Safety and Security of Critical Infrastructures in Jamaica
The safety and security of critical infrastructures in Jamaica are paramount to safeguarding national economic security, public health, and overall well-being. Vulnerable to natural disasters and financial risks, Jamaica faces complex threats that require strategic protection measures. With a focus on key sectors like transportation, communication, energy, and cybersecurity, efforts are made to mitigate vulnerabilities and enhance resilience against potential disruptions.
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Protecting Things: Protecting Things: SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Captain (N) Sydney INNIS Vice President Port Authority of Jamaica
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS AND ASSETS WHETHER PHYSICAL OR VIRTUAL ARE SO CRITICAL THAT THEIR INCAPACITATION OR DESTRUCTION WOULD HAVE A DEBILITATING IMPACT ON INTER ALIA, SECURITY, NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY, NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY OR ANY COMBINATION THEREOF. 2
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES 3
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES JAMAICA JAMAICA NATIONAL CYBER & ENERGY & NATURAL ENVIRONMENT FINANCIAL SYSTEMS TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS SECURITY UTILITIES Coastal Areas, Beaches, Roads, Bridges & Rail Power Cyber Institutions Border Security Ecosystems Water Markets Cell and Landline Internal Air Security Arable Lands Blue Economy MARITIME ACTIVITIES Infrastructure Water Ports Cargo Cruise Sufferance Wharves
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA What makes us Vulnerable? The Caribbean is an unusually complex region with its own multifaceted threat environment Jamaica is the largest island in the English- speaking Caribbean, and the most populated with 2.89 million people. It is an upper middle-income economy that is struggling due to low growth, high public debt, and exposure to external shocks. Like its neighbors, Jamaica is vulnerable to natural disasters, in particular earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding, and the effects of climate change.
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Exposure to risks arising from natural disasters and tightening global financial conditions. Financial Systems Highly conglomerated and connected financial groups which create the potential for risks to spread from one financial institution to another. VULNERABILITIES The liberalization of telecommunications in Jamaica has had both positive and negative effects. - open to the ills of cyber criminals, who bring with them new threats to regular communication, financial stability, peace and safety. CYBER & Communication Systems
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Exposure to risks arising from natural disasters Natural Environment Extensive coastline, internal sections of the island subject to landslides, floods, etc VULNERABILITIES Jamaica almost completely dependent on imported oil - Petroleum consumption is concentrated in three areas, namely: bauxite/alumina, power generation and transport. Energy and Utilities Cycle of oil price volatility and the global emphasis on environmental issues have re-focused energy supply security and the environmental sustainability agendas.
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Transportation Assets Characteristics Vulnerabilities Exposure to risks arising from natural disasters Damage to roads, bridges and supporting infrastructure such as drains and culverts which impact the transport sector, people and economic activities. The lifespan of the transport network is also dependent on a proper operations and maintenance regime, including drainage, cleaning and repairs, so that assets continue to fulfill their function. Total 4,922km Class A 826 km Class B 624 km Class C 2,955 km Main Roads Undefines 517 km Parochial and other roads 17,155 km Bridges 736 Bridges Local airports are vulnerable to rising seas given their low elevation. Low elevations is also subject to more intense wave run-up and storm surge from hurricanes and tropical storms. Main road access along the airport is prone to flooding. 3 International Airports, 3 Public Aerodromes, 2 Defence Force Aerodromes and 34 private or other classification aerodromes Airports High Seas subject to pirates, natural and man-made disaster, terrorist attack. Subject to the impacts of floods due to increasingly more intense rainfall events. Significantly vulnerable to sea level rise, with most of the road network providing access at risk from flooding, and the tourist areas, also subject to high flood risks. 11 Specialized Seaports, 3 Public Deep-Water Ports, 3 Cruise Ship Terminals Seaports Railway Lines and Stations 330 km of Track, 6 Privately Owned Railway Lines
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Jamaica currently has one of the highest per capita levels of homicide and violent crime in the world Importation of illegal firearms and ammunition, the supply and trans-shipment of illegal narcotics, financial frauds have fuelled violence threatens the State National VULNERABILITIES Security Crime, corruption and violence, along with the various social problems that exacerbate them and are perpetuated by them, are the Tier 1 threats to Jamaica The cost of crime and corruption to Jamaica includes lost life expectancy, injuries and health care, but also includes the higher cost of doing business in a low-trust society,
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA THREATS Acts of Terrorism Pandemics Border Security Evolving Threats to Critical Infrastructure Accidents & Technological Failures Cyber Threats Extreme Weather, Natural & Man-Made Disasters Internal Security Threats
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA It requires continued collaboration and cooperation between international partners, key agencies and departments public private partnerships and the continuous application of improved CIP technologies and processes. Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) is the need to protect the country s vital infrastructures.
