Understanding Subject-Verb Agreement in English Grammar

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In this multimedia class session, Assistant Head-teacher Uttam Adhikary introduces the concept of subject-verb agreement, emphasizing the importance of matching singular subjects with singular verbs and plural subjects with plural verbs. Through engaging examples and presentations, students will learn to identify and use the correct verb forms based on the subject in English sentences. The session aims to enhance students' skills in proper verb usage and understanding exceptions to the basic rules of subject-verb agreement.

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UA Welcome to all to attend multimedia Class uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 1

UA Identity Subject Uttam Adhikary [ BA Hon s , MA, B Ed, M Ed ] Assistant Head-teacher, Mahilara A. N. High School Gournadi, Barishal. E-mail cum Cellphone: uttam01712310595@gmail.com English (Grammar) For Class- VIII uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 2

UA What can you imagine by these sentences and clues? Let s go to the next Page. He likes playing the guitar. They like playing the guitar. He likes They like Focus Words Focus Words uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 3

UA What is indicated by fact that has happened in the sentences? It is called the agreements of verb with subjects. He likes playing the guitar. Singular Subject + Singular Subject They like playing the guitar. Plural Subject + Plural Subject uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 4

UA Today s Lesson Agreement of Verbs with Subjects uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 5

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects learning Outcomes After the End of the lesson, students will be able to- * identify correct form of verb after subject, * use verb after subject properly, * uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 6

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Presentation- As Below: uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 7

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects In English, subject-verb agreement is important. What this means is that the characteristics of the subject should be reflected in the verb. Basic Rule: A singular subject (for example- she, John, car) takes a singular verb (is, goes, shines), whereas a plural subject takes a plural verb. i. ii. We see you. She sees you. Examples Exceptions to the Basic rule: The first person pronoun I takes a plural verb (I go, I drive). The basic form of the verb is used after certain main verbs such as watch, see, hear, feel, help, let, and make. Example: He watched Ronaldo score the winning goal. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 8

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 1. If the subject is singular, the verb must be singular too. I. II. He was a student. She writes every day. Examples Note: s or es is added at the end of the verb when the subject is 3rd person, singular number and present indefinite tense. Exception: Be verb = am, is, and modal Modal verb except do, need dare) Exception > When using the singular "they," use plural verb forms. Example: The participant expressed satisfaction with their job. They are currently in a managerial role at the organization. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 9

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Some Nouns always remain in Plural Form Shoes Binoculars Eyes Gloves Spectacles Pants Nuptials Scissors Entrails uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 10

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Some Nouns always remain in Plural Form Mumps Measles Bellows Pliers Jaws Shears billiards uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 11

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 2.If the subject is plural, the verb must also be plural. Example: They write every day. Some confusing plural nouns always accept plural verbs. Such as: spectacles, scissors, shoes, aborigines, billiards, eyes, entrails, measles, mumps, trousers, shorts, pants, jaws, glasses, pliers, shears, bellows, etc. Examples i. ii. My spectacles are broken. The scissors are blunt. But, If any numeral Adjective, such as: brace, gross, dozens, pair, hundred, thousand, score, fathom is used before upper any Noun, it will be singular form Examples i. ii. One dozens of bananas is sufficient. A pair of shoes is on the rack. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 12

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 3. When the subject of the sentence is composed of two or more nouns or pronouns connected by and, use a plural verb. Examples The doctoral student and the committee members write every day. i. ii. The percentage of employees who called in sick and the number of employees who left their jobs within 2 years are reflective of the level of job satisfaction. But note these exceptions: Breaking and entering is against the law. The bed and breakfast was charming. Slow and steady wins the race. The Headmaster and Secretary is present. (Same person) In those sentences, breaking and entering and bed and breakfast are compound nouns. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 13

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 4. When there is one subject and more than one verb, the verbs throughout the sentence must agree with the subject. Examples i. Interviews are one way to collect data and allow researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of participants. ii. An assumption is something that is generally accepted as true and is an important consideration when conducting a doctoral study. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 14

