National Programme for Control of Blindness & Visual Impairment: Overview and Objectives
The National Programme for Control of Blindness & Visual Impairment (NPCBVI) aims to reduce the prevalence of blindness through comprehensive eye care services and community awareness initiatives. Launched in 1976, the program targets various causes of blindness such as cataract and glaucoma. By enhancing eye care facilities at different healthcare levels and promoting preventive measures, NPCBVI strives to achieve the WHO goal of reducing avoidable blindness. Strategies include community-based health care approaches, cataract surgeries, and strengthening ophthalmology institutes, supported by continuous monitoring and evaluation.
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National Programme for Control of Blindness & Visual Impairment NPCBVI
Burden of Blindness Prevalence of Blindness - 1.1%. (Blindness Survey 2001-02). Prevalence of Blindness 1.0%. (Blindness Survey 2006-07). Prevalence of Blindness 0.36% (Blindness Survey 2015-19). WHO Goal reduction of prevalence of avoidable blindness to 0.3% by 2020. NHP target to reduce the prevalence of blindness to 0.25 by 2025 and disease burden by one third from current levels. Causes of Blindness (as per Blindness Survey 2015-19) Cataract (66.2%) Corneal opacity (7.4%) Cataract surgical complications (7.2%) Posterior segment disorders excluding DR and ARMD (5.9%) Glaucoma (5.5%)
National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment National Program for Control of Blindness (NPCB) launched in 1976. All district hospitals and PHCs are covered under the programme Nomenclature of the programme was changed from National Program for Control of Blindness to National Program for Control of Blindness & Visual Impairment (NPCBVI) in 2017. Change in definition of blindness in line with the definition of WHO: Visual acuity of less than 3/60, or a corresponding visual field loss to less than 10 , in the better eye with the best possible correction .
Goals & Objectives Goal To reduce the prevalence of blindness to 0.3% by the year 2020 Objectives Reduce the backlog of blindness through identification and treatment of blind. Develop comprehensive eye-care facilities at each level i.e. PHCs, CHCs, Dist. Hospitals, Medical Colleges and Regional Institutes of Ophthalmology. Develop human resources for providing Eye Care Services. Improve quality of service delivery. Secure participation of Voluntary Organizations/Private Practitioners in eye care services. Enhance community awareness on eye care.
Programme Strategies Community based primary health care approach including screening eye camps services by district hospitals and NGOs Preventive and promotive eye care services at PHC/CHC/ HWCs including IEC activities for promotion and preventive eye care and eye donation. Dedicated services for cataract surgery, refractive error and distribution of free Spectacles to school children and elderly patients at district and NGO hospitals along with screening for other eye diseases. Strengthening of Regional Institutes of Ophthalmology to provide dedicated tertiary level eye care facilities and in-service training of health personnel at all levels. Information, Education & Communication (IEC) using mass media, folk media and other communication channels to reach out to the target community. Continuous monitoring and independent evaluation of the Programme and conducting periodic national surveys and research . 12/17/2024
Packages of services Services at various levels Free Cataract Surgery District/Sub District Hospital NGO eye hospitals/ Pvt. Practitioners 1 2 Refraction and Distribution of Free spectacles to School children District Hospitals PHC/Vision Centre 3 District Hospitals, Govt. Schools PHCs/Vision Centres Refraction and Distribution of Free spectacles to elderly 4 Diagnosis and Treatment of other eye diseases (DR, glaucoma, childhood blindness. Keratoplasty and Vitreoretinal surgery) District Hospital NGO eye hospitals/Pvt. Practitioners 5 Collection of donated eyes Eye Banks and Eye Donation Centres 6 IEC District Hospitals, CHCs,PHCs 7 Conducting outreach eye camps District Hospitals NGO Eye Hospitals 8 Provision of super specialty and referral eye care services for diabetic retinopathy, Glaucoma, childhood blindness, retinopathy of prematurity and Keratoplasty (corneal transplantation) etc. Regional Institutes of Ophthalmology, selected NGO hospitals
Package of Financial Assistance to States Component Revised norms during (2017-2020) Recurring Grant-in-aid Cataract operations in Government Sector and NGO/private sector. @Rs.2000/- per case to NGOs & Pvt. Practitioners. @ Rs.1000/- per case to District Hospitals. Vitreoretinal Surgery Keratoplasty (Reimbursement to NGOs only) Diabetic Retinopathy Medical treatment@ Rs.2000/- Childhood Blindness@ Rs.2000/- Glaucoma @ Rs.2000/- Keratoplasty @Rs.7,500/- Vitreoretinal Surgery @Rs.10,000/- Free Spectacles to school children Rs.350/- per spectacles Free spectacles to elderly population Rs.350/- per spectacles Collection of donated eyes Rs.2000/- per pair of eye Grant-in-aid for IEC in State/district State level IEC @Rs.10 lakh for small States and Rs.20 lakh for big States Management of State Health Society (for staff salaries, mobility support and review meetings) 10 lakh for small States and Rs.20 lakh for big States
Package of Financial Assistance to States Component Revised norms during (2017-2020) Non Recurring Grant-in-Aid Grant-in-aid for District/Sub-District Hospital/CHSs and PHCs for procurement of eye equipments Based on state PIP proposals Grant-in-aid for construction of Eye OT and Wards at District Hospitals Upto Rs.100 lakh per District as per State PIP proposals Grant-in-aid for Mobile Ophthalmic Unit Upto Rs.30 lakh Grant-in-aid for Eye Banks (in public sector only) upto Rs.40 lakh per unit as per approved list of equipment by NPCB&VI Grant-in-aid for Eye Donation Centres (in public sector only) Rs.1 lakh per unit
Major issues/challenges Low utilization of allotted funds by most of the States. Delay in release of funds from State Treasury/State NHM to State Programme Officers Delay in NGO payments (for performing cataract surgeries and treatment of other eye diseases) by District Programme Officers Quality issue: Sporadic reports of episodes of surgical complications, despite circulation of prescribed eye surgery guidelines. Catarct surgical complications account for 7.2% of blindness To provide quality eye care services and prevent mishaps, establishment of dedicated eye OTs and ward in all district/sub- district hospitals. The district Ophthalmologists are encouraged to undergo refresher training at designated institutes.
