Pioneers of Investigative Journalism: Inspiring Stories of Journalists Who Made a Difference
Explore the lives of influential journalists who made significant impacts through investigative reporting. From Joseph Pulitzer's fight against yellow journalism to Ida Tarbell's exposé on monopolies, these journalists like Upton Sinclair and Dorothy Thompson paved the way for ethical and impactful journalism. Their dedication to uncovering the truth shaped the history of the free press.
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Journalists and a Free Press
Joseph Pulitzer was born in 1847 in Hungary. Twenty years later, he became an American citizen. He worked as a reporter in St. Louis, Missouri. Soon, he was able to buy the St. Louis Post-Dispatch newspaper. Later, he bought another newspaper in New York called The World. He became one of the biggest newspaper publishers in the country. He also learned that he could sell more newspapers if he included exciting titles and stories, even if they were exaggerated. This was called yellow journalism. Journalists are expected to avoid yellow journalism today. Today, he is known for the annual awards given to journalists in his name.
Upton Sinclair was born in Maryland in 1878. After graduating from college in New York, he became a freelance journalist. That means he wrote for several different newspapers. He used his living as a journalist to support his passion for writing novels. He worked undercover in the meat- packing industry. Based on his experience, he wrote The Jungle, a book about the mistreatment of workers and unhealthy practices in the meat-packing industry. Here, he is pictured in 1914 in front of the Standard Oil building, protesting against mistreatment of coal miners in Colorado.
Ida Tarbell was born in Pennsylvania in 1857. She was the only woman to graduate from her college in 1880. Tarbell became an investigative journalist. She would find one subject to write about and investigate it, often for years. One of her biggest stories was to investigate the Standard Oil Company. In her articles, she exposed how the company became a monopoly. A monopoly is a company that takes over an industry and does not allow competition. Monopolies can then unfairly charge whatever prices they want. She mostly wrote for magazines, such as McClure s Magazine.
Dorothy Thompson was born in New York in 1893. In 1936, she was able to have her own column, or weekly article, appear in many newspapers across the country. This is called a syndicated column. She could express her opinions about issues of the day every week. She became passionate about opposing Adolf Hitler and the Nazis in Germany during the 1930s. The United States, however, passed laws called Neutrality Acts during that time. The U.S. government wanted to stay out of war in Europe. Thompson is pictured here in 1939, testifying before the U.S. Senate to repeal the Neutrality Act. In that year, Thompson became known as the First Lady of American Journalism.