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 5. When a phrase comes between the subject and the verb, remember that the verb still agrees with the subject, not the noun or pronoun in the phrase following the subject of the sentence. Examples i. ii. The student with all the master s degrees is very motivated. iii. Strategies that the teacher uses to encourage classroom participation include using small groups and clarifying expectations. iv. The focus of the interviews was nine purposively selected participants. The student, as well as the committee members, is excited. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 15

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 6. When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by "or" or "nor," use a singular verb. Examples 1. The chairperson or the CEO approves the proposal before proceeding. 2. He or his brother is guilty. 3. Dia or Ria was eligible for the gift. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 16

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 7. When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by "or" or "nor," the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is closest to the verb. This is also called the rule of proximity. Examples The student or the committee members write every day. I. II. The committee members or the student writes every day. Like upper noun or pronoun joined by not only ------- but also the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is closest to the verb. This is also called the rule of proximity. Examples i. ii. Not only rose but also hibiscus attracts our attention. Not only she but also her sisters are beautiful. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 17

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by such words as with, along with, as well as, besides, in addition, accompanied by, not, etc. These words and phrases are not part of the subject. Ignore them and use a singular verb when the subject is singular they do not follow the 2nd subject. Examples 1. The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly. 2. The manager, not workers is accused of. 3. Karim as well as his brothers is meritorious. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 18

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 8. The words and phrases "each," "each one," "either," "neither," "everyone," "everybody," "anyone," "anybody," "nobody," "somebody," "someone," and "no one" are singular and require a singular verb. Examples i. ii. iii. I will offer a $5 gift card to everybody who participates in the study. iv. No one was available to meet with me at the preferred times. Each of the participants was willing to be recorded. Neither alternative hypothesis was accepted. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 19

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Material Noun always remains in Singular Form Rice Oil Sugar Juice Chips Spice Iron uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 20

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 9. Generally noncount nouns (Subject, disease, material or abstract nouns) take a singular verb. Examples i. ii. Diabetes affects many people around the world. iii. The information obtained from the business owners was relevant to include in the study. iv. The research I found on the topic was limited Education is the key to success. Use a singular verb with distances, periods of time, sums of money, etc., when considered as a unit. Examples: Three miles is too far to walk. Five years is the maximum sentence for that offense. Ten dollars is a high price to pay. BUT Ten dollars (i.e., dollar bills) were scattered on the floor. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 21

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Some countable and abstract nouns only have a plural form. Amends Thanks Tidings Annals Odds Auspices uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 22

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects goods, assets, earnings, alms, auspices, 10. Some countable and abstract nouns in English such as wadges, surroundings, proceeds, environments, odds, annals, vitals, thanks, and valuables only have a plural form and take a plural verb. contents, amends, tidings, Examples i. ii. iii. Locally produced goods have the advantage of shorter supply chains. The earnings for this quarter exceed expectations. The proceeds from the sale go to support the homeless population in the city. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 23

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Some nouns only have a plural form. Aborigines The Khans The Mughal The Chakmas The Santals The British The Blacks uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 24

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects The name of religious communities, clans, races or tribes are plural and they take plural verbs. Examples 1. 2. The Pathans were India from Afghanistan. 3. The Buddhists are the worshipers of great Buddha. The Mughals are famous for their architectural activities. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 25

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 11. In sentences beginning with "there is" or "there are," the subject follows the verb. Since "there" is not the subject, the verb agrees with what follows the verb. Example: There is little administrative support. Example: There are many factors affecting teacher retention. More Examples: There are four hurdles to jump. There is a high hurdle to jump. Here are the keys. NOTE: The word there's, a contraction of there is, leads to bad habits in informal sentences like There's a lot of people here today, because it's easier to say "there's" than "there are." Take care never to use there's with a plural subject. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 26

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects 12. Collective nouns are words that imply more than one person but are considered singular and take a singular verb. Some examples are "group," "team," "committee," "family," and "class." Examples i. ii. The committee agrees on the quality of the writing. The group meets every week. However, the plural verb is used if the focus is on the individuals in the group. This is much less common. Example: The committee participate in various volunteer activities in their private uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 27

