Porcelain and Feldspar in Ceramics
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Brick clays high in alkalis and iron but low in alumina facilitate forming processes. Porcelain, made from Kaolin, quartz, and feldspar, is a vitreous ceramic fired at high temperatures. Different types of porcelain, including soft-paste and hard-paste, vary in clay and alumina content affecting firing temperatures and plasticity. Feldspar, comprising a significant portion of the earth's crust, includes minerals like Orthoclase, Albite, Anorthite, and Petalite with varying compositions.
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Brick clays tend to be high in alkalis and iron, but low in alumina. The clays usually have moderate to high plasticity, which facilitates the forming process. Porcelain is a white, thin, and translucent ceramic which is made from Kaolin, quartz, and feldspar. Fired at (1250 1300 C) it is an example of vitreous ware. Soft-paste porcelain is porcelain with low clay content that results in a low alumina content. This formulation allows a lower firing temperature, but provides less plastic body. Hard-paste porcelain is porcelain with a relatively high alumina content derived from clay and feldspar, which permits good plasticity and formability, but requires a high firing temperature (1300 1400 C).
Feldspar Feldspars constitute an abundant mineral group and make up an estimated (60%) of the earth s crust, and they are present in several sedimentary deposits and are found in almost all the igneous and metamorphic rocks. Feldspars define as a silicate ceramic and classified according its composition into: 1- Orthoclase: a mineral rich in the potassium with the composition of K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2.
2- Albite: a mineral rich in the sodium with the composition of Na2O.Al2O3.6SiO2. 3- Anorthite: a mineral rich in the calcium with the composition of CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2. 4- Petalite: a mineral rich in the lithium with the composition of Li2O.Al2O3.8SiO2.
