to be shown on a paper, then we use small scale. For example 5 Cm. on the map shows 500 Km. of the ground. Itiscalled aSMALLSCALE MAP. When a small area like village or town is to be shown on paper, then a use a large scale, i.e. 5 Cm on the map shows 500Meter Only on the ground. It iscalled LARGESCALE MAP. Large Scale Maps give us more information than Small Scale Map. Back

  9. DIRECTION Most maps content an arrow mark with the letter N at the upper right hand corner. This arrow shows the North Direction. It is called the North Line. When you know the North, you can find out other directions, for example East, West and South. There are major directions, North, South, East and West. They are called CARDINAL POINTS. directions are North-East (NE), South-East (SE), South-West (SW). We can locateany place more accurately with the help of these Intermediate Directions. Other four intermediate North-West (NW) and We can find out the direction of a place with the help of Compass. It is an instrument used to find out Main Directions. Its magnetic needle always point towards North and South Directions. Back

  10. S Y M B O L It is the third important component of a map. It is not possible to draw on a map the actual shape and size of different features such as buildings, roads, bridges, trees, railway lines or a well. So, they are shown by certain letters, shades, colours, pictures and lines . These symbols give a lot of information in a limited space. With the use of these symbols, maps can be drawn easily and are simple to read. Even if you don t know the language of an area and therefore cannot ask someone for directions , you can collect information from maps with the help of these symbols. Maps have a universal language that can be understood by all. There is an international agreement regarding the use of these symbols. These are called CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS. Various colours are used for this purpose. For example, generally blue is used for showing water bodies, brown for mountain, yellow for plateau and green isused for plains. Click Here for someSymbols Back

  11. Back

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