The 1960s in Irish History: A Decade of Transformation

The 1960s
An Important Decade in Irish
History
Chapter 25
What Will I Learn?
Debate the idea of the 1960s
as an important decade in
Irish history
Examine the role of relevant
personalities, issues and
events
Explore the Nature of History
Events
Personalities
Issues
Unemployment
Emigration
Social changes
Civil rights
Seán Lemass
Donagh O’Malley
Gay Byrne
John F. Kennedy
Seán Ó Riada
Terence O’Neill
Ian Paisley
Publication of First
Programme for Economic
Development
Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) set up
President Kennedy visited
Ireland
Lemass and O’Neill meet
Latin Mass changed to
vernacular
NICRA founded
Civil rights march in Derry
Free Secondary education
and free school transport
introduced
What Important Changes Occurred
in Economic Policy in the 1960s?
Ireland in 1950s
An immigrant returning to the Republic of
Ireland in the late fifties after thirty years
abroad would have had few recognition
problems. The country had no television
station, although the few homes on the east
coast which could afford TV sets picked up
programmes from the British stations.
Shopping was still the homely experience it
always had been … Those most conservative
of Irish institutions, the churches, were very
much as they had been in 1930…. Late
marriages, large families and high rates of
emigration were as common as ever.
Fergal Tobin, 
The Best of Decades
, 
Ireland
in the Nineteen Sixties, 
Gill and Co., Dublin
First Programme for Economic
Development
Abolished policy of
protection
Encouraged exports
Tax concessions and
grants given to foreign
companies
Employment rose
Emigration fell
People better off
Seán Lemass
Important Changes in Education
Source 2
What of the future? … We will be judged by
future generations on what we did for the
children of our time. …. There was no difficulty
in picking out the basic fault in our present
educational structure – and that was the fact
that many families could not afford to pay even
part of the cost of education for their children.
….
 
I propose therefore, from the coming school
year, beginning in September of next year
(1967), to introduce a scheme whereby, up to
the completion of the Intermediate Certificate
course, the opportunity for free post-primary
education will be available to all families.
Speech by Donogh O’Malley, Minister of
Education, 
The Irish Times
, 12 September, 1966
Source 1
At the time, about a third – or 17,000
children – who finished primary school
were dropping out of education; at 15
years of age fewer than 50 per cent were
still in full-time education. By 16, only 36
per cent were still at school.
Within a decade of the policy change,
participation rates in second-level had
doubled.
The Irish Times
, 14 February, 2017
Important Changes in Education
Source 2
Number of students taking the Leaving
Certificate, 1951–72
What Important Social Changes
Occurred?
People better off than in
1950s
First shopping centres
More tourists
More Irish holidayed abroad
Ireland opened up to outside
ideas
Changes in Catholic Church
brought about by Vatican II
What Important Social Changes
Occurred?
Teilifís Éireann (later
RTÉ) set up
Impact of 
The Late Late
Show
 and 
7 Days
President Kennedy’s visit
to Ireland in 1963
‘You have modernised your economy, harnessed your rivers,
diversified your industry, liberalised your trade, electrified your
farms, accelerated your rate of growth and improved the living
standards of your people.
John F. Kennedy, President of the United States, in Ireland
1963
Gay Byrne
What Important Changes Occurred
in Entertainment?
Cinema and television
Television led to decline
of cinema
Traditional music
Impact of Seán Ó Riada
and Ceoltóirí Cualainn
Ballad boom
The Dubliners, The
Clancy Brothers
Seán O’Riada
The Dubliners
Miami Showband
on an Irish stamp
What Changes Made the 1960s
Important in Northern Ireland?
Prime Minister, Terence O’Neill
Attracted new industries to the
North
Mostly located in
Protestant Eastern Ulster
Improved relations with
Catholics
Met Cardinal Conway, head
of Catholic Church in
Ireland
Visited Catholic schools
Improved relations with the
South
Met Seán Lemass
Terence O’Neill
Why were the 1960s Important for
Relations between Catholics and
Protestants in Northern Ireland
 
?
Concern of extreme unionists
Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) formed
Ian Paisley critical of O’Neill
Catholics disappointed that O’Neill did not bring
in reforms
Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA)
set up
Demands
‘One man, one vote’ in local elections
An end to gerrymandering
An end to discrimination in jobs and housing
Marches and rioting in Derry and Belfast
O’Neill forced to resign
The beginning of the Troubles
Discrimination against Catholics
in Northern Ireland
Property qualification
 in local
elections
Gerrymandering
 of constituencies 
Allocation of 
houses
Allocation of 
jobs
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The 1960s marked a pivotal period in Irish history with significant changes in economic policy, education, and societal norms. The era saw the publication of the first Programme for Economic Development, the establishment of Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ), and the visit of President Kennedy to Ireland. Notable personalities such as Seán Lemass, Donagh O'Malley, and Gay Byrne played key roles in shaping the decade. Economic policies shifted towards export encouragement, leading to improved employment rates and reduced emigration. Changes in education aimed at providing greater access to schooling for all children. Overall, the 1960s in Ireland were characterized by progress, social change, and modernization.


