QoS Performance Analysis

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QoS Performance Analysis

QoS Performance Analysis

for

for

CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.5

CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.5

Yon Lan, Bo Zhang and Zhicheng Chen

Yon Lan, Bo Zhang and Zhicheng Chen

Journal of Networks July 2014

Journal of Networks July 2014

             Presenter: Bob Kinicki

             Presenter: Bob Kinicki

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Fall 2015

Fall 2015

Introduction



Authors argue that slotted CSMA/CA is

Authors argue that slotted CSMA/CA is

particularly suited for WSNs where

particularly suited for WSNs where

traffic is discrete or non-cyclical.

traffic is discrete or non-cyclical.



Focus is on

Focus is on

beacon-enabled mode

beacon-enabled mode

for

for

IEEE802.15.4.

IEEE802.15.4.



QoS is used constantly in this paper but

QoS is used constantly in this paper but

the authors’ simulated application is

the authors’ simulated application is

mathematically-based with no real

mathematically-based with no real

intuitive notion of QoS discussed.

intuitive notion of QoS discussed.

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

IEEE 802.15.4 Frame Format



Low Bandwidth (250 kbps), low power (1 mW) radio



Moderately spread spectrum (QPSK) provides robustness



Simple MAC allows for general use

–

Many TinyOS-based protocols (MintRoute, LQI, BVR, …), TinyAODV, Zigbee,

SP100.11, Wireless HART, …

–

6LoWPAN => IP



Choice among many semiconductor suppliers



Small packets used to keep packet error rate low and permit

media sharing.

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Culler slide

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Outline



Introduction



Beacon-Enabled IEEE802.15.4 and

Superframe Structure



Simulation Methodology



Analysis of Simulation Results



Conclusion



Critique

Beacon-Enabled IEEE802.15.4



In beacon-enabled mode,

In beacon-enabled mode,

communication behavior is constrained

communication behavior is constrained

by

by

superframe structure

superframe structure

which is

which is

synchronized when

synchronized when

coordinator

coordinator

periodically sends

periodically sends

beacon frames

beacon frames



Each sensor node’s communication

Each sensor node’s communication

process happens in the allocated slot

process happens in the allocated slot

time.

time.

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Figure 1: 802.15.4 Superframe

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Beacon Interval (BI) and

Superframe Duration (SD)

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4



BI is defined by BO (Beacon Order).



SD is defined by SO (Superframe

Order).

Duty Cycle (DC)



Duty cycle of beacon-enabled

Duty cycle of beacon-enabled

802.15.4 is defined as:

802.15.4 is defined as:

Example:  BO-SO = 2

Example:  BO-SO = 2

            DC =  2

            DC =  2

-2

-2

 = ¼ = 25%

 = ¼ = 25%

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Sleep Time (ST)

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4



For each BI, the inactive period is the

node sleeping time (ST) which can be

calculated as:



Hence ST is affected by the value of

BO and duty cycle (i.e., BO-SO)

Three “What if” observations

1.

1.

BO

BO

fixed;

fixed;

BO-SO

BO-SO

 grows:

 grows:

ST

ST

 grows and

 grows and

DC

DC

 decreases

 decreases

- E down, D up, O down

- E down, D up, O down

2.

2.

BO-SO

BO-SO

 fixed;

 fixed;

BO

BO

grows:

grows:

ST

ST

grows

grows

- E down, D up, O down

- E down, D up, O down

3.

3.

BO

BO

fixed; as

fixed; as

BO-SO

BO-SO

increases from

increases from

0 to 14, change in

0 to 14, change in

ST

ST

 decreases.

 decreases.

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Simulation Settings



10 m x 10 m simulated area, 2.4 GHz,

10 m x 10 m simulated area, 2.4 GHz,

250 kbps, 600 sec. duration using OPNET

250 kbps, 600 sec. duration using OPNET



Sensors deployed randomly to create

Sensors deployed randomly to create

star-topology.

star-topology.

{This is very unclear!}

{This is very unclear!}



Power set at 1 mW, QPSK used.

Power set at 1 mW, QPSK used.



No explanation of application traffic

No explanation of application traffic

model:

model:

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Figure 2: OPNET Simulation

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Figure 3: 10 Node Simulation

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Small

duty cycle

Large

delay

Figure 4: 30 Node Simulation

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Larger

delay

Figure 5: 50 Node Simulation

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Simulations Varying BO



Authors want to study first “what if”:

Authors want to study first “what if”:

BO

BO

fixed;

fixed;

BO-SO

BO-SO

 varies

 varies



Fix the number of devices at 14.

Fix the number of devices at 14.

{Appears to minimize slot collisions!}

{Appears to minimize slot collisions!}



400 seconds simulated time.

400 seconds simulated time.



Use Table II for traffic sources.

Use Table II for traffic sources.

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Why this traffic?

Why this traffic?

