Role of Engineering and Technology in Nation Building: Insights on Digital Transformation and Global Trends

The Importance of Engineering
and Technology in Nation Building
 
 
The Role Public and Private Sector
 
Ahmed Siyad,
SomaliREN
 
Twitter: 
@adsiyad
O
u
t
l
i
n
e
 
The Global Imperative
The Fourth Industrial Revolution – 4IR
Digital Transformation as Sustainable Development Pathway
Key trends and issues
Digital Preparedness
Key elements in digital transformation
Progress and challenges in the Somalia ICT Sector
Brief history, current situation and challenges
Priorities for governments and private sector
Conclusion
The Global Trends – 4
th
 Industrial
Revolution
 
Source: World Economic Forum
 
Digital Transformation as Sustainable Development Pathway
 
Source: un.org
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Quickening Fourth Industrial
Revolution (implications)
Quickly evolving societies and
economies
Increasingly digital and urban
(~70% by 2050)
Rising risks: inequality, violence
and conflict, environmental
pressures, etc.
Risks to the promise to “leave no
one behind”
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Leadership Will - 
High level political leadership
commitment and agreement between all government
stakeholders and decision makers is necessary for the
proper and effective digital government adoption
.
Coordination & Financing Institutions - 
There must be
high level coordination of e-government activities among
the various departments of government.
Legislation and Regulations – 
Though there are no legal
prerequisites starting the process of e-government, there
are some laws and policies that needs to be looked and
developed to support in digitizing and modernizing
government administration and services.
Human Capacity & Awareness Raising –
 Training
programs for civil servants and awareness raising
engaging citizens to accept and use government e-
services is one the crucial element widely accepted e-
government implementation
Technology - 
Rather than investing in application-specific
facilities, leaders in digital government look to use
increasingly standardized technology infrastructure
components including public infrastructure.
 
 
 
 
 
 
A
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R
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l
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e
a
d
y
?
?
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w
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c
a
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f
r
o
m
 
From 1998-2005
 
(
based on my personal experience
)
 
$1
/minute
 for International calls – 
10mins = $10
$1
/
hour
 per user for 64kb/s International bandwidth (Internet)
3 main Telecom 
operators through out the country
Xeer-jajab
 was used ICT market regulation
There was no proper Internet Service providers ( 
except cybercafé
)
Very view (almost none) local Computer Science and Telecom graduates -
mainly depend on foreign engineers
Fixed landlines 
(PSTN) was used as primary voice communication
 
 
W
h
e
r
e
 
w
e
 
a
r
e
 
n
o
w
 
(
2
0
2
1
)
.
.
 
Two submarine Fiber landing stations in Mogadishu, Berbera, Bosaso
Approximately of 
90%
 mobile coverage with 
52%
 subscription/users
(
Source WB and ITU Report 2019
)
Less than 
$100/Mb/s 
for dedicated Internet capacity and 
$30/Mb/s
for shared capacity
Very cheap Mobile data 
($1/1GB
) – cheapest in East Africa
Stable Mobile Money Business (e-VC, e-Dahab, ZAAD, Sahal, Premier
Wallet etc.)
Initial stage e-banking and e-commerce business
Newly established ICT regulation agency – 
NCA, MoCT
 
 
B
u
t
 
w
e
r
e
 
s
t
i
l
l
 
b
e
h
i
n
d
 
i
n
 
ICT Market regulation – 
no effective ICT policy and regulations
Digital preparedness – 
Internet penetration rate is lower than 
3% (source:
World Bank and ITU global ICT indicator database, 2018 report)
Fair ICT market competition – 
Monopolism
 There are no accredited or recognized 
engineering professional boards
No national digital agenda – 
leadership commitment towards digital
society and
Digital skill gap – government and academia/private corporation is needed
 
 
 
E
v
e
r
y
o
n
e
 
h
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p
l
a
y
!
 
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
 
 
… Almost every aspect of the 
Digital Roadmap 
requires government action.
 
