Uncovering Russian Plant Names: PhytoLex Database Project
undefined
PhytoLex
–
the database of
Russian
Phytonyms:
from idea
to implementation
Kolosova Valeria
Zaytseva Ksenia
Kovalenko Kira
Purposes
of the project
•
t
o collect plant names mentioned in the Russian text from
11
th
to 17
th
centuries
•
supply plant names with contexts describing their
outlook, function
s
and legends, connected with them
•
identify
unknown Russian
plant names
•
find out
the time and ways of borrowing (for loanwords),
changes in their spelling and meaning
Why is i
t
necessary?
Historical corpora
•
Historical sub-corpus in the National corpus of the Russian language
(
http://ruscorpora.ru
)
•
Manuscript
(
http://www.manuscripts.ru
)
•
Corpus Cyrillo-Methodianum Helsingiense
(
http://www.helsinki.fi/slaavilaiset/ccmh/
)
•
Old Slavonic Corpus of the University of South California
(
http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~pancheva/HistoricalSyntaxSouthSlavic.html
)
Why is i
t
necessary?
Historical corpora
http://ruscorpora.ru/search-old_rus.html
Why is i
t
necessary?
Historical dictionaries
•
Sreznevsky I.I.
Materials for a Dictionary of the Old Russian Language.
Vol. 1-3. 1893-1912.
•
A Dictionary of the Old Russian Language of the 11
th
-14
th
Centuries
]. 1988-.
•
A Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 11
th
-17
th
Centuries
]. 1975-.
•
A Dictionary of Quotidian Russian of Muscovite Russia of the 16
th
-17
th
Centuries
. 2004-.
•
Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages. Proto-Slavic lexical stock
]. 1974-.
… some regional historical dictionaries
Why is i
t
necessary?
Lacunae in the
historical
dictionaries
Etymological dictionary Modern Russian language
of Slavic languages
*baranьcь > баранец
*bedrenьcь > бедренец
*gorikvĕtъ > горицвет
*gorьcь > горец
Why is i
t
necessary?
Late time of the first occurring in text
дубъ (
oak)
–
12
th
c
.
лебеда, лобода
(orach)
–
13
th
c
.
береза
(birch)
–
15
th
c
.
кленъ
(maple)
–
15
th
c
.
беленъ
(henbane)
–
16
th
c
.
алоэ
(aloe)
–
17
th
c
.
голубица
(blueberry)
–
17
th
c
.
девесилъ,
деветильникъ
(elecampane)
–
17
th
c
.
Why is i
t
necessary?
Insufficient semantisation
желтяника
‘название растения’ [
SlRL
XI–XVII 5: 86]
zheltyanika
’a name of a plant’
кроватникъ
‘название травянистого растения’ [
SlRL
XI–XVII 8: 61]
krovatnik
’a name of the herbaceous plant’
драчие
‘название лекарственного растения’ [
SlRL
XI
-
XVII
4: 351]
drachie
’a name of a medicinal plant’
Why is i
t
necessary?
Insufficient semantisation:
Зеленичие,
с. Название одного из видов деревьев с
вечнозелеными листьями. Зеленичие
есть древо тако
нарицаемо
понеже оно и лѣтѣи зимѣлиствиезелено имать;
листвие же его
подобно зелию на немже ростут черницы ягоды. Алф.
1
, 88 об.
XVII в. [Сл. XI-XVII в., т. 5, с. 369].
Zelenichie
,
neutral.
Name of an evergreen tree. Zelenichie is a tree
so called because it has green leaves both in summer and in winter
and its leaves are like those of blueberry.
Azbukovnik, 88r, 17
th
c.
Why is i
t
necessary?
Зеленичие, есть древо, иже и лѣте и зимѣ листвие зелено има
т
,
а
листвие его подобно зелию на немже черницы ягода
ростутъ
{грамм
ати
к
} (Азб. РНБ, Q.XVI.20, л.91)
Zelenichie is a tree
which
has green leaves both in summer and in
winter and its leaves are like those of blueberry
(Grammar book)
.