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  1. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 The 1960s An Important Decade in Irish History Chapter 25

  2. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 What Will I Learn? Debate the idea of the 1960s as an important decade in Irish history Examine the role of relevant personalities, issues and events Explore the Nature of History

  3. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 Events Personalities Issues Publication of First Programme for Economic Development Teilif s ireann (RT ) set up President Kennedy visited Ireland Lemass and O Neill meet Latin Mass changed to vernacular NICRA founded Civil rights march in Derry Free Secondary education and free school transport introduced Se n Lemass Donagh O Malley Gay Byrne John F. Kennedy Se n Riada Terence O Neill Ian Paisley Unemployment Emigration Social changes Civil rights

  4. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 What Important Changes Occurred in Economic Policy in the 1960s? An immigrant returning to the Republic of Ireland in the late fifties after thirty years abroad would have had few recognition problems. The country had no television station, although the few homes on the east coast which could afford TV sets picked up programmes from the British stations. Shopping was still the homely experience it always had been Those most conservative of Irish institutions, the churches, were very much as they had been in 1930 . Late marriages, large families and high rates of emigration were as common as ever. Fergal Tobin, The Best of Decades, Ireland in the Nineteen Sixties, Gill and Co., Dublin Ireland in 1950s

  5. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 First Programme for Economic Development Abolished policy of protection Encouraged exports Tax concessions and grants given to foreign companies Employment rose Emigration fell People better off Se n Lemass

  6. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 Important Changes in Education Source 2 What of the future? We will be judged by future generations on what we did for the children of our time. . There was no difficulty in picking out the basic fault in our present educational structure and that was the fact that many families could not afford to pay even part of the cost of education for their children. . I propose therefore, from the coming school year, beginning in September of next year (1967), to introduce a scheme whereby, up to the completion of the Intermediate Certificate course, the opportunity for free post-primary education will be available to all families. Speech by Donogh O Malley, Minister of Education, The Irish Times, 12 September, 1966 Source 1 At the time, about a third or 17,000 children who finished primary school were dropping out of education; at 15 years of age fewer than 50 per cent were still in full-time education. By 16, only 36 per cent were still at school. Within a decade of the policy change, participation rates in second-level had doubled. The Irish Times, 14 February, 2017

  7. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 Important Changes in Education Source 2 Number of students taking the Leaving Certificate, 1951 72

  8. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 What Important Social Changes Occurred? People better off than in 1950s First shopping centres More tourists More Irish holidayed abroad Ireland opened up to outside ideas Changes in Catholic Church brought about by Vatican II

  9. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 What Important Social Changes Occurred? Gay Byrne Teilif s ireann (later RT ) set up Impact of The Late Late Show and 7 Days President Kennedy s visit to Ireland in 1963 You have modernised your economy, harnessed your rivers, diversified your industry, liberalised your trade, electrified your farms, accelerated your rate of growth and improved the living standards of your people. John F. Kennedy, President of the United States, in Ireland 1963

  10. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 What Important Changes Occurred in Entertainment? Cinema and television Television led to decline of cinema Traditional music Impact of Se n Riada and Ceolt ir Cualainn Ballad boom The Dubliners, The Clancy Brothers The Dubliners Se n O Riada Miami Showband on an Irish stamp

  11. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 What Changes Made the 1960s Important in Northern Ireland? Prime Minister, Terence O Neill Attracted new industries to the North Mostly located in Protestant Eastern Ulster Improved relations with Catholics Met Cardinal Conway, head of Catholic Church in Ireland Visited Catholic schools Improved relations with the South Met Se n Lemass Terence O Neill

  12. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25 Why were the 1960s Important for Relations between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland ? Concern of extreme unionists Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) formed Ian Paisley critical of O Neill Catholics disappointed that O Neill did not bring in reforms Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) set up Demands One man, one vote in local elections An end to gerrymandering An end to discrimination in jobs and housing Marches and rioting in Derry and Belfast O Neill forced to resign The beginning of the Troubles Discrimination against Catholics in Northern Ireland Property qualification in local elections Gerrymandering of constituencies Allocation of houses Allocation of jobs

  13. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25

  14. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25

  15. THE 1960S An Important Decade in Irish History 25

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