Principles of Dental Instrumentation and Patient Positioning
GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF INSTRUMENTATION
INTENDED LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•
Accessibility
•
Visibility, illumination and retraction
•
Condition of instruments
•
Maintaining of clean field
•
Instrument stabilization
•
Instrument activation
•
Instrument stroke
•
Scaling and root planing
ACCESSIBILITY
Position of operator
The clinician should be seated on a comfortable
operating stool that has been positioned so that-
•
Head is relatively erect. Head in the least strained
position vertically and horizontally.
•
Eyes are directed downward in a manner that
prevents head and neck strain.
•
Distance from patients mouth to the eyes of clinician
should be 14-16 inches.
•
Shoulders are relaxed.
•
Fore arm and wrist are kept in straight line, wrist is neither
flexed nor extended.
•
Body weight is completely supported by chair.
•
Back is straight and erect.
•
Thighs should parallel with floor.
•
Feet should flat on the floor.
The patient’s chin is at 6 ‘O’ clock. The
right handed clinician sits between 9
and 12 ‘O’ clock. The left handed
clinician sits on opposite side between
12 to 3 ‘O’ clock.
Position of the patient
For maxillary arch-
The patient should be asked to raise the chin slightly to
provide visibility and accessibility.
For mandibular arch-
It may be necessary to raise the back of chair slightly and
request that the patient lower the chin untill the mandible
is parallel to the floor.
Assistant is seated with eye level 4-6 inches above the
clinician’s eye level and facing towards the head of the dental
chair.
The various positions of the patients on the
dental chair-
Upright
– initial position from which chair position are made.
Semiupright-
respiratory and cardiovascular patients.
Supine-
flat position with head and feet are on the same position.
Trendlenburg-
modified supine position when the head is lower
than the heart. The brain is lower than heart and feet slightly
elevated.
VISIBILITY, ILLUMINATION AND RETRACTION
•
Direct vision and direct illumination from dental light is most
desirable.
•
If this is not possible, indirect vision may be obtained by using
mouth mirror and indirect illumination may be obtained by
using the mirror to reflect the light to where it is needed.
•
Indirect vision and indirect illumination are often used
simultaneously.
•
Retraction provides visibility, accessibility and illumination.
•
Fingers and/or mirrors are used for retraction.
EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR RETRACTION
•
Use the mirror to deflect the cheek, while the fingers of non
operating hand retract the lips and protect the angle of mouth
from irritation.
•
Use the mirror alone to retract the lips and cheek.
•
Use the finger of non operating hand to retract the lips.
•
Use mirror to retract the tongue.
•
Combination of the preceding methods.
Direct vision and direct illumination
Indirect vision and indirect illumination
Indirect illumination
Retraction by index finger
Retraction by mouth mirror
•
While retracting care should be taken to avoid irritation to the
angle of the mouth. If the lips and skin are dry, softening the
lips with petroleum jelly before instrumentation is helpful
precaution against cracking and bleeding.
•
Careful retraction is especially important for a patient with
history of recurrent Herpes Labialis because these patient
may easily develop herpatic lesions after instrumentation.
CONDITION AND SHARPNESS OF INSTRUMENT
Steps in the effective care of instrument
•
Instruments are cleaned after each use by removing blood
and debris under running water.
•
The instruments are sharpen regularly and sharpness is
checked thereafter.
•
Instruments are sterilized thoroughly.
MAINTAINING CLEAN FIELD
•
Operating field is obscured by saliva, blood and debris.
To avoid
Adequate suction is essential and can be achieved with
saliva ejector, aspirator or suction.
•
Blood and debris can be removed by suction or by wiping or
blotting with gauze piece.
•
Compressed air and gauze squares can be used to facilitate
visual inspection of tooth surfaces just below gingival margin.
THANK YOU
Q.1. Aerosols are produced by:
(A) magnetostrictive scaler
(B) Sonic scaler
(C) peizo electric scaler
(D) all of the above
•
Q.2. Chair position in pregnant patient:
(a) supine
(b) Semisupine
(c) Trendelenberg
(d) Left lateral
Q.3. Most common used finger for retraction is:
(a) Thumb
(b) middle finger
(c) Index finger
(d) Ring finger
Q.4. in which trimester of pregnancy the periodontal treatment
is considered to be safe:
(a) first
(b) second
(c) third
(d) in any of trimester
Q.5. The distance from patients mouth to the eyes of the
clinician:
(a) 12-14 inches
(b) 14-16 inches
(c) 16-18 inches
(d) 18-20 inches
Understanding the general principles of dental instrumentation is crucial for efficient dental procedures. This includes aspects such as instrument activation, maintaining a clean field, and proper positioning of the operator and patient for optimal visibility and accessibility. Attention to detail in instrument stabilization and stroke, as well as patient positioning on the dental chair, contributes to the success of dental treatments.
