Understanding Mutations: Types, Causes, and Significance
Explore the world of gene mutations and chromosome mutations, including point mutations, frameshift mutations, and changes in chromosome structure. Learn about the significance of mutations, how they can be inherited or acquired, and their impact on genetic information. Uncover examples of neutral, harmful, and beneficial mutations, shedding light on the intricate nature of DNA changes.
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Presentation Transcript
Dont let this happen to you!! Don t let this happen to you!!
MUTATIONS MUTATIONS Changes in DNA that affect genetic information
Gene Mutations Gene Mutations Point Mutations changes in one or a few nucleotides Substitution THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT HAT ATE THE RAT Insertion THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT CAT XLW ATE THE RAT Deletion THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT ATE THE RAT
Gene Mutations Gene Mutations Frameshift Mutations shifts the reading frame of the genetic message so that the protein may not be able to perform its function. Insertion THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT HCA TAT ETH ERA T H Deletion THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT TEF ATC ATA TET GER AT H
Chromosome Mutations Chromosome Mutations Changes in number and structure of entire chromosomes Original Chromosome ABC * DEF Deletion Duplication Inversion Translocation AC * DEF ABBC * DEF AED * CBF ABC * JKL GHI * DEF
Significance of Mutations Significance of Mutations Most are neutral Eye color Birth marks Some are harmful Sickle Cell Anemia Down Syndrome Some are beneficial Sickle Cell Anemia to Malaria Immunity to HIV
What Causes Mutations? What Causes Mutations? There are two ways in which DNA can become mutated: Mutations can be inherited. Parent to child Mutations can be acquired. Environmental damage Mistakes when DNA is copied
