Momentum in Physics
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Introduction to Momentum
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The quantity of motion of a moving body
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Depends on mass and velocity
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Measured by multiplying mass to the
velocity
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Vector
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Measured in kg*m/s or N*s
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Momentum = mass x velocity
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p=mV
–
p=momentum
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m=mass (kg)
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V=velocity (m/s)
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x
a
m
p
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e
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Calculate the momentum of a 6.2 kg
pumpkin traveling at a velocity of 5.0 m/s
west.
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A baseball of mass 0.14 kg is moving at
35.0 m/s. Find the momentum of the
baseball.
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A)4.9
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B)1.4
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C)35
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D)250
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Find the velocity of a bowling ball with a
mass of 7.6 kg and a momentum of 4.9 kg
m/s.
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A)283
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B)37.2
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C)0.64
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D).20
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When an object stops or changes its
velocity the momentum changes
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Δp=mΔV
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Or Δp=m(V
f
-V
i
)
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A 0.50 kg water balloon is thrown against a
wall at 32 m/s coming to a stop. What was
its change in momentum?
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A 0.50 kg bouncy ball is thrown at 32 m/s,
bouncing back with the same speed. How
does its change in momentum compare to
that of the water balloon?
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A) -32 kg m/s so twice as large
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B) There is no difference
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C) There is 0 change in momentum
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Momentum-Impulse Theory
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It is the change in momentum (Δp)
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Δp=mΔV or m(V
f
-V
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)
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.
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So Impulse can be defined as the product of the
force and the time in which the force is acting on
an object
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Δp=FΔt
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So… FΔt=mΔV
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m
p
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Luigi is sick of taking orders. He swings a
9.0 kg hammer at 16 m/s when Mario’s
mustache brings it to a stop in 0.25 s. What
is the net force exerted on Mario’s
mustache?
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A soccer player kicks a 0.450 kg ball at
25.0 m/s east. If the goalie stops the ball by
exert 215 N of force, how long does it take
the ball to stop?
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A)2418 s
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B)0.052 s
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C)3 s
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D)1 s
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If the goalie stops the 6.5 kg bowling ball
traveling at the same velocity in the same
amount of time, how much force is
required?
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A)6000
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B)3250
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C)2000
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D)1000
D
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Coaches for many sports such as baseball,
tennis and golf can often be heard telling
their athletes to “follow through” with their
swing. How does this help a weaker player
hit a ball farther than a stronger player?
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Use the momentum-impulse theory
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Using the principle of impulse, explain why
an airbag can help people sustain less
damage during a collision.
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Law of Conservation of
Momentum
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Newton’s 3
rd
Law
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Every action force has an equal and
opposite reaction force
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Two colliding objects experience equal and
opposite forces for the same amount of
time, then their impulses must be equal and
opposite
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p
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A cue ball is traveling with a momentum of
5 kg m/s east and strikes the 8 ball. If the
cue ball comes to a stop what is the change
in momentum on the cue ball? How about
on the 8 ball?
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a
m
p
l
e
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A clown is stuck on a sheet of frictionless
ice. He hurls one of his clown shoes with
momentum of 80 kg m/s east. What is his
momentum before and after he throws his
shoe?
•
A fullback is traveling to the right with a
momentum of 120 kgm/s while a linebacker
is traveling to the left with a momentum of
110 kgm/s. If they stick together, what is
their total momentum before and after they
collide
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In an isolated system, momentum is not
created or destroyed during any interaction
(collision)
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An isolated system means no external
forces act on the system
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T
otal initial momentum = Total final
momentum
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pi=pf
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m
1
V
1i
+ m
2
V
2i
= m
1
v
1f
+ m
2
V
2f
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A collision in which the total momentum and
the total kinetic energy are conserved is
called an elastic collision
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The objects will separate from each other
after the collision
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m
1
V
1i
+ m
2
V
2i
= m
1
v
1f
+ m
2
V
2f
E
x
a
m
p
l
e
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A 7.1 kg bowling ball is rolling to the right
at 3.8 m/s when it collides with a stationary
0.40 kg bowling pin. After the collision, the
bowling ball is traveling at 2.9 m/s to the
right. How fast is the pin moving after the
collision?
