UCR Offense Classification and Reporting
undefined
Categorizing Offenses Known to Law
Enforcement according to UCR Program
Offense Definitions
Classifying and Scoring
Part I Offenses in UCR
Classifying Offenses
Determining the proper crime categories in which to report
offenses in the UCR Program
Classifying ensures laws are consistently and uniformly
recorded in UCR
All applicable NYS Laws assigned a UCR Offense Code
Resources for Classifying NYS Laws
NYS Coded Law File
– Downloads for local Records Management Systems
UCR Law Section Reference Table
– UCR offense classification by NYS law
UCR Cross Reference Table
– NYS law by UCR offenses classification
Scoring Offenses
Counting the number of offenses after they have been
classified
Score attempts to commit a crime as though the crime was
completed
Exception to this applies to attempts to murder when the
victim does not die should be scored as aggravated assaults
Types of Crime
Crimes Against Persons
–
One Offense counted for each victim
(e.g. Murder, Rape, Aggravated Assault)
Crimes Against Property
–
One Offense counted for each distinct
operation or attempt (e.g. Robbery, Burglary, Larceny-Theft, Arson)*
*For Motor Vehicle Theft one offense is counted per stolen vehicle or
for each attempt to steal a motor vehicle
The Hierarchy Rule
When a crime incident involves more than one offense,
only the highest ranking offense is counted
All other offenses in the incident are ignored for crime
reporting purposes
Hierarchy Rule Exceptions
:
Motor Vehicle Theft and Arson
Criminal Homicide
Murder & Non-Negligent Manslaughter
Definition:
The willful (non-negligent) killing of one
human being by another.
Deaths caused by injuries sustained in a fight, argument, assault or
commission of a crime (except DWI) =
Murder
Example:
PL 125.25 sub 2 - Murder: Depraved Indifference
Do NOT include suicides, fetal deaths, traffic
fatalities, accidental deaths, assaults to murder, and
attempts to murder
Criminal Homicide
Negligent Manslaughter
Definition:
The killing of a person through gross
negligence.
Example:
PL 125.11- Aggravated Criminally Negligent
Homicide
NOT included in Index Crime counts published by
NYS and the Federal UCR Program
Rape – Expanded Definition
Definition:
Penetration, no matter how slight, of the
vagina or anus with any body part or object; or oral
penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the
consent of the victim.
Incapable of giving consent due to:
Mental capacity (temporary or permanent)
Physical capacity (temporary or permanent)
Age
Includes statutory rape
Physical Resistance is NOT required to demonstrate lack of consent
Rape (Pre 2013) vs. Rape (2013 Expanded)
Rape (Pre 2013)–
All penal laws previously included
under Rape (Forcible).
Rape (2013 Expanded)–
Penal laws not previously
included under Rape (Forcible), that are classified under
the new Rape definition.
See the UCR Cross Reference Table for a complete listing
of laws classified under Rape (Pre 2013) and Rape (2013
Expanded)
Rape (Pre 2013)
Definition:
The carnal knowledge of a
female
forcibly
and against her will
Incapable of giving consent due to:
Age
Mental capacity (temporary or permanent)
Physical capacity (temporary or permanent)
Does
NOT
include statutory rape
Example:
PL 130.30 sub 2 - Rape 2nd: Intercourse with Person
Incapable of Consent-Mentally Disable
Rape (Pre 2013) – Weapon Subclasses
Handgun
Other Firearm
Other Weapon
Fear (No Weapon)
Does NOT apply to Rape (2013 Expanded)
Robbery
Definition:
The taking or the attempting to take anything
of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or
persons, by force or threat of force or violence and/or by
putting the victim in fear.
Larceny + Force = Robbery
Example:
PL 160.10 sub 3 - Robbery 2nd: Motor Vehicle
Robbery - Weapon Subclasses
Handgun
–
Weapon designed to be held with one/both hands
Other Firearm
–
Long Guns: Rifle or Shotgun
Knife or Cutting Instrument
–
Knife, Broken Bottle, Razor, Ice
Pick, or Other Cutting/Stabbing Instrument
Other Dangerous Weapon
–
Club, Explosives, Acid, Brass
Knuckles, Mace, Pepper Spray, or Other Dangerous Weapon etc.,
Strong Arm
–
Hands, Fists, Feet, etc.