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Rule 13. With words that indicate portions e.g., a lot, a majority, some, all . If the noun after of is singular, use a singular verb. If it is plural, use a plural verb. Examples i. ii. A lot of the pies have disappeared. iii. Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared. iv. Fifty percent of the pies have disappeared. v. Athird of the city is unemployed. vi. Athird of the people are unemployed. vii. All of the pie is gone. viii. All of the pies are gone. A lot of the pie has disappeared. Note- Some teachers, editors, and the SAT testing service, perhaps for convenience, have considered none to be strictly singular. However, authorities agree that none has been both singular and plural since Old English and still is. If in context it seems like a singular to you, use a singular verb; if it seems like a plural, use a plural verb. When none is clearly intended to mean "not one," it is followed by a singular verb. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 28

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Rule 14. The word were replaces was in sentences that express a wish or are contrary to fact: Example: If Joe were here, you'd be sorry. Shouldn't Joe be followed by was, not were, given that Joe is singular? But Joe isn't actually here, so we say were, not was. The sentence demonstrates the subjunctive mood, which is used to express a hypothetical, wishful, imaginary, or factually contradictory thought. The subjunctive mood pairs singular subjects with what we usually think of as plural verbs. Examples i. ii. She requested that he raise his hand. iii. The foreman demanded that Joe wear safety goggles. I wish it were Friday. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 29

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Some Nouns seem Plural but Singular Politics Gallows News Small Pox Where abouts uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 30

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Rule-15. Some Nouns seem Plural but Singular but they take singular verb. Examples i. ii. The news is false. iii. Small pox attacks him. Physics is my favourite subject. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 31

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Rule-16. After relative pronoun verb is formed according to antecedent word. Examples i. ii. Fling away the mangoes which are rotten. It is I who am a student. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 32

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Rule-17. Adjective has no plural form but, if the is used before this word then it forms a common plural noun. Examples i. ii. The cowards die many times. The brave deserve the fair. uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 33

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Asking and Answering Asking and Answering uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 34

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Solve the following questions. 5 Minutes Pair Work -1 Fill in the blanks showing the agreement of verb in bracket with the subject. has a) The income of the workers ---------------- (has/have) been lessened. b) One ---------------- (has/have) to obey one s parents. c) The quality of the mangoes --------------- (is/are) good. d) The students in classroom -------------- (is/are) polite. e) There ------------------ (stands/stand) a big tree in front of our school. f) The cock ------------------- (crows/crow) in the morning. g) The United States of America ------------ (is/are) a powerful country. h) The horse and carriage ------------- (has/have) cost him three thousands TK. i) The headmaster and secretary -------------- (have/has) attended the program. j) The students of our school ------------- (are/is) disciplined. has is are stands crows is have has are Click here and Check Answer uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:55 PM 35

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Solve the following questions. 5 Minutes Pair Work -2 Fill in the blanks showing the agreement of verb in bracket with the subject. is has a) These are the books which --------------- (is/are) costly. b) The leader with his followers --------------- (has/have) chanted slogan. c) The Arabian Nights --------------- (delights/delight) many readers. d) The collections of members --------------- (is/are) very difficult. e) None of us --------------- (is/are) getting younger. f) All that glitters --------------- (is/are) not gold. g) All s well that --------------- (end/ends) well. h) Many a boy --------------- (is/are) present. i) The farmers in the field --------------- (has/have) been ploughing. j) The world Cup football --------------- (begin/begins) tomorrow. is are is is ends are have begins Click here and Check Answer uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:56 PM 36

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Feedback (According to Necessary) uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:56 PM 37

UA Agreement of Verbs with Subjects Orally Evaluation Evaluation Fill in the blanks showing the agreement of verb in bracket with the subject. (One by one) are 1) The Bengalese --------------- (is/are) courageous. was 2) The Prime Minister as well as the Ministers --------------- (was/were) present. is 3) A pair of shoes --------------- (is/are) on the rack. is 4) The picking flowers --------------- (is/are) a hobby. have 5) I --------------- (has/have) taken my meal just now. Plz Click here for Answer uttam01712310595@gmail.com 9/7/2024 11:24:56 PM 38