The Culture of Health Care Professionals - Education, Training, and Roles
The Culture of Health Care
Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
Lecture a
This material (Comp2 Unit 2) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department
of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under
Award Number IU24OC000015. This material was updated in 2016 by Bellevue College under Award
Number 90WT0002.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
License. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
.
Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
Learning Objectives
•
Define terms used in health care and in health professionals’
education and training, including
clinician
,
patient/consumer
,
disease
, and
syndrome
.
(Lecture a)
•
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of
physicians, including those in primary care and other specialties.
(Lecture a)
•
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of
nurses, advanced practice nurses, licensed practical nurses,
medical assistants, and medication aides.
(Lecture b)
•
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of
physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, and allied health
professionals.
(Lecture c)
•
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of
paramedics, emergency medical technicians, dental professionals,
mental health professionals, and social workers.
(Lecture c)
3
Terminology
(Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, Medline Plus, 2010)
•
Health professional:
–
Provides care to the sick and injured in pre-
hospital, hospital, outpatient, home, extended-
care facilities, and other settings
–
Supports preventive care, wellness services,
and patients’ self-managed care
•
Patient/consumer:
–
Anyone seeking preventive care services,
wellness services, assistance with self-
managed care, or medical services
4
Terminology Continued
•
Clinician:
An individual qualified in the
clinical practice of medicine, psychiatry, or
psychology as distinguished from one
specializing in laboratory or research
techniques or in theory
5
Terminology Continued 2
•
Disease:
An impairment of a specific structure or
function of the body that produces symptoms
and physical findings; usually attributable to a
specific cause, such as a specific type of
bacteria causing pneumonia
•
Syndrome:
A combination of symptoms and
physical findings not easily attributable to a
specific cause. An example is carpal tunnel
syndrome, which is pain, burning, and
numbness in the hand
6
Terminology Continued 3
•
Education:
–
Formal lecture and learning activities,
including simulation and patient contact
–
Depending on the health profession, may be
on-the-job training, a certificate, associate’s
degree, bachelor
’
s degree, master
’
s degree,
or doctoral degree
•
Training:
–
Supervised clinical practice; often has
increasing level of responsibility with time
7
Terminology Continued 4
•
Certification
has several meanings:
–
Education/training certificate program typically 1 year
for medical assistants
–
National health profession organization certification
typically requires completion of an accredited
program and an exam, such as with radiologic
technologists
–
Physician board certification in a specialty or
subspecialty requires an approved
residency/fellowship and a board exam
•
State licensure is mandatory for many practicing
professionals, such as physicians and nurses
8
Physician
2.1 Figure: Hickman, 2010. Retrieved from Author. Used with Permission.
9
Physician Continued
•
Certification
–
Completion of an approved residency or
fellowship program
–
Must have a valid state medical licenses to
practice
–
Must complete a written and/or practical exam
in that specialty or subspecialty
–
Maintenance of certification
•
State licensure
–
Reciprocity among states
10
Steps of the USMLE
Travis Nimmo
CC-BY
11
Primary Care Roles
Travis Nimmo
CC-BY
12
Common Internal Medicine
Specialties and Subspecialties
•
Cardiology
•
Endocrinology
•
Gastroenterology
•
Geriatric medicine
•
Hematology and oncology
•
Infectious disease
•
Nephrology
•
Pulmonary disease and critical care medicine
•
Rheumatology
•
Genomic specialists
13
Surgical Subspecialties
•
Cardiovascular surgery
•
Colon and rectal (colorectal) surgery
•
Neurosurgery
•
Orthopedic surgery
•
Otolaryngologic surgery
•
Pediatric surgery
•
Plastic surgery
•
Urologic surgery
14
Other Specialties
•
Radiology
–
Diagnostic
–
Neuroradiology
–
Interventional
–
Pediatric
–
Radiation oncology
–
Nuclear radiology
15
Pathology
•
Blood banking/transfusion medicine
•
Cytopathology
•
Forensic pathology
•
Laboratory medicine
•
Pediatric pathology
16
Nonclinical Roles of Physicians
•
Administration
•
Teaching
•
Research
•
Public health
•
Publishing
Check out the video link for physician nonclinical
roles:
http://youtu.be/w4_FkP2ihx0
17
Nonclinical Roles for Physicians
•
Clinical or health informatics
–
Focused on effective use of clinical systems in
patient care delivery processes
–
Certifications are available in informatics for
clinicians
–
Physicians with an informatics background
can serve in a variety of roles
18
Physicians in 2025
•
Physician demand will grow faster than
supply
•
By 2025, physician demands are projected
to exceed supply by a range of 46,000 to
90,000
–
A shortfall of between 12,500 and 31,100
primary care physicians
–
A shortfall of between 28,200 and 63,700
non–primary care physicians
Association of American Medical Colleges, n.d.
19
Physicians in 2025 Continued
•
Solving the shortage requires a
multipronged approach that involves
–
Innovation in care delivery
–
Effective use of technology
–
Efficient use of all health professionals on the
care team
Association of American Medical Colleges, n.d.
