Violence Against Women Indicators for Global Monitoring
Violence against Women:
Indicators for the
Post-2015 Agenda
Agreeing on violence against women indicators for
global monitoring
Violence against Women:
Indicators for the Post-2015
Agenda
Agreeing on violence against women indicators
for global monitoring
Claudia Garcia-Moreno
Department of Reproductive Health and
Research, World Health Organization
•
WHO's role in data collection on violence
against women (VAW)
•
Selecting VAW indicators: the discussions
•
Selecting VAW indicators: the framework
•
Selecting VAW indicators: the criteria
•
The selected indicators
Overview
WHO's role in VAW data collection
•
WHO Multi-country study on
women's health and domestic
violence against women (10
initial countries, 2005, and
now over 20)
•
Global and regional estimates
on prevalence and health
effects of intimate partner
violence and non-partner
sexual violence (2013)
•
Global and regional estimates
of IPV related homicide (2013)
•
Database on IPV prevalence in
Global Health Observatory
Why should
violence against women
be included in the post-2015 agenda?
•
Violence against women (VAW):
a
major public health problem, a human
rights violation and one of the most oppressive forms of gender inequality.
•
Approx.
35% of women worldwide
have experienced either non-partner
sexual violence or physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence.*
•
Gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls
is one of the 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
proposed for the post-2015
development agenda.
VAW
impedes the achievement of this and other
development goals.
•
Consensus that
ending VAW
is central to promote gender equality
and
sustainable development:
CEDAW
, Millennium Declaration, ICPD+20
, Beijing
+
20, CSW and
the
consultative processes of the post-2015 agenda.
•
Eliminating all forms of violence against all women and girls
**:
proposed as
target of the SDG on gender equality. Must include indicators to
monitor
worldwide progress.
•
22-23 June 2014, Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO)
convened a meeting of
25 high-level international experts and
UN partners
→ government agencies, civil society, UN agencies,
academics and other relevant actors.
•
Objective
: to build consensus on indicators
for global
monitoring of the progress achieved by States on ending
violence against women. These
indicators could then be
recommended for consideration in the post-2015 agenda.
•
Participants reviewed different indicators and discussed each
indicators’ strengths, weaknesses and feasibility of
measurement
.
Selecting VAW indicators:
the discussions
Selecting VAW indicators:
the framework
•
VAW is a complex, multifaceted and multilevel phenomenon. In order to
select indicators that reflect key aspects of this complexity, the expert
group proposed focusing on
3 fundamental dimensions
:
1.
The magnitude of VAW
–
Comparable measurements of the
proportion of women subjected to different forms of violence =
opportunity to understand the epidemiology of the problem.
2.
The underlying causes of VAW
–
Patriarchal/inequitable gender
norms and attitudes, in particular, those that tolerate VAW.
3.
The response of States to prevent violence and respond to survivors
–
must involve a multi-sectoral approach (education, health, social
services, communities, justice and security). Policy commitments
must be followed by the allocation of funds to these sectors.
Selecting VAW indicators: the criteria
•
Six indicators
were
selected by consensus → do not meet every criterion, but enable to
push the violence prevention and response agenda forward. Finally, the group
recommended
four indicators
for consideration in the post-2015 agenda, as follows:
The selected indicators
The selected indicators
(cont)
Experts convened by the World Health Organization discussed and selected indicators for global monitoring of violence against women, focusing on the magnitude of violence, underlying causes, and state responses. The framework proposed reflects the complex nature of violence against women and emphasizes the need for a multi-sectoral approach and policy commitments followed by adequate funding.
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Presentation Transcript
Violence against Women: Indicators for the Post-2015 Agenda Agreeing on violence against women indicators Violence against Women: Indicators for the Post-2015 Agenda for global monitoring Claudia Garcia-Moreno Agreeing on violence against women indicators for global monitoring Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization
Overview WHO's role in data collection on violence against women (VAW) Selecting VAW indicators: the discussions Selecting VAW indicators: the framework Selecting VAW indicators: the criteria The selected indicators
WHO's role in VAW data collection WHO Multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women (10 initial countries, 2005, and now over 20) Global and regional estimates on prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence (2013) Global and regional estimates of IPV related homicide (2013) Database on IPV prevalence in Global Health Observatory
Selecting VAW indicators: the discussions 22-23 June 2014, Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) convened a meeting of 25 high-level international experts and UN partners government agencies, civil society, UN agencies, academics and other relevant actors. Objective: to build consensus on indicators for global monitoring of the progress achieved by States on ending violence against women. These indicators could then be recommended for consideration in the post-2015 agenda. Participants reviewed different indicators and discussed each indicators strengths, weaknesses and feasibility of measurement.
