Mastering the Art of Essay Writing
How to Write Good Essays
Prepared by: D K Singhal
2
Oh! Essays….
•
Essays are important to get good marks.
•
But, after you leave college…….?
Prepared by: D K Singhal
3
•
You may be asked to write project reports,
observation reports, audit reports etc.
•
A good essay writing capability will help you
writing all these with ease, in a fairly readable
and presentable manner.
•
No doubt, it also gives you an upper edge over
your colleagues.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
4
Why to Discuss it Here?
•
Why this separate class for the essays?
•
In school-
–
More focus on marks
–
Monotony
–
More number of students
–
Lack of knowledge of working culture in modern
job scenario
–
Overloaded teachers
Prepared by: D K Singhal
5
What is an essay?
•
An Essay is a group of paragraphs about a
specific subject.
•
Like a paragraph, an essay generally makes
and supports one main theme point.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
6
Essay
•
An essay is a literary
device for saying
almost everything
about almost
anything
Prepared by: D K Singhal
7
Is That You?
Prepared by: D K Singhal
8
Why to Write an Essay?
•
You want to convince someone regarding your
point of view regarding an issue.
•
You want to present multiple ideas/issues that
wouldn’t fit into a single paragraph situation.
•
You want to sound intelligent and organized.
•
Finally, you want to get good marks in your
school, college or university!
Prepared by: D K Singhal
9
Types of Essays
Argumentative Essay
Cause And Effect Essay
Classification Essay
Comparison Essay
Critical Essay
Deductive Essay
Descriptive Essay
Definition Essay
Discussion Essay
Exploratory Essay
Scholarship Essay
Informal Essay
Literature Essay
Narrative Essay
Personal Essay
Persuasive Essay
Research Essay
Response Essay
Prepared by: D K Singhal
10
•
That was the approach you are used to
understand topics in school.
•
Don’t be afraid. I am not going to be so BORING.
•
So, shell we begin visualizing essays in a different
perspective?
•
If yes, be prepared to answer a couple of
questions.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
11
Q. 1:
Do you like
Golgappe?
Prepared by: D K Singhal
12
Do you like Golgappe?
•
Funny!
•
Isn’t it?
•
What is common
between Golgappe
and Essays?
•
Anyway, move on
to the next
question……
Prepared by: D K Singhal
13
Q. 2:
•
Well! If some of you don’t like Golgappe,
replace this with Rasgulle, and answer this-
•
Can you eat five Golgappe (Rasgulle)
at a time?
•
Yes / No.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
14
Ans.:
•
I think you cannot eat five Golgappe (or
Rasgulle) at one time.
•
You eat these only one by one. First, second,
third…… and so and so forth.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
15
Lesson:
•
That is the first aspect of writing an essay.
•
Never try to write the whole essay in one go;
write it in step by step.
•
Break your essay in several parts.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
16
Essay Breaking Examples-
•
Introduction
•
Body Text
–
About the topic
–
Its good points
–
Its disadvantages
•
Conclusion
Prepared by: D K Singhal
17
Introduction
•
Does
Introduction
need any introduction?
•
Tell me if you are asked to write an essay on
“My School”, what are going to be first two-
three lines of it?
Prepared by: D K Singhal
18
•
My school name is…..abcdef….?
•
This is a good school.
•
I read in …..abcdef…. School.
•
It is located at ….abc Road……
•
Or would you like to consider something
different?
Prepared by: D K Singhal
19
My School
•
Basic education plays an important role in
developing good citizens for country.
•
A good school is like a ‘processing plant’
where capabilities of a student are developed
and improved continuously.
•
My school, “
Name of Your School
” is sincerely
fulfilling its responsibilities towards its goal to
a better nation.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
20
Introduction
•
Never jump to main topic at once.
•
Start at some other point, and slowly and
slowly come to the main subject.
•
Remember, from something else, you have to
come to the point, and not follow the reverse
path, like in next example.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
21
•
My school name is …..abcdef…..
•
My school is very big. Airplane is also very big.
Airplane flies in the air. We breathe in air. Air is
very important for us to live. Studies are also very
important. So we go to our school. I go by bus to
my school. I like going to school and coming back
from school. It is the time in between I don’t like
much.
•
Out of 10, how many marks you’d give to this
type of essay.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
22
Another Example: What are the various
sources and types of Air Pollution ?
•
As a result of removal of natural vegetation, industrialization and
increase in the number of automobiles, the air over big cities is
heavily contaminated with dust, smoke and poisonous gases like
carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.
•
The contamination of air with dust, smoke and harmful gases,
which adversely affect human beings and other living organisms,
is called air pollution. The substances whose presence in air
produces air pollution are called air pollutants.
