The Tragic Tale of the Olympic and Titanic: Safety, Disasters, and Captain Smith
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Recognise this Ship?
White Star’s
The Olympic
Two sister ships…
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Olympic Class of White Star Steamers
•
Developed by JP Morgan’s White Star shipping
group
•
Constructed by Harland & Wolff in Belfast included
The Olympic, The Titanic
and
The Britannic
•
Designed to compete with Cunard & German
Shippers on the prestigious transatlantic crossing in
the early 1900s
•
Built for affluent travelers offering high-speed luxury
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The Olympic
–
Prelude to Disaster
•
21
st
Jun 1911
Upon commissioning crashed into & almost
sunk
O.L. Halenbeck
in Manhattan
•
20
th
Sep 1911
Crashed into the Naval Cruiser the
HMS
Hawke
in Southampton
•
24
th
Feb 1912
Knocked off one of its twenty-six tone
propellers on a well-known wreck in the
Grand Banks
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Captain Edward J. Smith
•
27th Jan 1889:
Ran The Republic aground in New
York
•
1st Dec 1890:
Ran The Coptic aground in Rio de
Janeiro
•
4th Nov 1909:
Ran The Adriatic aground outside
New York
•
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Titanic - Tragic Circumstances
•
14
th
April 1912
–
Smith received at least six warnings of Ice
field from ships at dead stop in the area
–
No binoculars in the crow’s nest meant that
early warning was near impossible
–
Titanic sped toward ice field at 22.5 knots vs
a recommended 10 knots in such conditions
•
Safety Response Capability
–
Lifeboats on the ship had been reduced from
sixty-four boats to twenty-two in lieu of more
expansive promenades
–
The officers on board The Titanic had not
trained with the lifeboats and were unsure of
their holding capacity
–
There was not a standing safety-response plan..
the ‘Women and Children first’ response was a
reaction more than a previously-agreed plan
7
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•
Motivations for this speed
–
Desire to break the transatlantic speed
record as encouraged by J. Bruce Ismay MD
of White Star who was on board for the
maiden voyage
The Results
Lives Saved: 705
Total passengers: 2205
Lives Lost: 1500
Max Lifeboat Capacity: 1600
•
It wasn’t until 45 minutes after the collision that
officers commenced preparing the lifeboats
•
Twenty lifeboats were launched
•
Officers feared that the ship’s winches would not hold
the weight of the recommended 70 people
•
All but the last few lifeboats floated were half-filled
•
It is a fact that had the Officers filled the lifeboats per
their specification an additional 600+ people could
have been saved
8
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Could it have been prevented?
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“….”
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“…..”
Read statement – quite powerful no?
Would you agree?
A good part of today will be spent talking about how to improve safety and operating standards – so I just want to take you through a few slides to illustrate some of the challenges.
Two sister ships, the Olympic and the Titanic, faced tragic fates due to safety concerns and mishaps. The Olympic endured several accidents before the Titanic's ill-fated voyage. Captain Edward J. Smith's history of incidents raised questions about his leadership. The Titanic's lack of safety measures and mismanagement contributed to the disaster, highlighting the importance of prioritizing safety in maritime operations.
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Presentation Transcript
Safety outweighing Safety outweighing every other consideration? every other consideration? 1
Recognise this Ship? White Star s The Olympic
Two sister ships The Olympic: Commissioned 14th June 1911 The Titanic: Commissioned 11th April 1912
Olympic Class of White Star Steamers Developed by JP Morgan s White Star shipping group Constructed by Harland & Wolff in Belfast included The Olympic, The Titanic and The Britannic Designed to compete with Cunard & German Shippers on the prestigious transatlantic crossing in the early 1900s Built for affluent travelers offering high-speed luxury Reference: The Riddle of the Titanic , Gardiner et. al. Orion, 1998
The Olympic Prelude to Disaster Damage to the Olympic from the HMAS Hawke impact 21st Jun 1911 Upon commissioning crashed into & almost sunk O.L. Halenbeck in Manhattan 20th Sep 1911 Crashed into the Naval Cruiser the HMS Hawke in Southampton 24th Feb 1912 Knocked off one of its twenty-six tone propellers on a well-known wreck in the Grand Banks Reference: The Riddle of the Titanic , Gardiner et. al. Orion, 1998 Captained by Edward J. Smith. 5
Captain Edward J. Smith 27th Jan 1889: Ran The Republic aground in New York 1st Dec 1890: Ran The Coptic aground in Rio de Janeiro 4th Nov 1909: Ran The Adriatic aground outside New York History of running ships too fast through narrow passages and of not adequately training his officers Reference: The Riddle of the Titanic , Gardiner et. al. Orion, 1998 Captain Smith was commissioned to command the Titanic
Titanic - Tragic Circumstances 14th April 1912 Safety Response Capability Lifeboats on the ship had been reduced from sixty-four boats to twenty-two in lieu of more expansive promenades Smith received at least six warnings of Ice field from ships at dead stop in the area The officers on board The Titanic had not trained with the lifeboats and were unsure of their holding capacity No binoculars in the crow s nest meant that early warning was near impossible There was not a standing safety-response plan.. the Women and Children first response was a reaction more than a previously-agreed plan Titanic sped toward ice field at 22.5 knots vs a recommended 10 knots in such conditions Motivations for this speed Desire to break the transatlantic speed record as encouraged by J. Bruce Ismay MD of White Star who was on board for the maiden voyage Reference: The Riddle of the Titanic , Gardiner et. al. Orion, 1998 7
The Results Lives Saved: 705 Total passengers: 2205 Lives Lost: 1500 Max Lifeboat Capacity: 1600 It wasn t until 45 minutes after the collision that officers commenced preparing the lifeboats Twenty lifeboats were launched Officers feared that the ship s winches would not hold the weight of the recommended 70 people All but the last few lifeboats floated were half-filled It is a fact that had the Officers filled the lifeboats per their specification an additional 600+ people could have been saved Reference: The Riddle of the Titanic , Gardiner et. al. Orion, 1998 8
Safety outweighing Safety outweighing every other consideration? every other consideration? Was the framed notice in the chart room of every White Star liner in 1912 9
Could it have been prevented? Consequences Controls Active Procedural Passive Barriers Design and Construction Asset Operation/ Early Warning Systems Asset Operation/ Safe Operating Limits Leadership Behaviours People & Competencies Design & Construction People & Competencies Emergency Response . . .. Check that employees in safety-critical roles are competent to do the job Executive Rules Examples of Do not set conflicting targets Display visible commitment to Safety Construct all equipment with inherently safer design principles Conduct regular checks to check early warning systems are functional Define and stick to safe operating limits HAZARD REALIZATION Ship hits iceberg 1500 Fatalities HAZARD Ship on High Ocean Damage to bulkhead Ship sinks There was no emergency response/ standing safety plan in place No binoculars in crows nest Desire to break the transatlantic speed record encouraged by the White Star MD Design didn t take into account damage beyond front watertight bulkhead Max lifeboat capacity was far less than total number of passengers on board Captain J Smith had a history of running ships too fast through narrow passages Breaks in Barriers Titanic sped toward ice field at 22.5 knots vs a recommended 10 knots Officers had not trained with the lifeboats and were unsure of their holding capacity Most incidents happen as a result of several barriers failing: processes not in place or not followed, accountabilities not clear, lack of competencies and/or assurance 10
