New Evidence for Five Synthetic Chemicals Reported by NILU
Evidence for five synthetic chemicals was reported by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) at the 31st Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The research involved contributions from various experts and focused on new substances with ozone-depleting potential. The assessment panels were tasked with evaluating these substances and recommending potential actions for Parties to consider. Additionally, a screening program in 2017 by AMAP assessed the presence of emerging substances in various environmental samples.
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New evidence for five synthetic chemicals reported by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) Scientific Assessment Panel Nov. 5, 2019 31stMeeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
Contributors James B. Burkholder (NOAA, USA) Andreas Engel (U. Frankfurt, Germany) David W. Fahey (NOAA, USA) Paul J. Fraser (CSIRO, Australia) Michael J. Kurylo (NASA/USRA retired, USA) Jens M hle (UCSD/SIO, USA) Paul A. Newman (NASA, USA) Keiichi Ohnishi (TEAP MCTOC, Japan) Vladimir L. Orkin (NIST, USA) John A. Pyle (U. Cambridge, UK) Stefan Reimann (Empa, Switzerland) Bonfils K. Safari (U. Rwanda, Rwanda) Martin Schlabach (NILU, Norway) Helen Tope (TEAP MCTOC, Energy International Australia, Australia) Martin K. Vollmer (Empa, Switzerland) Ray F. Weiss (UCSD/SIO, USA)
Control of new substances with ODP Decision IX/24: Control of new substance with ozone-depleting potential, which was adopted at the Ninth Meeting of the Parties, states: 1. That any Party may bring to the attention of the Secretariat the existence of new substances which it believes have the potential to deplete the ozone layer and have the likelihood of substantial production, but which are not listed as controlled substances under Article 2 of the Protocol; 2. To request the Secretariat to forward such information forthwith to the Scientific Assessment Panel and the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel; 3. To request the Scientific Assessment Panel to carry out an assessment of the ozone-depleting potential of any such substances of which it is aware either as a result of information provided by Parties, or otherwise, to pass that information to the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel as soon as possible, and to report to the next ordinary Meeting of the Parties; 4. To request the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel to report to each ordinary Meeting of the Parties on any such new substances of which it is aware either as a result of information provided by Parties, or otherwise, and for which the Scientific Assessment Panel has estimated to have a significant ozone-depleting potential. The report shall include an evaluation of the extent of use or potential use of each substance and if necessary the potential alternatives, and shall make recommendations on actions which the Parties should consider taking;
Screening Programme 2017 - AMAP Assessment compounds NILU Norwegian Institute for Air Research, ISBN: 978- 82-425-2940-4, ISSN: 2464-3327 Martin Schlabach (NILU), Bert van Bavel (NIVA), Jose Antonio Baz Lomba (NIVA), Anders Borgen (NILU), Geir Wing Gabrielsen (NPI), Arntraut G tsch (NILU), Anne- Karine Halse (NILU), Linda Hanssen (NILU), Ingjerd Sunde Krogseth (NILU), Vladimir Nikiforov (NILU), Torgeir Nyg rd (NINA), Pernilla Bohlin Nizzetto (NILU), Malcolm Reid (NIVA), Pawel Rostkowski (NILU), Saer Samanipour (NIVA) Summary: This report summarizes the findings of a screening study on the occurrence of emerging substances selected by AMAP and other related substances measured earlier. The study includes selected solvents, siloxanes, flame retardants, UV compounds, pesticides, bisphenols and other PBT compounds in effluent, ambient air, biota, and marine plastic. AMAP = Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program
Five chemicals identified in the atmosphere PFPHP (C14F24) Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (Vitreon, Flutec PP 11), CAS 306-91-2 PFTBA (C12F27N) Tris(perfluorobutyl)-amine (FC-43), CAS 311-89-7 TCHFB (C4Cl4F6) 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorohexafluorobutane, CAS 375-45-1, CFC-316lbb DCTFP (C5Cl2F3N) 3,5-Dichloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyridine, CAS 1737-93-5 DCTCB (C7H3Cl5) 1,2-Dichloro-3-(trichloromethyl)benzene, CAS 84613-97-8
Classification, Function, Market Name Classif. Function Market Solvent, e.g., as an electronics fluid, and has been considered for use in cosmetics, as a blood replacement, and for eye surgery. Solvent used in the electronics, and heat transfer applications, e.g., to cool super-computer devices, and for artificial blood replacements.. It is also used as a calibration substance for quadrupole mass spectrometers Solvent, reaction solvent for fluorination, and as an intermediate for PFBD, which is used as an etching/cleaning gas in semi-conductor industry Intermediates in the manufacture of pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals. PFPHP Small PFC PFTBA Small PFC TCHFB Small CFC Halogenated Aromatics DCTFP - Intermediates in the manufacture of pharmaceutical Halogenated DCTCB - Small market size means less than a few hundred tonnes p.a. Aromatics and agricultural chemicals.
Properties PFPHP (C14F24) 0.05 ppq, long-lived GHG ~2000 yr., Not an ODS, No ODP or GWP estimates from the lab. PFTBA (C12F27N) 0.55 ppq (Hong et al., 2018: 180 ppq), 100-y GWP = 7,100, Not an ODS, no ODP estimate from the lab. TCHFB (C4Cl4F6) 0.51 ppq, lifetime ~ 100 yr., An ODS. No ODP or GWP estimates from the lab. DCTFP (C5Cl2F3N) 0.02 ppq, lifetime estimated 1-12 months, an ODS. No ODP or GWP estimates from the lab. DCTCB (C7H3Cl5) 0.35 ppq, lifetime < 3 months. An ODS. No ODP or GWP estimates from the lab.
Summary The five chemicals detected by NILU [2018] (PFPHP, PFTBA, TCHFB, DCTFP and DCTCB) occur in the Arctic atmosphere at very low concentrations (e.g., the observed 0.51 ppq value of TCHFB is about 450,000 times smaller than the 2017 global CFC-11 mean value of 229 ppt). PFTBA is a powerful GHG, while the other four are likely to be powerful GHGs. Three (TCHFB, DCTFP, and DCTCB) are ODSs. However, at their current very low atmospheric concentrations, these substances are not currently threats to the ozone layer and are likely to have a miniscule impact on climate. The measurement techniques provide only lower-limit quantitative estimates with large uncertainties, and the NILU [2018] report has not yet appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. These data therefore cannot be used for future trend studies. NILU researchers are currently refining their observations to fill the gap in sampling and measurement of chemicals with vapor pressure between the very volatile greenhouse gases and the classical semi-volatiles like PCBs and chlorinated pesticides. Analyses of some of these chemicals (PTPHP, TCHFB, and DCTFP) for their atmospheric properties are in progress, but are not presently published.