•
Some of the major air pollutants are carbon monoxide, excess
carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, lower
organic molecules, dust and smoke. Polluted air produces a large
number of harmful effects on the living and non-living things.
•
So Boring……
Prepared by: D K Singhal
23
•
Remember-
•
A good introduction must be able to create
readers interest in whatever you have written.
•
It is the introduction on which the reader
usually decides whether to it read further or
not.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
24
What Not to write in Introduction
•
Don’t apologize- no starting like- “In my
opinion” or “I may not be an expert, but….”
•
Don’t begin with dictionary definitions.
•
Don’t announce what you intend to do. “The
purpose of this essay is to….” or “I am going to
argue that….” should be avoided.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
25
Body Text
•
Body text is the main part of essay.
•
Here you need to be very clear, specific,
straightforward, and systematic.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
26
Body Text: Outline
•
For more clear vision, let us divide body text
also in several heads. This is called outlining or
structuring.
•
A few examples show this-
Prepared by: D K Singhal
27
Outline: My School
My school
•
Strength (no. of students)
•
Canteen….. ……. …….!!!!
•
No. of Teachers
•
No. of Classrooms, laboratories etc.
•
Recreational facilities
•
Other achievements
•
etc. etc.
•
You may decide to write 1-2 or 3 lines on every
point.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
28
•
Did you notice something?
•
In outline or structure, you must have noticed
that the canteen is coming between students
and teachers.
•
Does it look nice?
•
No. But after writing outlines, you can change
the sequence of the outline points.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
29
My school
•
Strength (no. of students)
•
Canteen….. ……. …….!!!!
•
No. of Teachers
•
No. of Classrooms, laboratories etc.
•
Recreational facilities
•
Other achievements
•
etc. etc.
•
You may decide to write 1-2-3 or more lines on
every point.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
30
•
Before going further, take a break for a couple
of minutes and think if you would like to give
good marks to a student in essay where
canteen comes in between students and
teachers?
Prepared by: D K Singhal
31
•
Well, while many of you are smiling, why
there are some faced who are looking sad?
•
Remembering Golgappas!
Prepared by: D K Singhal
32
Body Text
•
Flow (Readability)
•
Flow is another important requirement in any
essay. While you read, you must be able to relate
each and every sentence with the earlier one.
•
Read what you have written several times. If you
find it seems a little difficult, fragment some long
sentences or consider changing some words with
their synonyms.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
33
•
In most of the lower classes, poor flow is the
general observation.
•
After you write an essay, try to read by heart
several times to find out any flow problem.
•
Examples….
Prepared by: D K Singhal
34
Example: If I were the principal of my school
•
As the session begins, I would see to it that all the difficult subjects
are not taught one after the other. Science should be followed by
English and not by Maths. Sometimes the principals of schools have
a poor knowledge of what students like and they thrust a lot down
their throats without caring that they are not always receptive.
•
I would encourage a lot of sports and extra curricular activities like
drama, music, painting, creative writing, clay modeling,
photography, horse riding, swimming, dancing, etc. This would keep
the students interested in coming to school and they would enjoy
their long hours of stay in school. When there are so many
interesting activities for the students, they remain happy and their
mind is able to absorb the lessons from the most difficult subjects
with greater case.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
35
Example: If I were the principal of my school
•
As the session begins, I would see to it that all the
difficult subjects are not taught one after the
other. Science should be followed by English and
not by Maths.
Sometimes the principals of
schools have a poor knowledge of what students
like and they thrust a lot down their throats
without caring that they are not always receptive.
•
The above underlined matter gives a poor
readability (Poor Flow!).
Prepared by: D K Singhal
36
Grammar
•
Grammar is extremely important.
•
Grammar should
not
be confined to a single
sentence but to entire essay.
•
How is it possible?
Prepared by: D K Singhal
37
Grammar (Examples)
•
Today my parents were at hospital in Delhi.
They will visit my Uncle Raju because he had
an operation. My Uncle is feeling well now
and he will be home soon.
•
Last Sunday, I was on the beach in Goa. I
sunbathed and went swimming because it was
sunny and hot. The beach was crowded and I
had a great time.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
38
Grammar (Examples)
•
Today my parents
were
at hospital in Delhi.
They
will
visit my Uncle Raju because he had
an operation. My Uncle
is
feeling well now
and he
will
be home soon.
•
Last Sunday, I was on the beach in Goa. I
sunbathed and went swimming because it was
sunny and hot. The beach was crowded and I
had a great time.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
39
•
So far you have used grammar mainly to
sentences.
•
A sentence may be grammatically correct, but
if its tense is not the same as per the theme, it
becomes incorrect.
•
Always pay attention to
tenses
in
sentences
.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
40
Sample: Poor Use of Tenses
•
I
go
to the store and I
bought
milk.
