Visual Pathways and Optic Nerve Disorders

Explore the anatomy of visual pathways, optic nerve anomalies, and various pathologies like coloboma, papilledema, and neuropathies. Discover images depicting normal and abnormal optic disc findings, providing insights into diagnosis and management of visual disorders.

• Visual Pathways
• Optic Nerve
• Eye Anatomy
• Optic Disc
• Ocular Pathologies

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1. Onemocnn zrakov drhy Synek, S. KOO

2. Anatomie zrakov drhy a porucha zornho pole dle lokalizace Intrabulb rn st Retrobulb rn st (NO) Chiasma (CH) Tractus opticus (TO) Corpus geniculatum laterale (CGL) Radiatio optica (RO)

3. Vrozen anomlie Colobom zrakov ho nervu Hypoplasie zrakov ho nervu Jamka ter e zrakov ho nervu

4. Jamka n. optici a kolobom Optic nerve pits Fig. 13.17 oval, grayish temporal depressions in the papillary tissue (arrow). These are Optic disc coloboma Fig. 13.18 with a funnel-shaped depression with whitish tissue and a peripapillary pig- ment ring. The retinal vessels do not branch from a central venous or arte- rial trunk. The optic disc is enlarged,

5. Normln nlez na stnici Normal optic disc Vein Cilioretinal vessel Artery Neuroretinal Optic cup rim Fig. 13. 2 Typical signs of a normal pupil include a yellowish-orange neuroretinal rim sharply set off from the retina.

6. Pseudopapiledm u hypermetropie Pseudopapilledema Fig. 13. 6 Circular blur- ring of the margin of the optic disc, with absence of the optic cup.

7. Myelinov obaly nervovch vlken Myelinated nerve fibers Fig. 13. 7 As they are myeli- nated, the nerve fibers appear whitish and striated and can simulate seg- mental blurring of the margin.

8. Jin fyziologick nlezy na zrakovm nervu Bergmeister s papilla Bergmeisterova papila-. Poz statek art. Hyaloidea Fig. 13. artery, forming a veil-like epipapillary membrane overlying the surface of the optic disc, are seen on the nasal side. 8 Remnants of the hyaloid Optic disc drusen Fig. 13. lobular deposits (drusen) make the optic disc ap- pear elevated with blurred margins and without an optic cup. 9 The yellowish Dr zy zrakov ho nervu

9. Ischemick neuropatie zrakovho nervu Arteriosklerotick (bezp znak ) Arteritick (teplota, vysok sedimentace, z n tliv posti en art. Temporalis Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) Fig. 13. 12 a The su- perior and inferior segments of the mar- gin of the optic disc are obscured (arrows) due to edema. This is a typical morphologic sign of AION. Continue

10. Temporaln arteritis Fig. 13. 13 The prominent tem- poral arteries are painful on palpa- tion and have no pulse.

11. Neuritis nervi optici Centr ln skotom Bolesti p i pohybu oka Porucha zrakov ostrosti Omezen p m zornicov reakce Etiologie: infek n choroby-Lues, Lymesk choroba, z n ty dutin, autoimunitn choroby- Sclerosis multiplex, Crohnova choroba, lupus erythematosus, toxick - methylalkohol, olovo, chloramfenikol

12. Neuritis n. optici Intraokul rn papilitis (vid me p ekrven zrakov ho nervu, otok) Retrobulb rn (n lez na s tnici m e b t fyziologick )

13. Papilitis Papillitis Fig. 13. 11 a, b a Papillitis in Lyme dis- ease. The margin of the optic disc is slightly ob- scured by edema and hy- peremia of the head of the optic nerve. The optic cup is obscured. Continue

14. Retrobulbrn neuritis

15. Edm zrakovho nervu Oboustrann Zv en nitrolebe n ho tlaku P ina 60% nitrolebn n dor, nitrolebn krv cen , encephalitis, meningitis M asnou f zi, pokro ilou a atrofickou Papilledema Fig. 13.10 a Early phase of papil- ledema. The nasal margin of the optic disc is par- tially obscured. The optic disc is hyperemic due to dilatation of the capillar- ies, and the optic cup is still visible. b Acute stage. The optic disc is increasingly ele- vated and has a gray to grayish-red color. Radial hemorrhages around the margin of the optic disc and grayish-white exu- dates are observed. The optic disc can no longer be clearly distinguished. Continue

16. Atrofie zrakovho nervu Prost Sekund rn s neostr mi okraji Glaukomov N sledn - u pigmentov degenerace s tnice, Leberova atrofie zrakov ho nervu Primary atrophy of the optic nerve Fig. 13.14 optic disc is well defined and pale. The neuroretinal rim is atrophied, resulting in a flat- tened optic disc. The Secondary atrophy of the optic nerve Fig. 13.15 optic disc is ele- vated and pale due to prolifera- tion of astro- cytes. The

17. Nsledn atrofie u pigmentov degenerace s tnice atrofie flava Waxy pallor optic atrophy Fig. 13.16 pallor optic atro- phy is associated with tapetoreti- nal degeneration. Waxy

18. Nitroon ndory zrakovho nervu Benign Hemangiom Astrocytom Melanocytom

19. Retrobulbrn ndory zrakovho nervu Gliom vych z z nervov tk n Meningeom- vych z z obal Postupn sni ov n zrakov ostrosti- atrofie zrakov ho nervu Exophtalmus Atrofie zrakov ho nervu