The Aftermath of WWI: Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles
In the aftermath of World War I, Woodrow Wilson proposed his 14 Points as principles for peace, advocating for open diplomacy and self-determination for nations. However, the Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh penalties on Germany, leading to resentment and laying the groundwork for future conflicts. The Paris Peace Conference played a pivotal role in shaping the post-war world order, with the establishment of the League of Nations as a key development.
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Presentation Transcript
Searching for Peace After WWI Chapter 23
Woodrow Wilsons 14 Points Introduced to Congress in January of 1918 Claimed that these 14 points were the principles that the United States was fighting for 3 categories International relations New independent nations International governing body
Woodrow Wilsons 14 Points 1. No more secret agreements between nations 2. No restrictions on navigation of the seas 3. Establishment of free trade agreements between nations 4. National armies will be greatly reduced 5. Disputes over colonies will be decided by an impartial judge
Woodrow Wilsons 14 Points 6. Russia will not be occupied by German troops and will establish its own government 7. Belgium will be an independent nation 8. The territory of Alsace-Lorraine will be given back to France 9. Italy s borders will be redrawn along lines of nationality 10. New nations will be created from the Austro-Hungarian Empire 11. New nations will be created in the Balkans 12. New nations will be created from the Ottoman Empire 13. Poland will become an independent nation
Woodrow Wilsons 14 Points Wilson s most important point: 14. A League of Nations will be created They will implement the first 13 points and resolve any future problems The United States was the only country that did not agree to join.
The Paris Peace Conference Held in December of 1918 Leaders from Allied countries only leaders from Germany and Russia are not allowed to attend Allied leaders think Wilson s plan is too peaceful Treaty of Versailles signed in June of 1919 Leaders present (Big Four): Wilson (USA), George (Britain), Clemenceau (France) & Orlando (Italy)
The Treaty of Versailles Germany has to take full responsibility for the war and all of the damages ( guilt clause ) Germany has to pay the Allied countries for war damages (reparations) $33,000,000,000 Germany has to disassemble its military Only 100,000 troops Absolutely no air force Germany has to give up all of its colonies Germany has to give back some of its European territory Part of Germany will be occupied for 15 years New nations will be created from the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires League of Nations will be established
Treaty of Versailles Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. senate to ratify the treaty in July of 1919, but they refuse Wilson is a Democrat the senate has a Republican majority Wilson had not included any Republicans in the negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference U.S. signs separate peace treaties with each of the Central Powers in 1921 U.S. never joins the League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles How could the ways in which WWI was settled lead to another World War? Adapted from the American Journey
The End ~ This PowerPoint may be found on Dr. Hardt s website Adapted from the American Journey https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BLdjb6_AIM