•
I
will eat
fish for dinner and
drank
milk with
my dinner.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
41
Sample: Poor Use of Tenses
•
I
go
to the store and I
bought
milk.
–
Go
is a present tense verb.
Bought
is a past tense verb.
Bought should be
buy
milk since these two events both
occur at the same time.
•
I
will eat
fish for dinner and
drank
milk with
my dinner.
–
Will eat
is a future tense verb but
drank
is a past tense
verb. Since the dinner is going to happen in the future, it is
not possible that the milk was drunk already.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
42
Punctuation: Do I need to say more?
Prepared by: D K Singhal
43
Spellings
•
Spellings should be always correct. If you are
in doubt, make a practice to refer to dictionary
regularly. This will help you a lot in later stage.
•
Sometimes, wrong spellings may make a
sentence absurd. Be careful.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
44
Poor Use of Spellings
Prepared by: D K Singhal
45
Poor Spellings!
Prepared by: D K Singhal
46
Conclusions
•
Conclusion is for giving a final impression of
your topic, essay and your views. In
conclusion, you may-
•
Give a recommendation what the reader
should do after reading essay.
•
Give a prediction about what will follow.
•
End with a relevant quote.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
47
Finally…
Prepared by: D K Singhal
48
To write good
essays, you
must have….
Prepared by: D K Singhal
49
General Tricks
•
Do not write in 1
st
person. (Avoid ”I”)
•
Move from weakest point to strongest.
•
Do not start a body / concluding paragraph with a
quotation.
•
Always stick to tense.
•
If you have time, put it aside for some time, and
revise.
•
Read your essay aloud, as you are making a
speech. You will be able to find out some of the
errors.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
50
How to Write Good!
•
In the next slide, you will see simple DO’s and
DON’Ts about how to write good.
•
Each sentence is true, individually correct, but
as a whole, deny of what it itself is saying.
•
May look like organizing a Chowmin-Pizza-
Burger party to spread the message against
fast foods.
Prepared by: D K Singhal
51
Prepared by: D K Singhal
52
Practice
•
Practice Well, before
you can say it……….
•
Whenever stuck,
think……..
•
GOLGAPPAs
Prepared by: D K Singhal
53
About the Author
:
Born in 1968, D K Singhal is B.E., M.E. (Pulp & Paper, 1993) from Deptt. of Paper Technology,
University of Roorkee (now IIT, Roorkee). He was certified as Certified Energy Auditor in 2004
with Bureau of Energy Efficiency. In addition to practical experience in papermaking, project
planning, research and development, consultancy, automation etc.; energy conservation and
cost reduction have been his main areas of concern.
With nearly 6 dozen publications, he has emphasized on development of low cost
technologies and management practices for quality and profitability improvement. With
publications on energymanagertraining.com and paperonweb.com, he has been constantly
contributing to IPPTA. He is also serving IPPTA as a member of Editorial Board and Executive
Committee. With Chandpur Enterprises Ltd., development of quality MG poster paper on
carbon steel fabricated yankee cylinder, design, engineering, erection and commissioning of
surface winding on supercalender both for the first time in India, are some of his
achievements.
An initiative by D K Singhal, a cyber campaign initiated against unjustified targeting of paper
industry by “Idea” mobile, in their “
Sirjee
” advertisement campaign, after which this
advertisement was taken off air.
He has also moderated a Yahoo group, “
PaperTechnology
” with nearly 360 members from
India and abroad to discuss problems related to pulp & paper making.