P
r
i
v
a
t
e
 
s
e
c
t
o
r
 
This is not only a matter of the private sector’s social obligation,
but of mutual benefit.
C
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)
 
 
The digital roadmap on how developing countries can get ahead
Put people at the center of the digital future
Build the digital essentials
Reach everyone with digital technologies
Govern technology for the future
 
 
Mahadsanidiin
 
Presentation can be found @ 
https://sorer.somaliren.org.so/
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Explore the pivotal role of engineering and technology in nation building through insights on digital transformation, global trends, and key elements needed for sustainable development. Delve into the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, challenges in the Somalia ICT sector, and priorities for both public and private sectors. Gain valuable perspective on leadership, coordination, legislation, human capacity, and technology as essential components for successful digital transformation.


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  1. The Importance of Engineering and Technology in Nation Building The Role Public and Private Sector Ahmed Siyad, SomaliREN Ahmed.siyad@somaliren.org Twitter: @adsiyad

  2. Outline Outline The Global Imperative The Fourth Industrial Revolution 4IR Digital Transformation as Sustainable Development Pathway Key trends and issues Digital Preparedness Key elements in digital transformation Progress and challenges in the Somalia ICT Sector Brief history, current situation and challenges Priorities for governments and private sector Conclusion

  3. The Global Trends 4th Industrial Revolution Source: World Economic Forum

  4. Digital Transformation as Sustainable Development Pathway Source: un.org

  5. Key Global Trends and Issues Key Global Trends and Issues Quickening Fourth Industrial Revolution (implications) Quickly evolving societies and economies Increasingly digital and urban (~70% by 2050) Rising risks: inequality, violence and conflict, environmental pressures, etc. Risks to the promise to leave no one behind

  6. Key Elements of Digital Transformation Key Elements of Digital Transformation Leadership Will - High level political leadership commitment and agreement between all government stakeholders and decision makers is necessary for the proper and effective digital government adoption. Coordination & Financing Institutions - There must be high level coordination of e-government activities among the various departments of government. Legislation and Regulations Though there are no legal prerequisites starting the process of e-government, there are some laws and policies that needs to be looked and developed to support in digitizing and modernizing government administration and services. Human Capacity & Awareness Raising Training programs for civil servants and awareness raising engaging citizens to accept and use government e- services is one the crucial element widely accepted e- government implementation Technology - Rather than investing in application-specific facilities, leaders in digital government look to use increasingly standardized technology infrastructure components including public infrastructure. Leadership Commitment Coordination & Financing Institutions Technology Legislation and regulations Human Capacity & Awareness Raising

  7. Are We Really Ready?? Are We Really Ready??

  8. Where we came from Where we came from From 1998-2005 (based on my personal experience) $1/minute for International calls 10mins = $10 $1/hour per user for 64kb/s International bandwidth (Internet) 3 main Telecom operators through out the country Xeer-jajab was used ICT market regulation There was no proper Internet Service providers ( except cybercaf ) Very view (almost none) local Computer Science and Telecom graduates - mainly depend on foreign engineers Fixed landlines (PSTN) was used as primary voice communication

  9. Where we are now (2021).. Where we are now (2021).. Two submarine Fiber landing stations in Mogadishu, Berbera, Bosaso Approximately of 90% mobile coverage with 52% subscription/users (Source WB and ITU Report 2019) Less than $100/Mb/s for dedicated Internet capacity and $30/Mb/s for shared capacity Very cheap Mobile data ($1/1GB) cheapest in East Africa Stable Mobile Money Business (e-VC, e-Dahab, ZAAD, Sahal, Premier Wallet etc.) Initial stage e-banking and e-commerce business Newly established ICT regulation agency NCA, MoCT

  10. But were still behind in But we re still behind in ICT Market regulation no effective ICT policy and regulations Digital preparedness Internet penetration rate is lower than 3% (source: World Bank and ITU global ICT indicator database, 2018 report) Fair ICT market competition Monopolism There are no accredited or recognized engineering professional boards No national digital agenda leadership commitment towards digital society and Digital skill gap government and academia/private corporation is needed

  11. Everyone has a role to play! Everyone has a role to play!

  12. Government Government Almost every aspect of the Digital Roadmap requires government action.

  13. Private sector Private sector This is not only a matter of the private sector s social obligation, but of mutual benefit.

  14. Conclusion Conclusion ( (Five priorities to get ahead in the Five priorities to get ahead in the digital age digital age) ) The digital roadmap on how developing countries can get ahead Put people at the center of the digital future Build the digital essentials Reach everyone with digital technologies Govern technology for the future

  15. Mahadsanidiin Presentation can be found @ https://sorer.somaliren.org.so/

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