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A 0.25 kg cue ball is traveling east at 4.5
m/s when it collides head on with a 0.25 kg
eight ball traveling west at 5.0 m/s. After the
collision the cue ball Is traveling west at 2.0
m/s. What is the final velocity of the eight ball
A) 4.5 m/s
B) 1.5 m/s
C) 9.5 m/s
D) 2.0 m/s
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m
1
V
1
i
+
m
2
V
2
i
=
(
m
1
+
m
2
)
V
f
E
x
a
m
p
l
e
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A 0.105-kg hockey puck moving at 48 m/s
is caug
ht by a 75-kg goalie at rest. If the ice
is frictionless, at what velocity will the goalie
slide on the ice after catching the puck?
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A 35.0-g bullet strikes a 5.0-kg stationary
wooden block and embeds itself in the
block. The block and bullet move together
at 8.6 m/s. What was the original velocity of
the bullet?
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A) 12 m/s
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B) 9.9 m/s
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C) 1200 m/s
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D) 40 m/s
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In a situation in which you have one object
separate into pieces
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The initial momentum is zero
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The law of conservation will still apply here
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0 = m
1
v
1f
+ m
2
V
2f
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m
p
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A 0.050 kg bullet is fired from a 5.0 kg gun.
If the velocity of the bullet is 275 m/s, what is
the recoil velocity of the gun?
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A firecracker sits in a 7.0 kg pumpkin. After
It explodes, the pumpkin splits into two
chunks. A 5.0 kg piece travels west at 10.0
m/s. What is the mass and velocity of the
other piece? (Ignore the mass of the
firecracker)
A)
25 m/s B) 40 m/s
C) 10 m/s D) 50 m/s
Explore the concept of momentum and how it relates to the motion of objects. Learn how to calculate momentum, find velocity, and understand impulse in this comprehensive guide. Engage with examples and interactive questions to deepen your understanding of this fundamental concept in physics.
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Presentation Transcript
Momentum Introduction to Momentum
What is Momentum? The quantity of motion of a moving body Depends on mass and velocity Measured by multiplying mass to the velocity Vector Measured in kg*m/s or N*s
How is momentum measured? Momentum = mass x velocity p=mV p=momentum m=mass (kg) V=velocity (m/s)
Example Calculate the momentum of a 6.2 kg pumpkin traveling at a velocity of 5.0 m/s west.
Clicker Question A baseball of mass 0.14 kg is moving at 35.0 m/s. Find the momentum of the baseball. A)4.9 B)1.4 C)35 D)250
Clicker question Find the velocity of a bowling ball with a mass of 7.6 kg and a momentum of 4.9 kg m/s. A)283 B)37.2 C)0.64 D).20
Impulse-Change in Momentum When an object stops or changes its velocity the momentum changes p=m V Or p=m(Vf-Vi)
Example A 0.50 kg water balloon is thrown against a wall at 32 m/s coming to a stop. What was its change in momentum?
Clicker Question A 0.50 kg bouncy ball is thrown at 32 m/s, bouncing back with the same speed. How does its change in momentum compare to that of the water balloon? A) -32 kg m/s so twice as large B) There is no difference C) There is 0 change in momentum
Momentum Momentum-Impulse Theory
What is impulse? It is the change in momentum ( p) p=m V or m(Vf-Vi) The impulse-momentum theorem states that when a net force is applied to an object over a certain time interval, the force will cause a change in the object s momentum. So Impulse can be defined as the product of the force and the time in which the force is acting on an object p=F t So F t=m V
Example Luigi is sick of taking orders. He swings a 9.0 kg hammer at 16 m/s when Mario s mustache brings it to a stop in 0.25 s. What is the net force exerted on Mario s mustache?