Robbery - Location Subclasses
Highway/Street/Alley
Gas Station
Convenience Store
Bank
Other Commercial Building
Residence
Misc.
Aggravated Assault
Definition:
An unlawful attack by one person upon
another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated
bodily injury.
Usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means
likely to produce death or great bodily harm.
Classify attempted murder as Aggravated Assault
Not necessary that injury result from aggravated assault
Example:
PL 120.14 sub 1 -
Menacing-2nd:Weapon
Aggravated Assault - Weapon Subclasses
Handgun
Other Firearm
Knife or Cutting Instrument
Other Dangerous Weapon
Strong-arm – Hands, Fists, Feet, etc.
Aggravated Assault - Location Subclasses
Street
Public Building
Residence
Other
Burglary (Breaking or Entering)
Definition:
The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a
theft or a felony (includes intent to commit).
Forcible Entry
Unlawful Entry – No Force
Attempted Forcible Entry
Example:
PL 140.20: Burglary-3rd Degree: Illegal Entry
w/Intent to Commit a Crime
Hotel Rule
If a number of units under a single manager are
burglarized and the offenses are most likely to be
reported by the manager rather than individual tenants,
the burglary must be reported as a single offense.
Examples:
hotel rooms, rooms in a flop house, rooms in a youth
hostel, and units in a motel
Exception to the Hotel Rule
The Hotel Rule does NOT apply to living areas
where a tenant is not considered transient.
Examples:
apartments in an apartment building, college dorm
rooms, etc.
Larceny-Theft
(Except MV Theft)
Definition:
The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or
riding away of property from the possession of another.
Example:
PL 155.25 -Petit Larceny
Do NOT include Motor Vehicle Theft
Larceny-Theft Types
Pocket Picking
Purse Snatching
Shoplifting
Thefts From Motor Vehicles
Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories
Theft of Bicycles
Theft From Coin-Operated Device or Machine
All Other
Motor Vehicle Theft
Definition:
The theft or attempted theft of a
motor vehicle.
Includes all self-propelled vehicles that run on land and
not on rails
(cars, trucks, all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, etc.)
Limited to NYS Penal Laws specific to motor vehicle
theft
PL 155.30 sub 8: Grand Larceny- 4th:Motor Vehicle Value
Exceeds $100
Unauthorized Use (only PL 165.05 sub 1, PL 165.06, PL 165.08)
Motor Vehicle Theft: MV Type
Automobiles:
sedans, station wagons, coupes, convertibles,
SUVs, minivans, taxis
Trucks and Busses:
pickup trucks, cargo vans, self-propelled
motor home
Other Vehicles:
snowmobiles, motorcycles, motor scooters,
trail bikes, mopeds, ATVs, go-carts, mini-bikes, golf carts and
motorized wheel chairs
Arson
Definition:
Any willful or malicious burning or attempt
to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling
house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal
property of another.
Example:
PL 150.05 –Arson 4th: Recklessly Damage Building or
Motor Vehicle
Do NOT include fires of suspicious or unknown origin
Arson Property Types
Structural:
single occupancy residential, other residential,
storage, industrial/manufacturing, other commercial,
community/public, all other structures
Mobile:
motor vehicle, other mobile property (trailers, boats,
airplanes.
Other:
all property not classified as structural or mobile
Includes
crops, timber, fences, signs, and merchandise stored outside
Cautions in Classifying Arson
Establish the point of origin of the fire.
Classify arson under subcategory of the point of origin
Car set on fire which spreads to adjacent home would be classified
under Mobile-Motor Vehicle.
When point of origin is undetermined or there are multiple
points of origin, report the arson under the category of
property with the greatest fire damage.
