Spanish Explorations: Conquest and Legacy in the Americas

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Spain's explorers ventured into the Americas seeking riches, glory, and conversion of native peoples. Led by figures like Juan Ponce de Leon and Hernando Cortes, these expeditions marked a complex blend of conquests and interactions with indigenous civilizations, shaping the region's history.

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Spanish Explorations Unit 2 Chapter 3 Lesson 3 Pages 128-134

Objectives Describe the aims, obstacles, and accomplishments of Spanish explorers. Trace the routes of Spanish explorers and identify their claims.

Spanish explorations Spain had claimed a lot of land in the America s (this is today South America) Many others came seeking: Riches National glory Converting Native Americans to Christianity

King of Spain The King encouraged explorations He offered large sums of money called, GRANTS GRANTS, to those who led expeditions These explorers became known as CONQUISTADORS CONQUISTADORS

Juan Ponce de Leon Had sailed with Columbus on his 2nd voyage Helped conquer Puerto Rico Heard of an island called Bimini and a Fountain of Youth 1513 landed on Floridaand claimed it for Spain

Ponce de Leon 1521, returned to Florida to start a settlement Calusa tribe defended their land Ponce de Leon killed Never found the Fountain of Youth He is known for becoming the 1stSpanish explorer to set foot on land that became part of the United States

EARLY CONQUISTADORS

Hernando Cortes 1519, Spain Sent fo find gold in the land of the AZTECS Cortes marched to the capital of Tenochtitlan Those who didn t like the Aztecs helped Cortes

Cortes vs. Aztecs Moteuhzoma Aztec emperor believed Cortes was the light-skinned god that was believed to return one day to rule them Cortes took him as prisoner They fought strong, but had no guns and horses like the Spanish Many died in battles, but also diseases Mexico City built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan

Conquistador vs. Aztec Warrior Conquistador Aztec Warrior Horse Armor made of quilted leather Armor made of steel Wood shield w/ feather fringe A gun Wooden club

Seven Cities of Gold??? Cortes found gold Spanish leaders in Mexico City heard talk of seven cities of gold Priest, Marcos de Niza, sent to look with his slave, Estevanico Estevanico was killed on mission DeNiza returned and said he saw the golden city

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado 1540 went to look for city of gold Explored lands in what is now SW U.S. He was first explorer to come up into Oklahoma No city of gold found

NEW SPAIN Lands claimed by Spain became known as New Spain These included: Mexico Southwestern United States Florida

What was the aim of Coronado s expedition? To find the golden cities.

Background Marcos de Niza never entered the Zuni pueblo where Estevanico was killed. Instead, he saw the pueblo from a distance at sunset. The sun s rays reflecting on the stone and adobe walls created a golden color which is why de Niza thought the pueblo was one of the legendary golden cities.

Francisco Pizarro 1531, led an expedition into the western coast of South America Met people from the Inca empire, led by Atahuallpa Priest told Atahuallpa they MUST accept Christianity and Spanish rule he said NO Taken prisoner and died Pizarro conquered the Inca empire

Hernado de Soto Explored Southeaster U.S. 1539, Sailed from Cuba to Tampa Bay First European to see the Mississippi River

De Soto battles Met many Native American Conflicts were bloody 1542 De Soto died of a fever They claimed all land they explored. Spain now claimed much of southern U.S.

De Sotos route

Catholic Church Rules People in Europe begin to question the Catholic Church They had forced people to follow rules and pay taxes Had its own courts punished those who went against the church

Religious Reforms Martin Luther German priest Began calling for open reforms, changes, in the Catholic Church. Reformation period of reforms Luther forced out of church Those who protested the Catholic leaders became known as Protestants. Lutheran church and Protestants formed new churches.

Counter-Reformation Catholic church made changes The church banned books going against their teachings Focus on spreading the church to New Spain Missionaries (religious teachers) sent to convert Native Americans

Missionaries Missionaries held ceremonies to make the Native Americans Catholic Later they taught them the teachings of the church Many forced to become Catholic and enslaved Some tried to keep their beliefs, but others were forced to change how they lived and worship