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Presentation Transcript
INTENDED LEARNING OBJECTIVES Accessibility Visibility, illumination and retraction Condition of instruments Maintaining of clean field Instrument stabilization Instrument activation Instrument stroke Scaling and root planing
ACCESSIBILITY Position of operator The clinician should be seated on a comfortable operating stool that has been positioned so that- Head is relatively erect. Head in the least strained position vertically and horizontally. Eyes are directed downward in a manner that prevents head and neck strain. Distance from patients mouth to the eyes of clinician should be 14-16 inches.
Shoulders are relaxed. Fore arm and wrist are kept in straight line, wrist is neither flexed nor extended. Body weight is completely supported by chair. Back is straight and erect. Thighs should parallel with floor. Feet should flat on the floor.
The patients chin is at 6 O clock. The right handed clinician sits between 9 and 12 O clock. The left handed clinician sits on opposite side between 12 to 3 O clock.
Position of the patient For maxillary arch- The patient should be asked to raise the chin slightly to provide visibility and accessibility. For mandibular arch- It may be necessary to raise the back of chair slightly and request that the patient lower the chin untill the mandible is parallel to the floor.
Assistant is seated with eye level 4-6 inches above the clinician s eye level and facing towards the head of the dental chair.
The various positions of the patients on the dental chair- Upright initial position from which chair position are made. Semiupright- respiratory and cardiovascular patients. Supine- flat position with head and feet are on the same position. Trendlenburg- modified supine position when the head is lower than the heart. The brain is lower than heart and feet slightly elevated.
VISIBILITY, ILLUMINATION AND RETRACTION Direct vision and direct illumination from dental light is most desirable. If this is not possible, indirect vision may be obtained by using mouth mirror and indirect illumination may be obtained by using the mirror to reflect the light to where it is needed. Indirect vision and indirect illumination are often used simultaneously.
Retraction provides visibility, accessibility and illumination. Fingers and/or mirrors are used for retraction. Use the mirror to deflect the cheek, while the fingers of non operating hand retract the lips and protect the angle of mouth from irritation. Use the mirror alone to retract the lips and cheek. Use the finger of non operating hand to retract the lips. Use mirror to retract the tongue. Combination of the preceding methods. EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR RETRACTION
Direct vision and direct illumination Indirect vision and indirect illumination
Retraction by index finger Retraction by mouth mirror
While retracting care should be taken to avoid irritation to the angle of the mouth. If the lips and skin are dry, softening the lips with petroleum jelly before instrumentation is helpful precaution against cracking and bleeding. Careful retraction is especially important for a patient with history of recurrent Herpes Labialis because these patient may easily develop herpatic lesions after instrumentation.
CONDITION AND SHARPNESS OF INSTRUMENT Steps in the effective care of instrument Instruments are cleaned after each use by removing blood and debris under running water. The instruments are sharpen regularly and sharpness is checked thereafter. Instruments are sterilized thoroughly.
MAINTAINING CLEAN FIELD Operating field is obscured by saliva, blood and debris. To avoid Adequate suction is essential and can be achieved with saliva ejector, aspirator or suction.
Blood and debris can be removed by suction or by wiping or blotting with gauze piece. Compressed air and gauze squares can be used to facilitate visual inspection of tooth surfaces just below gingival margin.
Q.1. Aerosols are produced by: (A) magnetostrictive scaler (B) Sonic scaler (C) peizo electric scaler (D) all of the above
Q.2. Chair position in pregnant patient: (a) supine (b) Semisupine (c) Trendelenberg (d) Left lateral
Q.3. Most common used finger for retraction is: (a) Thumb (b) middle finger (c) Index finger (d) Ring finger
Q.4. in which trimester of pregnancy the periodontal treatment is considered to be safe: (a) first (b) second (c) third (d) in any of trimester
Q.5. The distance from patients mouth to the eyes of the clinician: (a) 12-14 inches (b) 14-16 inches (c) 16-18 inches (d) 18-20 inches