Selecting VAW indicators: the framework VAW is a complex, multifaceted and multilevel phenomenon. In order to select indicators that reflect key aspects of this complexity, the expert group proposed focusing on 3 fundamental dimensions : 1. The magnitude of VAW Comparable measurements of the proportion of women subjected to different forms of violence = opportunity to understand the epidemiology of the problem. 2. The underlying causes of VAW Patriarchal/inequitable gender norms and attitudes, in particular, those that tolerate VAW. 3. The response of States to prevent violence and respond to survivors must involve a multi-sectoral approach (education, health, social services, communities, justice and security). Policy commitments must be followed by the allocation of funds to these sectors.
Selecting VAW indicators: the criteria Reflecting States accountability Relevant for policymakers Internationally consensus-based Measurable over time and linked to targets Strong impact on sustainable development Basic good indicators Global comparison Relevant Valid, feasible, and reliable Specific and precise Time-bound Regularly produced Agreed international definition Comparable Clear, easy to interpret and to communicate Enable assessment of trends Widely applicable Available and supported by quantitative data Six indicators wereselected by consensus do not meet every criterion, but enable to push the violence prevention and response agenda forward. Finally, the group recommended four indicators for consideration in the post-2015 agenda, as follows:
The selected indicators The magnitude of VAW 1. Proportion of ever- partnered women (aged 15-49) who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former husband/male intimate partner in the last 12 months. 1,2 Underlying causes of VAW 4. Proportion of women (and/or men if available) who think that a man is justified in beating his wife/partner in at least one circumstance. States responses to VAW 3. Specific budget line in one or more ministerial budgets (e.g. health, judicial, social protection) allocated for implementing VAW programming (response and/or prevention). Percentage of women who experienced violence in the last 12 months who seek help from formal institutions. 2. Proportion of women (aged 20-29) who have ever experienced sexual violence by a non- partner from the age of 15 onwards. 3,4 Proportion of reported cases of rape in the last 12 months that are prosecuted. Indicators recommended for inclusion in the post-2015 agenda, in order of ranking
The selected indicators Indicator Why is it important? The magnitude of violence against women Fulfil most of the main criteria. Address the most common types of violence against women. 1. women (aged 15-49) who experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former husband/male intimate partner in the last 12 months. Proportion of ever-partnered Internationally agreed upon. Data has been collected for several years from many countries. Allow for comparison across countries. Enable greater understanding about the epidemiology of violence against women and girls. 2. Proportion of women (aged 20-29) who have ever experienced sexual violence by a non-partner from the age of 15 onwards. Can be considered proxy indicators that reflect several aspects of the change we want to observe in order to achieve the target of elimination of violence against women and girls.
(cont) Indicator Why is it important? States responses to violence against women 3. Specific budget line in one or more ministerial budgets (e.g. health, judicial, social protection) allocated for implementing violence against women programming (response and/or prevention). Imperfect proxy for State accountability and responsiveness, but suggests level of commitment to implement plans & actions. No mechanism to consistently measure this indicator currently exists, but global monitoring of this indicator can encourage States to translate into action their policy commitments as stated in signed / ratified international agreements (as has been done for HIV/AIDS). Underlying causes of violence against women Assesses the degree to which partner violence is normative. Perpetration and victimization of violence against women are higher among those who accept or justify abuse than those who do not.1 4. Proportion of women (and/or men if available) who think that a man is justified in beating his wife/partner in at least one circumstance. Measures incremental change in the right direction over time, as decrease in the prevalence of VAW is expected to take many years. Addresses the mostsocially acceptable form of violence. There are internationally agreed questions commonly asked by different surveys.