Lavrentiy Zizaniy’s Lexicon < Bible, Isaiah book
41:19
πύξον ‘
boxtree
, Buxus sempervirens’
Research group
Head:
Kolosova Valeria
Members of the project:
Molkov Georgy
Ippolitova Alexandra
Olekhnovic Olga
Khudin Kirill
Kovalenko Kira
Schekin Alexey
Zaytseva Ksenia
Research group
Head:
Kolosova Valeria
Members of the project:
Molkov Georgy
Old Russian texts (11
th
-15
th
c.)
Ippolitova Alexandra
herbal books
Olekhnovic Olga
documents
Khudin Kirill
of the Apothecary Chancery
Kovalenko Kira
handwritten lexicons
Schekin Alexey
historical documents
Zaytseva Ksenia
technical implementation
Data model
Technical implementation
Database: PostgreSQL
Django framework (Python)
Javascript (leaflet js for geovisualization)
HTML, CSS
Controlled vocabularies - SKOS
Each term is modeled as
skos:Concept
List of terms is modeled as
skos:Collection
All terms are in one
skos:ConceptScheme
Hierarchical lists
(3 levels)
-
Function (168 concepts)
-
Genre (55 concepts)
Flat lists
-
Medicinal form (28 concepts)
-
Plant part (30 concepts)
-
Translation
method (9 concepts)
S
KOS modelling example
Search
options
plant names of a particular period
plant names of a particular
text or
gen
re
plant names
for
the same plant
c
itations with plant description
c
itations with etiological legend
plants gown or bought in specific regions
source languages of borrowing
and others
Main challenges
Preface to the Russian handwritten lexicon
Тако
ж
неискуснiи книжницы пишут и ины многи рѣчи развратно и бж҃ественому, пишут бо в
лѣствиц в̾ слове еж к пастырю сице: блюдися, аки от некоторы ереси, а достоит писати ересиве, а
не ереси, не вѣдуще, яко ино е
с
ере
с
и ино сут ересива, ере
с
бо толкуется невѣрiе, а ересива
сказуется трава, еяж сѣмя, обрѣтающеся во п̾шеницы, чернъ быти творит хлѣб пшеничныи <...>
Еще
ж
неискуснiи писцы пишут в лѣствицы въ, к҃е, мъ слове вмѣсто китръ кедры, не разумѣюще,
яко ино есть китры и ино кедры.
Also, unskillful authors write other many words corruptedly and not in God’s way,
because they write in the Ladder [of Divine Ascent], in the word to a priest, like that:
beware like of some
eres
(heresy), and one should write
eresiva
(honeydew), not
eres
(heresy), not knowing that
eres
is not
eresiva
, for
eres
is not believing and
eresiva
is a
herb, and its seed, being in wheat, makes the wheat bread black <…>
Also unskillful authors write in the Ladder
kedry
(cedars) instead of
kitry
(citron-tree),
not understanding, what
kedry
are and what
kitry
are.
Main challenges
Data modelling
Plant names identification:
●
unknown semantic
●
wrong spelling:
ἡδύοσμος
> *
идиосмосъ
>
д
и
осмо
съ
σκόροδον
> *
скордо
>
кордо
Σ
υκόμορος
> *
сикамориумъ
>
и
камориоум
ъ
Current sta
g
e
Current sta
g
e
Current sta
g
e
First discoveries
Literary sources of the Russian handwritten lexicons’ entries
Китра, е
с
ть ягода велика подобна дыни, вкусом̾ же кисла, а сродна есть неражми (!). древоже
имать китра невелико и вишни мен̾ши, егдаже плодъ родитъ, возвѧзываютъ его наверхъ древа
// и смирѧютъ верхъ древа и
х
к земли, и тако ражаютъ плодъ добръ. аще не бы сице смирили
верхъ еи, не бы плодъ созрѣлъ, но еще зеленъ отпалъ бы, сиѧ китры списатель лѣствицы,
приведе въ притчю смиреномудрия. въ, к҃е. гл҃вѣ своеѧ ему книги
{лѣ
с
. к҃е. и житие великого
ануѳрия великого, о повѣсти с҃тгорьскои.
} (Азб.
Q
.
XVI
.20, л. 120 об. - 121).