Strategic Response: Building Resilience - Eg. Jamaica Transport Sector Technical Reports and Vulnerability Assessments. SAFETY and SECURITY SAFETY and SECURITY of CRITICAL of CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA National Security Policy National Strategies, Laws and Policies. National Energy Policy National Cyber Security Policy International Assistance: USA, Canada, UK, China, EU Public Private Partnerships - Companies and Communities
PROTECTING OUR INFRASTRUCTURES Financial Systems with assistance from international partners, including the IMF, the World Bank and the Toronto Centre (Global Leadership in Financial Supervision), the authorities are implementing projects to: develop a policy on national disaster risk financing that aims to see Jamaica becoming more fiscally independent when disasters strike; undertake group-wide supervision of financial conglomerates; strengthen liquidity risk management in the financial sector by introducing international standards; and develop an agenda for financial market deepening that will revolve around: accelerating access to finance. accelerating the creation of investible domestic assets. creating an environment where market participants.. can access financial instruments that assist them in managing risk and increasing transparency and price discovery in financial markets. SAFETY and SAFETY and SECURITY OF SECURITY OF CRITICAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Cyber and Communication Systems PROTECTING OUR INFRASTRUCTURES The National Cyber Security Strategy seeks to establish a framework built around the following key areas: Technical Measures; Human Resource and Capacity Building; Legal and Regulatory; and Public Education and Awareness.
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA PROTECTING OUR INFRASTRUCTURES Natural Environment The Environmental Foundation of Jamaica (EFJ) is the largest grant-maker in Jamaica and works to catalyze on-the-ground change in environmental conservation. UNDP is supporting Jamaica in strengthening the country's policy and institutional framework for sustainable management of its natural resources, including parks and protected areas. Work in-Progress: Development of user fees for protected areas Need for an increase in the numbers of environmental cases going to court Seeking prescriptive rights for petitioners Need for policy on compliance and prosecution JAMAICA
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Utilities and Energy PROTECTING OUR INFRASTRUCTURES The goals of the Energy Strategic Framework is comprehensive and is expected to be durable to 2030 and beyond; yet be flexible and adaptable to meet new challenges and opportunities as they arise. The Government s primary objective is to diversify the national energy supply into a mix of energy sources for energy security. The policy of the Government of Jamaica is that there is no restriction on the sources of electricity generation and may include solar photovoltaic, wind, hydro, biofuels/biomass and waste to energy solutions, petroleum coke, coal and natural gas.
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Transportation Ensuring the promulgation of adequate legislation, which will provide the legal framework for national transportation activities, in keeping with international practices. Improvement of transport infrastructure to meet the needs of key industries. Revitalization of the railway. Promoting the expansion and development of the air transport infrastructure. Development and maintenance of an efficient, effective and internationally competitive Jamaican maritime industry. The National Transport Policy also addresses the issues facing the use of nontraditional modes of transport, e.g. pipelines, cable cars, fibre optics etc. as well as transport services for the vulnerable in the society SAFETY and SAFETY and SECURITY OF SECURITY OF CRITICAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA
National Security SAFETY and SAFETY and SECURITY of SECURITY of CRITICAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA The Six Key Reforms: Remove the profit from crime Reform the justice system Policing by consent Adopt a coherent anti-gang strategy Focus on at-risk individuals and communities Strengthen systems of governance Being considered: Maritime Security Strategy and Blue Economy Strategy
Operational Responses: Operational Reviews: Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF) Counter Terrorism Response Units Cyber Incident Response Team (CIRT) and National Cybersecurity Task Force Jamaica Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project Jamaica Eye SAFETY and SAFETY and SECURITY of SECURITY of CRITICAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA
SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES SAFETY and SECURITY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA Challenges to Critical Infrastructure Protection The Government is aware that facing the challenges will be difficult. It is recognized that there are existing deficiencies in our capacity, processes and technology to properly secure our infrastructure. It is recognized that Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) requires international cooperation, cross government approach, public private partnerships and community buy-in. SAFETY and SAFETY and SECURITY of SECURITY of CRITICAL CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES INFRASTRUCTURES - - JAMAICA JAMAICA
