The Rise and Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte (1799-1815)

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Napoleon Bonaparte's ascent to power from military general to Emperor of France during the Napoleonic Era marked by coups, reforms, and controversial coronation. His reign brought significant reforms to economy, society, and religion, focusing on economic stability, social order, religious freedoms, and legal changes. Despite controversies, his impact on France and Europe was profound.

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The Napoleonic Era 1799-1815

Napoleon Bonparte 1769-born in Corsica Attended military school in France Joins army of the National Assembly Becomes general of the French Army by Directory in 1799. savior of the Republic after successful cannonade to ward off conservatives

Coup d'etat Coup d etat=stroke the state November 9, 1799 Napoleon uses his military prestige and success to overthrow the Directory Believed the Directory to be corrupt and not interested in promoted the betterment of French welfare

French Consolate November 10, 1799- French Consulate in place 3 leaders called Consuls 1stConsul- Napoleon Bonaparte 2ndConsul- Napoleon s brother Lucien Bonaparte 3rdConsul-former Director- Sieyes Napoleon drafts a new constitution naming him as 1stconsul of France for life unbeknownst to the other consuls

Napoleon becomes Emperor Plebiscite= vote of YES or NO on specific question 1800- plebiscite votes YES-1stConsul of France 1802-plebiscite votes YES-1stConsul of France for life 1804-plebiscite votes YES- EMPEROR OF FRANCE

Napoleon's Coronation December 2, 1804 Napoleon s Coronation at Notre Dame Cathedral He crowns himself -big controversy- WHY??

Napoleon's Reforms Makes good and lasting changes to economy, society, and religion. Enlightened but did limit some rights as well. Reforms focused on four areas: Economic Order Social Order Religious Order Legal Order

Economic Order Slowed inflation Balanced budget National Bank Controlled circulation of money Paid off debt Sold Louisiana Territory to President ?? What was this purchase called? Who explored the territory?

Social Order Welcomed migr s (nobles) back on good behavior Promoted officials by merit not nobility Set up Lycees (public schools)

Religous Order Establish CONCORDAT New relationship b/w church and state Allowed freedom of religion Promoted Catholicism as great majority and true religion of France Eliminated any political control of Pope

Legal Order Established the Napoleonic Code of Laws Set of 101 new laws establishing strong sense of law and order Many laws still in use today Equality under the law Censured newspapers Reduced women s rights Restored slavery in French Colonies

Military Mastermind Military genius Expert in use of artillery Developed innovative artillery strategy still in use today Father of modern artillery warfare

Napoleon: The Conquerer Napoleon quickly forced his power across Europe Battle of Austerlitz-December 1805 Invades Austria Forces emperor to make peace and forms alliance Battle of Jena-October 1806 Invades Prussia Forces King to make peace and forms alliance

Napoleon: The Conqueror Battle of Friedland: June 1807 Fought in Poland Against Russians Forces Czar Alex I to the bargaining table PEACE OF TILSIT Napoleon can have western of Poland and all of Europe Alex I can have eastern of Poland and all Ottoman Empire Peaceful coexistence Non-aggression Pact

Napoleon learns he's not invincible Battle of Trafalgar: October 1805 Massive naval battle against British Royal Navy GB lead by Admiral Horatio Nelson Fought off coast of Spain Big loss for Napoleon Nelson shot by sniper and dies moments after hearing the British won This loss sets Napoleon on a obsessive mission to get Great Britain

Napoleon's Europe

Napoleon's ego gets in his way he becomes blinded by success and makes three decisive mistakes 1. Continental System 2. The Peninsular War 3. Invasion of Russia

Continental System 1806 GOAL: to make Europe self-sufficient from GB Blockaded GB goods into Europe GB blockades back European economy suffers Causes War of 1812

Penninsular War 1808-1813 Goal: Make brother Joe King of Spain and take Portugal from GB Spanish guerrillas fight in the name of NATIONALISM Napoleon never gets Portugal and Joe never gets the crown Napoleon losses 300,000 men

Invasion of Russia June, 1812 GOAL: quickly take Russia as punishment for breaking Continental System Invades with Grand Army of 400,000 men Scorched-earth policy sucks him in Never get Russia December, 1812-Returns with 10,000 men Beginning of the end for Napoleon

Kick him when he's down Europe has Napoleon at his weakest and decide to attack Grand Alliance takes him on and wins Exiled to Elba, but returns; Last 100 days Finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by Wellington Exiled again but much further away St. Helena Dies on the island in 1821 Why don t they just kill em?

Now that he's gonewhat do we do? Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) AGENDA: Restore order and stability in Europe 4 weeks of meetings turned into 8 months Ring Leader and Host Klemensvon Metternich Foreign Minister of Austria Put down the Experiments of Democracy Major conservative Wants to restore all rightful monarchs to the throne

Legitimacy Balance of Power Containment of France Klemens von Metternich

Metternich's Agenda 3 Major Goals Encirclement of France Strengthen countries around France Prevent French aggression Balance of Power Strengthen weaker countries to offset France s size and power Legitimacy Restore the monarchies deposed by Napoleon Uphold conservative political ideals 1. 2. 3.