Kitra
(kind of lemon) is a large berry looking like a melon, it has sour taste and is related
to orange. The tree is not big, smaller than cherry tree, and when it brings fruit, it is tied
to the tree-top // and bend the tree-top to the ground, and so they bring good fruit. If the
top had not been bent the fruit would not have ripened, but would have fallen down
while still green. These
kitras
the author of the Ladder mentions in a fable about humility
in chapter 25 of his book (Life of Onuphrius the Great, Tale about the Saint mount Athos).
First discoveries
Literary sources of the lexicons’ entries
The Tale about Saint mount Athos
«Во святѣй же горе Аѳоньстей овощiя сiя суть: ...китра велика есть подобна дыни, вкусомъ же
кисла есть, сравни неранжи; дерево жъ имать китра невелико, еще вишни меншее; егда же плодъ
родитъ, возвязываютъ камень на верхъ древа ей и смиряютъ верхъ к земли, и тако раждаетъ
плоды добры; аще бы не сице смирили верхъ ей, не бы плодъ свой созрѣла, но еще зелен плодъ
ее опалъ бы есть» [Сказание о святой Афонской горе 1882: 23]
Ladder of Divine Ascent of John the Climacus
Иоанн Лествични
к, Лествица,
Слов
о
25 «Об искоренителе страстей, высочайшем
смиренномудрии, бывающем в невидимом чувстве»: «Бесплодьство i
естьствомъ. на высоту
г҃лемыхъ китръ. вѣѧ възвышаiеть. преклоньша же сѧ въскорѣ плодьны бывають» (РГБ, ф. 304.I, л.
136об.);
First discoveries
A dictionarie of the vulgar Russe tongue: attributed to Mark. Ridley ed. from
the late-sixteenth-century manuscripts and with an introd. by Gerald
Stone. Koln; Weimar; Wien, 1996
аворт. Asaru[m].
supposingly
, Asarum europaeum L.
Копытень европейский
алошникъ. populus.
Populus L.
, includes various types of poplars and also aspen. But
Russian name allows to suggest that it is alder-tree (compare dialect names:
вильха,
вольха, елоха, елха, елшина, лешинник, олешник, олех, ольшняк
)
Further development
A dictionary of the Russian plant names
Database development
Dialect plant names
East Slavonic plant names
Crowd sourcing
Thank you
for your attention!
The PhytoLex database project aims to collect and analyze Russian plant names from historical texts, shedding light on their origins, meanings, and cultural significance. By exploring old manuscripts and dictionaries, the project seeks to bridge gaps in knowledge and enhance understanding of plant names through a historical lens.
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PhytoLex the database of Russian Phytonyms: from idea to implementation KolosovaValeria Zaytseva Ksenia Kovalenko Kira
Purposes of the project to collect plant names mentioned in the Russian text from 11thto 17thcenturies supply plant names with contexts describing their outlook, functions and legends, connected with them identify unknown Russian plant names find out the time and ways of borrowing (for loanwords), changes in their spelling and meaning
Why is it necessary? Historical corpora Historical sub-corpus in the National corpus of the Russian language (http://ruscorpora.ru) Manuscript (http://www.manuscripts.ru) Corpus Cyrillo-Methodianum Helsingiense (http://www.helsinki.fi/slaavilaiset/ccmh/) Old Slavonic Corpus of the University of South California (http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~pancheva/HistoricalSyntaxSouthSlavic.html)
Why is it necessary? Historical corpora http://ruscorpora.ru/search-old_rus.html
Why is it necessary? Historical dictionaries Sreznevsky I.I. Materials for a Dictionary of the Old Russian Language. Vol. 1-3. 1893-1912. A Dictionary of the Old Russian Language of the 11th-14thCenturies]. 1988-. A Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 11th-17thCenturies]. 1975-. A Dictionary of Quotidian Russian of Muscovite Russia of the 16th-17th Centuries. 2004-. Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages. Proto-Slavic lexical stock]. 1974-. some regional historical dictionaries
Why is it necessary? Lacunae in the historical dictionaries Etymological dictionary Modern Russian language of Slavic languages *baran c > *bedren c > *gorikv t > *gor c >
Why is it necessary? Late time of the first occurring in text (oak) 12thc. , (orach) 13thc. (birch) 15thc. (maple) 15thc. (henbane) 16thc. (aloe) 17thc. (blueberry) 17thc. , (elecampane) 17thc.
