What exactly is dyslexia
D
y
s
l
e
x
i
a
i
s
a
r
e
a
d
i
ng
i
m
p
a
i
r
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
someone
of
average
or
high
intelligence.
This
implies
that
their
reading
skill
is
significantly
lower
than
what
their
cognitive
abilities
predicted.
One
of
the
most
well-
established
and
studied
dyslexia
deficits
is a
core
phonological
deficiency.
This
difficulty
affects
the
processing
and
manipulation
of
units
of
sounds
in
a
spoken
language.
People
with
dyslexia
often
find
it
harder
to
learn,
retain,
and
retrieve
the
representation
of
sounds
in
their
native
language.
1
W
H
A
T
E
X
A
C
T
L
Y
I
S
DYSLEXIA?
The
prevalence
of
dyslexia
in
the
population
varies
across
studies.
Generally,
it
can
range
b
e
t
w
ee
n
5
%
to
2
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
p
eo
p
l
e
.
Although
dyslexia
is
a
life-long
difficulty,
the
impacts
vary
across
the
lifespan.
For
example,
an
adult
who
has
had
sufficient
exposure
to
reading
over
the
years
may
show
reduced
impairment
in
reading
accuracy
and
fluency
compared
to
a
child,
even
though
the
spelling
difficulty
may
persist.
2
www.totalcommunication.com.sg
IS
IT
COMMON?
TOTAL
COMMUNICATION
3
Many
worry
if
dyslexia
runs
in
the
family,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
ll
y
i
f
o
t
h
e
r
f
a
m
il
y
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
difficulty
with
reading
or
writing
C
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
h
a
v
e
f
o
u
n
d
h
a
v
e
skills.
s
o
m
e
genetic
components
of
dyslexia
that
remain
to
be
narrowed
down
to
pinpoint
the
gene
responsible
for
reading
difficulty.
Indeed,
there
is a
genetic
risk
for
dyslexia
in
a
family
with
a
history
of
reading
that
having
the
risk
does
not
equate
to
having
the
disorder
because
of
epigenetics.
IS
IT
INHERITED?
TOTAL
COMMUNICATION
www.totalcommunication.com.sg
4
HOW
TO
IDENTIFY?
Getting
a
diagnosis
might
be
daunting
if
you
feel
that
you
or
someone
you
know
has
dyslexia.
Fortunately,
dyslexia
testing
does
not
involve
needles
but
a
comprehensive
evaluation
with
professionals
such
as
educational
psychologists.
During
this
evaluation,
the
psychologist
will
analyse
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
t
i
n
e
n
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
u
c
h
a
s
ability,
verbal
language
s
k
ill
s
,
p
h
o
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
b
ili
t
i
e
s
,
s
p
e
lli
ng
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
abilities
in
conjunction
with
developmental
background.
Only
qualified
professionals
can
diagnose
dyslexia.
TOTAL
COMMUNICATION
www.totalcommunication.com.sg
5
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
difficulties
w
i
t
h
a
cc
u
r
a
c
y
a
n
d
f
l
u
e
n
c
y
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
o
f
d
y
s
l
e
x
i
a
a
r
e
in
word
reading.
Other
problems
that
arise
in
tandem
with
impaired
reading
are
poor
phonological
awareness,
verbal
short-term
memory,
p
h
o
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
r
a
p
i
d
n
a
m
i
n
g
,
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
o
f
s
p
ee
c
h
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
,
p
r
o
c
e
ss
i
ng
speed,
and
nonword
repetition.
People
with
dyslexia
may
also
present
with
social-emotional
symptoms
such
as
anxiety,
poor
self-esteem
or
self-image,
and
negative
thought
patterns.
PRIMARY
SYMPTOMS
TOTAL
COMMUNICATION
www.totalcommunication.com.sg
AVAILABLE
INTERVENTIONS
There
are
a
myriad
of
reading programs
that
have
been
shown
to
help
children
with
dyslexia.