The Hierarchy Rule does NOT apply to Arson
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services
Crime Reporting Unit
1-800-262-3257
Email:
crimereporting@dcjs.ny.gov
UCR Reference Materials:
www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/crimnet/ojsa/crimereporting/ucr_refmanuals.htm
UCR Training Resources:
www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/crimnet/ojsa/crimereporting/ucr_training.htm
Contact Information/
DCJS Website Resources
Explore the process of classifying and scoring offenses in the UCR program, categorizing crimes known to law enforcement according to defined criteria. Learn about the hierarchy rule, types of crimes, and how criminal homicides are classified. Proper classification ensures consistency and accuracy in recording crimes for legal reporting purposes.
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Presentation Transcript
Classifying and Scoring Part I Offenses in UCR Categorizing Offenses Known to Law Enforcement according to UCR Program Offense Definitions
Classifying Offenses Determining the proper crime categories in which to report offenses in the UCR Program Classifying ensures laws are consistently and uniformly recorded in UCR All applicable NYS Laws assigned a UCR Offense Code Resources for Classifying NYS Laws NYS Coded Law File Downloads for local Records Management Systems UCR Law Section Reference Table UCR offense classification by NYS law UCR Cross Reference Table NYS law by UCR offenses classification
Scoring Offenses Counting the number of offenses after they have been classified Score attempts to commit a crime as though the crime was completed Exception to this applies to attempts to murder when the victim does not die should be scored as aggravated assaults
Types of Crime Crimes Against Persons One Offense counted for each victim (e.g. Murder, Rape, Aggravated Assault) Crimes Against Property One Offense counted for each distinct operation or attempt (e.g. Robbery, Burglary, Larceny-Theft, Arson)* *For Motor Vehicle Theft one offense is counted per stolen vehicle or for each attempt to steal a motor vehicle
The Hierarchy Rule When a crime incident involves more than one offense, only the highest ranking offense is counted All other offenses in the incident are ignored for crime reporting purposes Hierarchy Rule Exceptions: Motor Vehicle Theft and Arson
Criminal Homicide Murder & Non-Negligent Manslaughter Definition: The willful (non-negligent) killing of one human being by another. Deaths caused by injuries sustained in a fight, argument, assault or commission of a crime (except DWI) = Murder Example: PL 125.25 sub 2 - Murder: Depraved Indifference Do NOT include suicides, fetal deaths, traffic fatalities, accidental deaths, assaults to murder, and attempts to murder
Criminal Homicide Negligent Manslaughter Definition: The killing of a person through gross negligence. Example: PL 125.11- Aggravated Criminally Negligent Homicide NOT included in Index Crime counts published by NYS and the Federal UCR Program
Rape Expanded Definition Definition: Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object; or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim. Incapable of giving consent due to: Mental capacity (temporary or permanent) Physical capacity (temporary or permanent) Age Includes statutory rape Physical Resistance is NOT required to demonstrate lack of consent
Rape (Pre 2013) vs. Rape (2013 Expanded) Rape (Pre 2013) All penal laws previously included under Rape (Forcible). Rape (2013 Expanded) Penal laws not previously included under Rape (Forcible), that are classified under the new Rape definition. See the UCR Cross Reference Table for a complete listing of laws classified under Rape (Pre 2013) and Rape (2013 Expanded)
Rape (Pre 2013) Definition: The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will Incapable of giving consent due to: Age Mental capacity (temporary or permanent) Physical capacity (temporary or permanent) Does NOT include statutory rape Example: PL 130.30 sub 2 - Rape 2nd: Intercourse with Person Incapable of Consent-Mentally Disable
Rape (Pre 2013) Weapon Subclasses Handgun Other Firearm Other Weapon Fear (No Weapon) Does NOT apply to Rape (2013 Expanded)
Robbery Definition: The taking or the attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons, by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. Larceny + Force = Robbery Example: PL 160.10 sub 3 - Robbery 2nd: Motor Vehicle
Robbery - Weapon Subclasses Handgun Weapon designed to be held with one/both hands Other Firearm Long Guns: Rifle or Shotgun Knife or Cutting Instrument Knife, Broken Bottle, Razor, Ice Pick, or Other Cutting/Stabbing Instrument Other Dangerous Weapon Club, Explosives, Acid, Brass Knuckles, Mace, Pepper Spray, or Other Dangerous Weapon etc., Strong Arm Hands, Fists, Feet, etc.
