Understanding Arabic Grammar and Language Structure
In Arabic, there is no indefinite article, and the presence of nunation indicates indefiniteness. Adjectives come after nouns they qualify, and the adjective agrees with the noun in gender, number, and definiteness. The definite article "al" changes based on certain rules. Personal pronouns in Arabic cover first, second, and third persons. There are only two genders in Arabic: masculine and feminine, with no neuter. Adjectives must agree with the gender of the nouns they modify, and nouns can be proper or common.
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There is no indefinite article in Arabic, but the presence of nunation at the end of a noun indicated indefiniteness. Adjectives are placed after the nouns they qualify in the Arabic language. The adjective resembles the noun it modifies with regards to definiteness and indefiniteness among other things, such as number and gender.
When two or more adjectives modify the same noun it is not necessary to put "and" between them. . However, if the two adjectives form the predicate of a nominal sentence, "and" is often inserted between them. special cases The definite article in Arabic is al alta'reef When the definite article is attached to a noun in Arabic, nunation is removed. .
The hamza in the definite article is hamzat wasl. This disappears when it follows another word. In pronunciation, the sound l immediately follows the final sound in the preceding word. When the definite article is attached to a noun that begins with certain letters called sun-letters the definite article changes into the initial letter of the word. These letters are: - - - - - , the l of - - - - - - - -
The singular personal pronouns in Arabic are: I you (masculine) you (feminine) he/it she/it / The pronouns for he and she used to refer to things (i.e., it) since there is no neuter in Arabic. in Arabic are both
1. There are only two genders in Arabic, masculine and feminine. There is no neuter in Arabic. 2. There is no special sign for the masculine. Words are assumed to be masculine unless they belong to one of the following categories: a. Words that are feminine by virtue of their meaning: b. Words that are feminine by form, that is they end in ta' marboota. Words ending in ta' marboota are assumed to be feminine, unless known to be otherwise.
c. Words feminine by convention: Geographical names: Parts of the body: Some nouns are feminine for no apparent reason: 3. Adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in gender.
A noun is the name of a person, a place, or a thing. Types of Nouns: 1. Proper Nouns: A noun that refers to a particular person, place, or thing. A proper noun is capitalized. For example: Riyadh, Bill Clinton, the Holy Mosque. 2. Common Nouns: A noun that belongs to all members of a group or a class of objects. For example, car, library, man, bird. 3. Collective Noun: A name applied to a group as a unit. For example, family, herd, furniture. 4. Concrete Noun: A noun that names an object that can be perceived by the senses, for example, apple, noise. 5. Abstract Noun: A noun that names something that cannot be perceived by the senses. It names a quality or state of the object, for example, wisdom, truth, age, beauty.
Questions are introduced using one of two particles: or In speech , these particles are sometimes not used.
There are three cases in Arabic, and they are indicated by changing of the vowelling of the final consonant. The three cases are: - the nominative case it is indicated with a damma - the accusative- it is indicated with a fatha - the genitive- it indicated with a kasra
Every Arabic preposition takes its following noun in the genetive (i.e., prepositional phrase: ) :
When a noun is followed by another noun in the genitive it automatically loses its nunation. . When the second noun is definite, the first noun is automatically definite. A noun followed by a genitive must not take the article.
Nothing must interpose between the noun and its following genitive ( ) If the noun is to be qualified by an adjective, it must come after the genitive. It is possible to form the genitive of possession with an indefinite genitive, but in such cases the noun remains indefinite.