20
Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
Summary – Lecture a
•
Some useful health care terminology was
explained
•
Education, training, certification, and
licensure of physicians were described
•
Primary care roles of physicians were
described
•
We examined some of specialty,
subspecialty, and nonclinical roles of
physicians
21
Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
References – Lecture a
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
AAMC (Association of Medical Colleges). (n.d.). Physician supply and demand through 2025: Key
findings. Retrieved from
https://www.aamc.org/download/426260/data/physiciansupplyanddemandthrough2025keyfindings
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. (n.d.). Accreditation. Retrieved from
http://www.acgme.org/What-We-Do/Accreditation
American Board of Medical Specialties. (n.d.). Board certification and maintenance of certification.
Retrieved from
http://www.abms.org/board-certification
American Medical Association. (n.d.). Becoming a physician. Retrieved from
http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/becoming-physician.page
American Medical Association. (n.d.). Obtaining a medical license. Retrieved from
http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/becoming-physician/medical-licensure.page
Andrews, J. (2013). Clinical informatics critical to reform. Retrieved from
http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/clinical-informatics-underpins-reform
Anonymous. (2011). Life works: Explore health and medical science careers
.
NIH MedlinePlus, the
Magazine
. Summer. Retrieved from
https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/summer11/articles/summer11pg24-25.html
CAST. (2013). Nonclinical roles of physicians [video file]. Retrieved from
http://youtu.be/w4_FkP2ihx0
22
Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
References – Lecture a
Continued
Explore Health careers.org. (n.d.). Career explorer. Retrieved from
http://explorehealthcareers.org/en/home
HRSA (Health Resources and Services Administration) Health Workforce. (n.d.). Health Workforce
Data. Retrieved from
https://bhw.hrsa.gov/health-workforce-analysis/research
MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Health occupations. Retrieved from
https://medlineplus.gov/healthoccupations.html
MedlinePlus.(2011).
Life works: Explore health and medical science careers. Retrieved from
https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/summer11/articles/summer11pg24-25.html
MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Medical dictionary. Retrieved from
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
mplusdictionary.html
National Association of Advisors for the Health Professions. (n.d.). Health professions links. Retrieved
from
http://www.naahp.org/PublicResources/HealthProfessionsLinks.aspx
U.S. News. (n.d.). Best health care jobs. Retrieved from
http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-
jobs/rankings/best-healthcare-jobs
C
h
a
r
t
s
,
T
a
b
l
e
s
,
F
i
g
u
r
e
s
2.1 Figure: Hickman, Tim, MD. University of Missouri, Kansas City (2010). Retrieved from author, used
with permission.
I
m
a
g
e
s
Slide 10: Steps of the USMLE. CC-BY by Travis Nimmo.
Slide 11: Primary Care Roles. CC-BY by Travis Nimmo.
23
The Culture of Health Care
Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
Lecture a
This material was developed by Oregon Health &
Science University, funded by the Department of
Health and Human Services, Office of the National
Coordinator for Health Information Technology
under Award Number IU24OC000015. This
material was updated in 2016 by Bellevue College
under Award Number 90WT0002.
24
No audio. Recording preparation.
Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 4.0
This material delves into the various aspects of health care professionals, including definitions, education, training, certifications, and roles of different health professions. It covers terms like clinician, patient/consumer, disease, and syndrome. The content explores the roles of physicians, nurses, physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, paramedics, dental professionals, mental health professionals, and social workers in the healthcare industry.
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The Culture of Health Care Health Professionals The People in Health Care Lecture a This material (Comp2 Unit 2) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015. This material was updated in 2016 by Bellevue College under Award Number 90WT0002. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.
Health ProfessionalsThe People in Health Care Learning Objectives Define terms used in health care and in health professionals education and training, including clinician, patient/consumer, disease, and syndrome. (Lecture a) Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of physicians, including those in primary care and other specialties. (Lecture a) Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of nurses, advanced practice nurses, licensed practical nurses, medical assistants, and medication aides. (Lecture b) Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, and allied health professionals. (Lecture c) Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of paramedics, emergency medical technicians, dental professionals, mental health professionals, and social workers. (Lecture c) 3
Terminology (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, Medline Plus, 2010) Health professional: Provides care to the sick and injured in pre- hospital, hospital, outpatient, home, extended- care facilities, and other settings Supports preventive care, wellness services, and patients self-managed care Patient/consumer: Anyone seeking preventive care services, wellness services, assistance with self- managed care, or medical services 4
Terminology Continued Clinician: An individual qualified in the clinical practice of medicine, psychiatry, or psychology as distinguished from one specializing in laboratory or research techniques or in theory 5
Terminology Continued 2 Disease: An impairment of a specific structure or function of the body that produces symptoms and physical findings; usually attributable to a specific cause, such as a specific type of bacteria causing pneumonia Syndrome: A combination of symptoms and physical findings not easily attributable to a specific cause. An example is carpal tunnel syndrome, which is pain, burning, and numbness in the hand 6