Clicker Question A soccer player kicks a 0.450 kg ball at 25.0 m/s east. If the goalie stops the ball by exert 215 N of force, how long does it take the ball to stop? A)2418 s B)0.052 s C)3 s D)1 s
Clicker Question If the goalie stops the 6.5 kg bowling ball traveling at the same velocity in the same amount of time, how much force is required? A)6000 B)3250 C)2000 D)1000
Discuss Coaches for many sports such as baseball, tennis and golf can often be heard telling their athletes to follow through with their swing. How does this help a weaker player hit a ball farther than a stronger player? Use the momentum-impulse theory
Discuss Using the principle of impulse, explain why an airbag can help people sustain less damage during a collision.
Momentum Law of Conservation of Momentum
Recall Newton s 3rdLaw Every action force has an equal and opposite reaction force Two colliding objects experience equal and opposite forces for the same amount of time, then their impulses must be equal and opposite
Example A cue ball is traveling with a momentum of 5 kg m/s east and strikes the 8 ball. If the cue ball comes to a stop what is the change in momentum on the cue ball? How about on the 8 ball?
Example A clown is stuck on a sheet of frictionless ice. He hurls one of his clown shoes with momentum of 80 kg m/s east. What is his momentum before and after he throws his shoe?
A fullback is traveling to the right with a momentum of 120 kgm/s while a linebacker is traveling to the left with a momentum of 110 kgm/s. If they stick together, what is their total momentum before and after they collide
Law of Conservation of Momentum In an isolated system, momentum is not created or destroyed during any interaction (collision) An isolated system means no external forces act on the system Total initial momentum = Total final momentum pi=pf m1V1i+ m2V2i= m1v1f+ m2V2f
Elastic Collision A collision in which the total momentum and the total kinetic energy are conserved is called an elastic collision The objects will separate from each other after the collision m1V1i+ m2V2i= m1v1f+ m2V2f
Example A 7.1 kg bowling ball is rolling to the right at 3.8 m/s when it collides with a stationary 0.40 kg bowling pin. After the collision, the bowling ball is traveling at 2.9 m/s to the right. How fast is the pin moving after the collision?
A 0.25 kg cue ball is traveling east at 4.5 m/s when it collides head on with a 0.25 kg eight ball traveling west at 5.0 m/s. After the collision the cue ball Is traveling west at 2.0 m/s. What is the final velocity of the eight ball A) 4.5 m/s B) 1.5 m/s C) 9.5 m/s D) 2.0 m/s
Inelastic Collisions A collision in which two objects stick together after colliding and move together as one mass is called a perfectly inelastic collision. m1V1i+ m2V2i= (m1+ m2)Vf
Example A 0.105-kg hockey puck moving at 48 m/s is caught by a 75-kg goalie at rest. If the ice is frictionless, at what velocity will the goalie slide on the ice after catching the puck?
Clicker Question A 35.0-g bullet strikes a 5.0-kg stationary wooden block and embeds itself in the block. The block and bullet move together at 8.6 m/s. What was the original velocity of the bullet? A) 12 m/s B) 9.9 m/s C) 1200 m/s D) 40 m/s
Explosions In a situation in which you have one object separate into pieces The initial momentum is zero The law of conservation will still apply here 0 = m1v1f+ m2V2f
Example A 0.050 kg bullet is fired from a 5.0 kg gun. If the velocity of the bullet is 275 m/s, what is the recoil velocity of the gun?
Clicker Question A firecracker sits in a 7.0 kg pumpkin. After It explodes, the pumpkin splits into two chunks. A 5.0 kg piece travels west at 10.0 m/s. What is the mass and velocity of the other piece? (Ignore the mass of the firecracker) A) 25 m/s B) 40 m/s C) 10 m/s D) 50 m/s