Robbery - Location Subclasses Highway/Street/Alley Gas Station Convenience Store Bank Other Commercial Building Residence Misc.
Aggravated Assault Definition: An unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. Usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Classify attempted murder as Aggravated Assault Not necessary that injury result from aggravated assault Example: PL 120.14 sub 1 - Menacing-2nd:Weapon
Aggravated Assault - Weapon Subclasses Handgun Other Firearm Knife or Cutting Instrument Other Dangerous Weapon Strong-arm Hands, Fists, Feet, etc.
Aggravated Assault - Location Subclasses Street Public Building Residence Other
Burglary (Breaking or Entering) Definition: The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a theft or a felony (includes intent to commit). Forcible Entry Unlawful Entry No Force Attempted Forcible Entry Example: PL 140.20: Burglary-3rd Degree: Illegal Entry w/Intent to Commit a Crime
Hotel Rule If a number of units under a single manager are burglarized and the offenses are most likely to be reported by the manager rather than individual tenants, the burglary must be reported as a single offense. Examples: hotel rooms, rooms in a flop house, rooms in a youth hostel, and units in a motel
Exception to the Hotel Rule The Hotel Rule does NOT apply to living areas where a tenant is not considered transient. Examples: apartments in an apartment building, college dorm rooms, etc.
Larceny-Theft (Except MV Theft) Definition: The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another. Example: PL 155.25 -Petit Larceny Do NOT include Motor Vehicle Theft
Larceny-Theft Types Pocket Picking Purse Snatching Shoplifting Thefts From Motor Vehicles Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts and Accessories Theft of Bicycles Theft From Coin-Operated Device or Machine All Other
Motor Vehicle Theft Definition: The theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. Includes all self-propelled vehicles that run on land and not on rails (cars, trucks, all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, etc.) Limited to NYS Penal Laws specific to motor vehicle theft PL 155.30 sub 8: Grand Larceny- 4th:Motor Vehicle Value Exceeds $100 Unauthorized Use (only PL 165.05 sub 1, PL 165.06, PL 165.08)
Motor Vehicle Theft: MV Type Automobiles: sedans, station wagons, coupes, convertibles, SUVs, minivans, taxis Trucks and Busses: pickup trucks, cargo vans, self-propelled motor home Other Vehicles: snowmobiles, motorcycles, motor scooters, trail bikes, mopeds, ATVs, go-carts, mini-bikes, golf carts and motorized wheel chairs
Arson Definition: Any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another. Example: PL 150.05 Arson 4th: Recklessly Damage Building or Motor Vehicle Do NOT include fires of suspicious or unknown origin
Arson Property Types Structural: single occupancy residential, other residential, storage, industrial/manufacturing, other commercial, community/public, all other structures Mobile: motor vehicle, other mobile property (trailers, boats, airplanes. Other: all property not classified as structural or mobile Includes crops, timber, fences, signs, and merchandise stored outside
Cautions in Classifying Arson Establish the point of origin of the fire. Classify arson under subcategory of the point of origin Car set on fire which spreads to adjacent home would be classified under Mobile-Motor Vehicle. When point of origin is undetermined or there are multiple points of origin, report the arson under the category of property with the greatest fire damage. The Hierarchy Rule does NOT apply to Arson
Contact Information/ DCJS Website Resources NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services Crime Reporting Unit 1-800-262-3257 Email: crimereporting@dcjs.ny.gov UCR Reference Materials: www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/crimnet/ojsa/crimereporting/ucr_refmanuals.htm UCR Training Resources: www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/crimnet/ojsa/crimereporting/ucr_training.htm