Table II

Figure 6: Energy vs BO

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Best

performance

Figure 7: Output Load vs BO

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Figure 8: Delay vs BO

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Best

performance

Conclusions

Basically authors argue this

presentation lets one see the

tradeoffs in setting for

beacon-enabled, slotted

CSMA/CA for IEEE802.15.4

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Critique

Critique



No justification or explanation of

No justification or explanation of

traffic sources.

traffic sources.



They use QoS inappropriately – end-

They use QoS inappropriately – end-

to-end delay never defined.

to-end delay never defined.



No discussion of traffic routes.

No discussion of traffic routes.



No sense of slotted collisions and no

No sense of slotted collisions and no

formal assignment to slots.

formal assignment to slots.



Why only star-topology?

Why only star-topology?

Internet of Things

Internet of Things

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4

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This paper discusses the suitability of slotted CSMA/CA for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and focuses on the beacon-enabled mode for IEEE802.15.4. It analyzes the performance of the protocol in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) but lacks a practical intuitive understanding of QoS. The study provides insights into the frame format, superframe structure, simulation methodology, and results analysis in the context of Internet of Things.

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Presentation Transcript

QoS Performance Analysis for CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.5 Yon Lan, Bo Zhang and Zhicheng Chen Journal of Networks July 2014 Presenter: Bob Kinicki Internet of Things Fall 2015

Introduction Authors argue that slotted CSMA/CA is particularly suited for WSNs where traffic is discrete or non-cyclical. Focus is on beacon-enabled mode for IEEE802.15.4. QoS is used constantly in this paper but the authors simulated application is mathematically-based with no real intuitive notion of QoS discussed. Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 2

IEEE 802.15.4 Frame Format D pan Dst EUID 64 S pan Src EUID 64 Max 127 bytes preamble FCF Dst16Src16 Fchk DSN SFD Len Network Header Application Data Low Bandwidth (250 kbps), low power (1 mW) radio Moderately spread spectrum (QPSK) provides robustness Simple MAC allows for general use Many TinyOS-based protocols (MintRoute, LQI, BVR, ), TinyAODV, Zigbee, SP100.11, Wireless HART, 6LoWPAN => IP Choice among many semiconductor suppliers Small packets used to keep packet error rate low and permit media sharing. Culler slide Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 3

Outline Introduction Beacon-Enabled IEEE802.15.4 and Superframe Structure Simulation Methodology Analysis of Simulation Results Conclusion Critique Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 4

Beacon-Enabled IEEE802.15.4 In beacon-enabled mode, communication behavior is constrained by superframe structure which is synchronized when coordinator periodically sends beacon frames. Each sensor node s communication process happens in the allocated slot time. Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 5

Figure 1: 802.15.4 Superframe Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 6

Beacon Interval (BI) and Superframe Duration (SD) BI is defined by BO (Beacon Order). SD is defined by SO (Superframe Order). Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 7

Duty Cycle (DC) Duty cycle of beacon-enabled 802.15.4 is defined as: Example: BO-SO = 2 DC = 2-2 = = 25% Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 8

Sleep Time (ST) For each BI, the inactive period is the node sleeping time (ST) which can be calculated as: Hence ST is affected by the value of BO and duty cycle (i.e., BO-SO) Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 9

Three What if observations 1. BO fixed; BO-SO grows: - ST grows and DC decreases - E down, D up, O down 2. BO-SO fixed; BO grows: - ST grows - E down, D up, O down 3. BO fixed; as BO-SO increases from 0 to 14, change in ST decreases. Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 10

Simulation Settings 10 m x 10 m simulated area, 2.4 GHz, 250 kbps, 600 sec. duration using OPNET Sensors deployed randomly to create star-topology. {This is very unclear!} Power set at 1 mW, QPSK used. No explanation of application traffic model: Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 11

Figure 2: OPNET Simulation Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 12

Figure 3: 10 Node Simulation Large delay Small duty cycle Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 13

Figure 4: 30 Node Simulation Larger delay Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 14

Figure 5: 50 Node Simulation Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 15

Simulations Varying BO Authors want to study first what if : - BO fixed; BO-SO varies Fix the number of devices at 14. {Appears to minimize slot collisions!} 400 seconds simulated time. Use Table II for traffic sources. Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 16

Table II Why this traffic? Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 17

Figure 6: Energy vs BO Best performance Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 18

Figure 7: Output Load vs BO Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 19

Figure 8: Delay vs BO Best performance Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 20

Conclusions Basically authors argue this presentation lets one see the tradeoffs in setting for beacon-enabled, slotted CSMA/CA for IEEE802.15.4 Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 21

Critique No justification or explanation of traffic sources. They use QoS inappropriately end- to-end delay never defined. No discussion of traffic routes. No sense of slotted collisions and no formal assignment to slots. Why only star-topology? Internet of Things Slotted CSMA/CA in IEEE802.15.4 22

QoS Performance Analysis

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