Why is it necessary? Insufficient semantisation [SlRL XI XVII 5: 86] zheltyanika a name of a plant [SlRL XI XVII 8: 61] krovatnik a name of the herbaceous plant [SlRL XI-XVII 4: 351] drachie a name of a medicinal plant
Why is it necessary? Insufficient semantisation: , . . ; . .1, 88 . XVII . [ . XI-XVII ., . 5, . 369]. Zelenichie, neutral. Name of an evergreen tree. Zelenichie is a tree so called because it has green leaves both in summer and in winter and its leaves are like those of blueberry. Azbukovnik, 88r, 17thc.
Why is it necessary? , , , { } ( . , Q.XVI.20, .91) Zelenichie is a tree which has green leaves both in summer and in winter and its leaves are like those of blueberry (Grammar book). Lavrentiy Zizaniy s Lexicon < Bible, Isaiah book 41:19 boxtree, Buxus sempervirens
Research group Head: Kolosova Valeria Members of the project: Molkov Georgy Ippolitova Alexandra Olekhnovic Olga Khudin Kirill Kovalenko Kira Schekin Alexey Zaytseva Ksenia
Research group Head: Kolosova Valeria Members of the project: Old Russian texts (11th-15thc.) herbal books documents of the Apothecary Chancery handwritten lexicons historical documents technical implementation Molkov Georgy Ippolitova Alexandra Olekhnovic Olga Khudin Kirill Kovalenko Kira Schekin Alexey Zaytseva Ksenia
Technical implementation Database: PostgreSQL Django framework (Python) Javascript (leaflet js for geovisualization) HTML, CSS
Controlled vocabularies - SKOS Each term is modeled as skos:Concept List of terms is modeled as skos:Collection All terms are in one skos:ConceptScheme Hierarchical lists (3 levels) - Function (168 concepts) - Genre (55 concepts) Flat lists - - - Medicinal form (28 concepts) Plant part (30 concepts) Translation method (9 concepts)
Search options plant names of a particular period plant names of a particular text or genre plant names for the same plant citations with plant description citations with etiological legend plants gown or bought in specific regions source languages of borrowing and others
Main challenges Preface to the Russian handwritten lexicon i , : , , , , , , i , , , , <...> i , , , , . Also, unskillful authors write other many words corruptedly and not in God s way, because they write in the Ladder [of Divine Ascent], in the word to a priest, like that: beware like of some eres (heresy), and one should write eresiva (honeydew), not eres (heresy), not knowing that eres is not eresiva, for eres is not believing and eresiva is a herb, and its seed, being in wheat, makes the wheat bread black < > Also unskillful authors write in the Ladder kedry (cedars) instead of kitry (citron-tree), understanding, what kedry are and what kitry are.
Main challenges Data modelling Plant names identification: unknown semantic wrong spelling: > * > > * > > * >
First discoveries Literary sources of the Russian handwritten lexicons entries , , , (!). , , // , . , , , , . , . { . . , .} ( . Q.XVI.20, . 120 . - 121). Kitra (kind of lemon) is a large berry looking like a melon, it has sour taste and is related orange. The tree is not big, smaller than cherry tree, and when it brings fruit, it is tied to the tree-top // and bend the tree-top to the ground, and so they bring good fruit. If the top had not been bent the fruit would not have ripened, but would have fallen down while still green. These kitras the author of the Ladder mentions in a fable about humility in chapter 25 of his book (Life of Onuphrius the Great, Tale about the Saint mount Athos).
First discoveries Literary sources of the lexicons entries The Tale about Saint mount Athos i i : ... , , ; , ; , , ; , , [ 1882: 23] Ladder of Divine Ascent of John the Climacus , , 25 , , : i . . i . ( , . 304.I, . 136 .);
First discoveries A dictionarie of the vulgar Russe tongue: attributed to Mark. Ridley ed. from the late-sixteenth-century manuscripts and with an introd. by Gerald Stone. Koln; Weimar; Wien, 1996 . Asaru[m]. supposingly, Asarum europaeum L. . populus. Populus L., includes various types of poplars and also aspen. But Russian name allows to suggest that it is alder-tree (compare dialect names: , , , , , , , , )
Further development A dictionary of the Russian plant names Database development Dialect plant names East Slavonic plant names Crowd sourcing
Thank you for your attention!