Here
at
Total
Communication
Therapy,
we
u
s
e
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
mm
e
s
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
h
e
r
a
p
i
s
t
s
,
a
n
d
g
e
t
t
h
e
r
a
p
y
.
P
a
r
e
n
t
s
c
a
n
c
o
n
s
u
l
t
o
u
r
a
r
e
c
o
mm
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
suitable
for
them.
TOTAL
COMMUNICATION
6
www.totalcommunication.com.sg
www.totalcommunication.com.sg
+
6
5
9
11
5
88
9
5
enquiries@totalcommunication.com.sg
1
0
W
i
n
s
t
e
d
t
R
o
a
d
,
B
l
o
c
k
A
#
0
2
-
0
1
,
SINGAPORE
227977
C
O
NN
E
C
T
N
O
W
TOTAL
COMMUNICATION
At TotalCommunication, we specialize in innovative dyslexia treatment solutions in Singapore. Our expert team is dedicated to providing personalized support and evidence-based therapies tailored to each individual's needs. We understand the unique ch
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TOTAL COMMUNICATION WHAT EXACTLY IS DYSLEXIA? www.totalcommunication.com.sg
W HA T EX A C TLY IS D Y S L E X I A ? 1 Dyslexia someone of average or high intelligence. This implies that their significantly lower than what their cognitive abilities predicted. One of the most well- established and studied dyslexia deficits is a core phonological deficiency. is a reading impairment for reading skill is This difficulty affects the processing and manipulation of units of sounds in a spoken language. People with dyslexia often find it harder to learn, retain, and retrieve the representation of sounds language. in their native www.totalcommunication.com.sg
TOTAL COMMUNICATION 2 IS IT C O M M O N ? The prevalence of dyslexia in the population varies across studies. Generally, it can range between 5%to 20%of the people. Although dyslexia is a life-long difficulty, the impacts vary across example, an adult who has had sufficient exposure to reading over the years may show reduced impairment accuracy and fluency compared to a child, even though the spelling persist. the lifespan. For in reading difficulty may www.totalcommunication.com.sg
TOTAL COMMUNICATION 3 IS IT INHERITED? Many worry if dyslexia runs in the family, especially if other family members difficulty with reading Chromosomal studies genetic components of dyslexia that remain to be narrowed down to pinpoint the gene responsible for reading difficulty. have skills. some or writing found have Indeed, there is a genetic risk for dyslexia in a family with a history of reading impairment, undiagnosed. However, it is also assuring that having the risk does not equate to having the disorder because of epigenetics. whether diagnosed or www.totalcommunication.com.sg
TOTAL COMMUNICATION 4 HOW TO IDENTIFY? Getting a diagnosis might be daunting if you feel that you or someone you know has dyslexia. Fortunately, dyslexia testing does not involve needles but a comprehensive evaluation with professionals educational psychologists. such as During this evaluation, the psychologist will analyse cognitive ability, verbal phonological abilities, spelling and other abilities in conjunction with developmental background. Only qualified can diagnose dyslexia. pertinent information such as skills, language professionals www.totalcommunication.com.sg
TOTAL COMMUNICATION 5 PRIMARY SYMPTOMS The difficulties word reading. Other problems that arise in tandem with impaired phonological awareness, verbal short-term memory, phonology, speech perception, processing speed, and nonword repetition. main symptoms of dyslexia are in with accuracy and fluency reading are poor rapid naming, learning of People with dyslexia may also present with social-emotional symptoms such as anxiety, poor self-esteem or self-image, and negative thought patterns. www.totalcommunication.com.sg
TOTAL COMMUNICATION AVAILABLE INTERVENTIONS There are a myriad of reading programs that have been shown to help children with dyslexia. 6 Here at Total Communication Therapy, we use various programmes and educational therapy. Parents can consult our a educational recommendation suitable for them. therapists, for and get an intervention www.totalcommunication.com.sg
TOTAL COMMUNICATION CO N N ECT N O W www.totalcommunication.com.sg + 65 91 1 5 8895 enquiries@totalcommunication.com.sg 1 0 Winstedt Road,Block A #02-01 , SINGAPORE 227977