Terminology Continued 3 Education: Formal lecture and learning activities, including simulation and patient contact Depending on the health profession, may be on-the-job training, a certificate, associate s degree, bachelor s degree, master s degree, or doctoral degree Training: Supervised clinical practice; often has increasing level of responsibility with time 7
Terminology Continued 4 Certification has several meanings: Education/training certificate program typically 1 year for medical assistants National health profession organization certification typically requires completion of an accredited program and an exam, such as with radiologic technologists Physician board certification in a specialty or subspecialty requires an approved residency/fellowship and a board exam State licensure is mandatory for many practicing professionals, such as physicians and nurses 8
Physician 2.1 Figure: Hickman, 2010. Retrieved from Author. Used with Permission. 9
Physician Continued Certification Completion of an approved residency or fellowship program Must have a valid state medical licenses to practice Must complete a written and/or practical exam in that specialty or subspecialty Maintenance of certification State licensure Reciprocity among states 10
Steps of the USMLE Travis Nimmo CC-BY 11
Primary Care Roles Travis Nimmo CC-BY 12
Common Internal Medicine Specialties and Subspecialties Cardiology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatric medicine Hematology and oncology Infectious disease Nephrology Pulmonary disease and critical care medicine Rheumatology Genomic specialists 13
Surgical Subspecialties Cardiovascular surgery Colon and rectal (colorectal) surgery Neurosurgery Orthopedic surgery Otolaryngologic surgery Pediatric surgery Plastic surgery Urologic surgery 14
Other Specialties Radiology Diagnostic Neuroradiology Interventional Pediatric Radiation oncology Nuclear radiology 15
Pathology Blood banking/transfusion medicine Cytopathology Forensic pathology Laboratory medicine Pediatric pathology 16
Nonclinical Roles of Physicians Administration Teaching Research Public health Publishing Check out the video link for physician nonclinical roles: http://youtu.be/w4_FkP2ihx0 17
Nonclinical Roles for Physicians Clinical or health informatics Focused on effective use of clinical systems in patient care delivery processes Certifications are available in informatics for clinicians Physicians with an informatics background can serve in a variety of roles 18
Physicians in 2025 Physician demand will grow faster than supply By 2025, physician demands are projected to exceed supply by a range of 46,000 to 90,000 A shortfall of between 12,500 and 31,100 primary care physicians A shortfall of between 28,200 and 63,700 non primary care physicians Association of American Medical Colleges, n.d. 19
Physicians in 2025 Continued Solving the shortage requires a multipronged approach that involves Innovation in care delivery Effective use of technology Efficient use of all health professionals on the care team Association of American Medical Colleges, n.d. 20
Health ProfessionalsThe People in Health Care Summary Lecture a Some useful health care terminology was explained Education, training, certification, and licensure of physicians were described Primary care roles of physicians were described We examined some of specialty, subspecialty, and nonclinical roles of physicians 21
Health ProfessionalsThe People in Health Care References Lecture a References AAMC (Association of Medical Colleges). (n.d.). Physician supply and demand through 2025: Key findings. Retrieved from https://www.aamc.org/download/426260/data/physiciansupplyanddemandthrough2025keyfindings .pdf Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. (n.d.). Accreditation. Retrieved from http://www.acgme.org/What-We-Do/Accreditation American Board of Medical Specialties. (n.d.). Board certification and maintenance of certification. Retrieved from http://www.abms.org/board-certification American Medical Association. (n.d.). Becoming a physician. Retrieved from http://www.ama- assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/becoming-physician.page American Medical Association. (n.d.). Obtaining a medical license. Retrieved from http://www.ama- assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/becoming-physician/medical-licensure.page Andrews, J. (2013). Clinical informatics critical to reform. Retrieved from http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/clinical-informatics-underpins-reform Anonymous. (2011). Life works: Explore health and medical science careers.NIH MedlinePlus, the Magazine. Summer. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/summer11/articles/summer11pg24-25.html CAST. (2013). Nonclinical roles of physicians [video file]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/w4_FkP2ihx0 22
Health ProfessionalsThe People in Health Care References Lecture a Continued Explore Health careers.org. (n.d.). Career explorer. Retrieved from http://explorehealthcareers.org/en/home HRSA (Health Resources and Services Administration) Health Workforce. (n.d.). Health Workforce Data. Retrieved from https://bhw.hrsa.gov/health-workforce-analysis/research MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Health occupations. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/healthoccupations.html MedlinePlus.(2011). Life works: Explore health and medical science careers. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/summer11/articles/summer11pg24-25.html MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Medical dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ mplusdictionary.html National Association of Advisors for the Health Professions. (n.d.). Health professions links. Retrieved from http://www.naahp.org/PublicResources/HealthProfessionsLinks.aspx U.S. News. (n.d.). Best health care jobs. Retrieved from http://money.usnews.com/careers/best- jobs/rankings/best-healthcare-jobs Charts, Tables, Figures 2.1 Figure: Hickman, Tim, MD. University of Missouri, Kansas City (2010). Retrieved from author, used with permission. Images Slide 10: Steps of the USMLE. CC-BY by Travis Nimmo. Slide 11: Primary Care Roles. CC-BY by Travis Nimmo. 23
The Culture of Health Care Health Professionals The People in Health Care Lecture a This material was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015. This material was updated in 2016 by Bellevue College under Award Number 90WT0002. 24
