Risky Driving Behavior Study Among New Zealand Drivers

The study focuses on risky driving behavior among learner and restricted license drivers in New Zealand. Led by Dr. Dorothy Begg from the University of Otago, the research involves a prospective cohort study to examine newly licensed drivers at different stages of licensing. Utilizing national databases, the study tracks traffic crash reports, hospital admissions, police records, and ACC claims to assess the impact of graduated driver licensing. Various stages including baseline interviews, theory tests, practical driving tests, and follow-up interviews are conducted to gather comprehensive data. Recruitment methods and participation rates are detailed, emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing risky driving behaviors for improved road safety.

• New Zealand
• Drivers
• Study
• Risky Driving
• Behavior

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1. New Zealand Drivers Study: Risky driving behaviour among learner and restricted licence drivers Dr Dorothy Begg University of Otago NZAA Research Foundation Symposium Wellington Convention Centre September 5th 6th2011

2. New Zealand Drivers Study: a follow-up study of newly licensed drivers Dr Dorothy Begg, Prof. John Langley, Rebecca Brookland, Anna McDowell, Hannah Jordan, Ari Samaranayaka, Dave Barson, Prof. Hank Weiss (IPRU) Assoc Prof. John Broughton, Ngai Tahu Maori Health Unit, University of Otago Prof. Shanthi Ameratunga, University of Auckland Home

3. Study design prospective cohort study designed to capitalise on NZ graduated driver licensing process recruit newly licensed drivers at learner licence stage follow-up interviews at the restricted and full licence stages follow-up after full licence using national databases: traffic crash reports, hospital admissions, police traffic records, ACC records

4. Stages of GDLS Stages of the NZDS Stage 1: Baseline Interview Face to-face recruitment, consent forms, self-administered questionnaire Stage 1: Learner Licence Theory & EyesightTests minimum 6 months Stage 2: : Telephone Interview First follow-up Stage 2: Restricted Licence Practical Driving Test Stage 2: Parent Interview Telephone Interview minimum 12 months Stage 3: Full Licence Practical driving test Stage 3: Second follow-up Telephone Interview On-going follow-up using national databases Traffic crash reports Hospitalised traffic injury Traffic violations, convictions, infringements ACC motor vehicle account claims

5. Stage 1: Recruitment of cohort (n=3,992) face-to-face after LL test 1 Feb 2006 31 Jan 2008 at licensing centres (mainly NZAA) (75% participation) and learner licensing courses (90% participation) postcards in AA licensing centres in rural areas information sheets, signed consent obtained self-administered paper questionnaire Preferably completed on site, also mail back option $20 MTA voucher for each completed interview

6. AUCKLAND Manukau Urban Maori Authority Manukau Youth Resource Centre RUATORIA Te Runanga o Ngati Porou GISBORNE Turanga Health CIP WAIROA Tairawhiti REAP Road Safety Group Plus Research Assistants at NZAA licensing centres NAPIER / HASTINGS Te Taiwhenua o Heretaunga Postcards throughout NZ in rural areas and smaller centres CHRISTCHURCH Research Assistants at NZAA licensing centres DUNEDIN Assistant Research Fellow Research Assistants at licensing centres

7. Follow-up procedure for stages 2 & 3 Driver Licence Registry (DLR) created and maintain a database of NZDS cohort Contact details plus licence & offence data Each week DLR check database for changes and send us the details Change usually indicates progress to next stage Computer assisted telephone interview arranged

8. As of 31 May 2011: 74% (n=2967) passed restricted licence test* 87% of them (n=2570) completed stage 2 interview 40% (n=1605) passed full licence test 92% of them (n=1481) completed stage 3 interview Parent study interview 1200 (85% participation rate): 64% female, 36% male *all eligible for RL as of August 2008

9. National database follow-up 98% gave signed consent for access to their records up to 10 years after they get a full licence TCR data from MoT Traffic mortality & hospitalisation data from MoH Offence data from DLR

10. Questionnaire items Learner: demographic data, pre-licensed driving, reasons for licensing , alcohol, marijuana, other drugs, sleep, impulsivity-sensation seeking-aggression. Restricted & Full: vehicle access & details, quantity & quality of driving experience: professional lessons, courses, supervised & unsupervised driving, driving behaviour, alcohol, marijuana, other drugs, seatbelts, police enforcement, speed cameras, crashes.

11. The following results based on: Restricted Licence Interview (learner licence data) September 2010 2 years after all eligible for a RL n=2474 (62%) Full Licence Interview (restricted licence data) May 2011 n=1470 (37%) All results presented are %

12. Key demographic characteristics Age at learners Learner n=3992 Restricted n=2474 Full n=1470 15 years 49 61 75 16 years 18 16 13 17 years 10 8 5 18 years 5 3 2 19 years 3 2 1 20+ years 14 9 5

13. Key demographic characteristics Learner n=3992 Restricted n=2474 Full Gender n=1470 Female 51 49 41 Males 49 51 59

14. Key demographic characteristics Learner n=3992 Restricted n=2474 Full *Ethnicity n=1470 NZ European 55 65 75 Maori 21 14 8 Pacific 13 12 6 Asian 11 11 10 Other 15 16 14 * can identify with more than one ethnicity

15. Key demographic characteristics Learner n=3992 Restricted n=2474 Full Residential location n=1470 Main urban 89 88 87 Other 11 12 13

16. Key demographic characteristics Learner n=3992 22 Restricted n=2474 29 Full NZDep2006 n=1470 37 1 & 2 least deprived 3 & 4 19 23 26 5 & 6 17 17 17 7 & 8 16 13 11 9 & 10 most deprived 26 17 9

17. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you drive fast just for the thrill of it? Learner Restricted 83 70 Never/hardly ever 16 28 Occasionally/quite often 1 2 Frequently/all the time Males significantly riskier than females

18. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you take some risks when driving because it makes driving more fun? Learner Restricted Never/hardly ever 90 80 Occasionally/quite often 9 19 Frequently/all the time 1 1 Males significantly riskier than females

19. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you do burnouts, donuts or skids just for the fun of it? Learner Never/hardly ever Restricted 89 95 Occasionally/quite often 4 10 Frequently/all the time 1 1 Males significantly riskier than females

20. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you do get involved in unofficial street races with other drivers? Learner 97 Restricted 95 Never/hardly ever Occasionally/quite often 2 5 Frequently/all the time <1 <1 Males significantly riskier than females

21. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you overtake when there is a solid yellow line on your side of the road? Learner Restricted Never/hardly ever 99 98 Occasionally/quite often 1 2 Frequently/all the time 0 0 Chi sq not valid

22. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you speed up if someone is trying to pass you? Restricted Learner Never/hardly ever 95 90 Occasionally/quite often 5 9 Frequently/all the time 0 1 Males significantly riskier than females

23. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you make rude gestures at other drivers? Learner Restricted Never/hardly ever 93 87 Occasionally/quite often 6 13 Frequently/all the time 1 0 Males significantly ruder than females at full licence stage only

24. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you honk horn or flash lights in anger at other drivers? Learner Restricted Never/hardly ever 90 79 Occasionally/quite often 9 20 Frequently/all the time 1 1 Males significantly angrier than females

25. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you talk on a handheld cell phone while driving? Learner Restricted Never/hardly ever 91 78 Occasionally/quite often 9 21 Frequently/all the time 0 1 No difference by gender

26. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you talk on a hands free cell phone while driving? Learner Restricted Never/hardly ever 91 84 Occasionally/quite often 8 14 Frequently/all the time 1 2 No difference by gender

27. Risky Driving Behaviours How often do you text message on a cell phone while driving? Restricted Learner Never/hardly ever 77 46 Occasionally/quite often 20 46 Frequently/all the time 3 8 No difference by gender

28. Risky Driving Behaviours In general, how fast do you drive on the open road, compared to other drivers? Learner Restricted Slower/ much slower 19 9 About the same 75 72 Faster/much faster 6 20 Males significantly faster than females

29. Risky Driving Behaviours In general, how fast do you drive in a 50 kph area, compared to other drivers? Learner Restricted Slower/ much slower 11 5 About the same 82 81 Faster/much faster 7 14 Males significantly faster than females

30. Risky Driving Behaviours How do you rate your driving ability, compared to other drivers with a restricted licence / just got their full licence? Learner Restricted Worse, much worse 4 0 About the same 70 65 Better/much better 26 35 Males significantly better than females

31. Risky Driving Behaviours Compared to other drivers in general, how do you rate your driving ability? Learner Restricted Worse, much worse 27 10 About the same 59 62 Better/much better 14 28 Males significantly better than females

32. Risky Driving Behaviours Suppose there were no speed limits on the open road or highway, how fast would you chose to drive when weather conditions are good and traffic volume is light? Learner Restricted 100 kph 58 34 100-120 kph 30 49 12 18 121 kph Very significantly different by gender

33. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive at 60 kph in a 50 kph speed zone Learner Restricted Never safe 26 17 Safe 50 50 Mostly/always safe 24 33 Higher % females report never safe and higher % males mostly/always safe

34. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive at 110 kph in a 100 kph speed zone Learner Restricted Never safe 32 18 Safe 44 41 Mostly/always safe 25 42 Higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

35. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive with a BAC just over the legal limit Learner Restricted Never safe 82 84 Safe 15 12 Mostly/always safe 2 4 Higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

36. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive after using marijuana Learner Restricted Never safe 86 86 Safe 11 9 Mostly /always safe 3 5 Higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

37. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive through a red light Learner Restricted Never safe 92 94 Safe 8 6 Mostly/always safe 0 0 Higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

38. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive with teenage passengers and no supervisor Learner Restricted Never safe 47 15 Safe 35 37 Mostly/always safe 17 48 Slightly higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

39. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive between 10pm and 5am with no supervisor Learner Restricted Never safe 35 11 Safe 38 30 Mostly/always safe 27 59 Slightly higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

40. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive while talking on a handheld cell phone Learner Restricted Never safe 62 55 Safe 31 32 Mostly/always safe 7 13 Slightly higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

41. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive while talking on a hands free cell phone Learner Restricted Never safe 33 18 Safe 38 32 Mostly/always safe 29 50 Slightly higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

42. In YOU are driving how safe is it to Drive while texting Learner Restricted Never safe 69 65 Safe 26 27 Mostly/always safe 5 8 Slightly higher % females report never safe and higher % males always safe

43. Drink-driving How often did you drive within two hours of drinking at least one alcoholic drink Learner Restricted 90 73 Never 10 27 At least once

44. For those who had driven after drinking On how many occasions do you think you were over the legal limit for you to drive? Learner Restricted Never 51 43 At least once 49 57

45. For those who had driven after drinking On how many occasions do you think you had too much to drink to be able to drive safely ? Learner Restricted Never 76 71 At least once 24 29

46. In summary: How safe are our young drivers? Males riskier than females (except cell phones) Very confident in own ability especially males Driver distractions cell phone use- txt high risk but still popular carrying passengers -low risk Speed very popular, high preferred speed, much faster than others Few boy racers (street races, donuts etc) Alcohol high risk, but not for them

47. The New Zealand Drivers Study has received funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand, Road Safety Trust, Accident Compensation Corporation, and support from the Driver Licence Registry and the New Zealand Automobile Association. Home