He can be contacted at
deveshksinghal@gmail.com
Prepared by: D K Singhal
54
Essays play a crucial role in academic and professional settings, allowing you to convey ideas effectively. This guide by D.K. Singhal explores the importance of essays, types of essays, and tips on how to write compelling essays. Enhance your writing skills and excel in your academic and professional pursuits with this comprehensive resource.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Oh! Essays. Essays are important to get good marks. But, after you leave college .? Prepared by: D K Singhal 3
You may be asked to write project reports, observation reports, audit reports etc. A good essay writing capability will help you writing all these with ease, in a fairly readable and presentable manner. No doubt, it also gives you an upper edge over your colleagues. Prepared by: D K Singhal 4
Why to Discuss it Here? Why this separate class for the essays? In school- More focus on marks Monotony More number of students Lack of knowledge of working culture in modern job scenario Overloaded teachers Prepared by: D K Singhal 5
What is an essay? An Essay is a group of paragraphs about a specific subject. Like a paragraph, an essay generally makes and supports one main theme point. Prepared by: D K Singhal 6
Essay An essay is a literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything Prepared by: D K Singhal 7
Is That You? Prepared by: D K Singhal 8
Why to Write an Essay? You want to convince someone regarding your point of view regarding an issue. You want to present multiple ideas/issues that wouldn t fit into a single paragraph situation. You want to sound intelligent and organized. Finally, you want to get good marks in your school, college or university! Prepared by: D K Singhal 9
Types of Essays Argumentative Essay Classification Essay Critical Essay Descriptive Essay Discussion Essay Scholarship Essay Literature Essay Personal Essay Research Essay Cause And Effect Essay Comparison Essay Deductive Essay Definition Essay Exploratory Essay Informal Essay Narrative Essay Persuasive Essay Response Essay Prepared by: D K Singhal 10
That was the approach you are used to understand topics in school. Don t be afraid. I am not going to be so BORING. So, shell we begin visualizing essays in a different perspective? If yes, be prepared to answer a couple of questions. Prepared by: D K Singhal 11
Q. 1: Do you like Golgappe? Prepared by: D K Singhal 12
Do you like Golgappe? Funny! Isn t it? What is common between Golgappe and Essays? Anyway, move on to the next question Prepared by: D K Singhal 13
Q. 2: Well! If some of you don t like Golgappe, replace this with Rasgulle, and answer this- Can you eat five Golgappe (Rasgulle) at a time? Yes / No. Prepared by: D K Singhal 14
Ans.: I think you cannot eat five Golgappe (or Rasgulle) at one time. You eat these only one by one. First, second, third and so and so forth. Prepared by: D K Singhal 15
Lesson: That is the first aspect of writing an essay. Never try to write the whole essay in one go; write it in step by step. Break your essay in several parts. Prepared by: D K Singhal 16
Essay Breaking Examples- Introduction Body Text About the topic Its good points Its disadvantages Conclusion Prepared by: D K Singhal 17
Introduction Does Introduction need any introduction? Tell me if you are asked to write an essay on My School , what are going to be first two- three lines of it? Prepared by: D K Singhal 18
My school name is..abcdef.? This is a good school. I read in ..abcdef . School. It is located at .abc Road Or would you like to consider something different? Prepared by: D K Singhal 19
My School Basic education plays an important role in developing good citizens for country. A good school is like a processing plant where capabilities of a student are developed and improved continuously. My school, Name of Your School is sincerely fulfilling its responsibilities towards its goal to a better nation. Prepared by: D K Singhal 20
Introduction Never jump to main topic at once. Start at some other point, and slowly and slowly come to the main subject. Remember, from something else, you have to come to the point, and not follow the reverse path, like in next example. Prepared by: D K Singhal 21
My school name is ..abcdef.. My school is very big. Airplane is also very big. Airplane flies in the air. We breathe in air. Air is very important for us to live. Studies are also very important. So we go to our school. I go by bus to my school. I like going to school and coming back from school. It is the time in between I don t like much. Out of 10, how many marks you d give to this type of essay. Prepared by: D K Singhal 22
Another Example: What are the various sources and types of Air Pollution ? As a result of removal of natural vegetation, industrialization and increase in the number of automobiles, the air over big cities is heavily contaminated with dust, smoke and poisonous gases like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. The contamination of air with dust, smoke and harmful gases, which adversely affect human beings and other living organisms, is called air pollution. The substances whose presence in air produces air pollution are called air pollutants. Some of the major air pollutants are carbon monoxide, excess carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, lower organic molecules, dust and smoke. Polluted air produces a large number of harmful effects on the living and non-living things. So Boring Prepared by: D K Singhal 23
Remember- A good introduction must be able to create readers interest in whatever you have written. It is the introduction on which the reader usually decides whether to it read further or not. Prepared by: D K Singhal 24
What Not to write in Introduction Don t apologize- no starting like- In my opinion or I may not be an expert, but . Don t begin with dictionary definitions. Don t announce what you intend to do. The purpose of this essay is to . or I am going to argue that . should be avoided. Prepared by: D K Singhal 25
Body Text Body text is the main part of essay. Here you need to be very clear, specific, straightforward, and systematic. Prepared by: D K Singhal 26
Body Text: Outline For more clear vision, let us divide body text also in several heads. This is called outlining or structuring. A few examples show this- Prepared by: D K Singhal 27
Outline: My School My school Strength (no. of students) Canteen .. . .!!!! No. of Teachers No. of Classrooms, laboratories etc. Recreational facilities Other achievements etc. etc. You may decide to write 1-2 or 3 lines on every point. Prepared by: D K Singhal 28
Did you notice something? In outline or structure, you must have noticed that the canteen is coming between students and teachers. Does it look nice? No. But after writing outlines, you can change the sequence of the outline points. Prepared by: D K Singhal 29
My school Strength (no. of students) Canteen .. . .!!!! No. of Teachers No. of Classrooms, laboratories etc. Recreational facilities Other achievements etc. etc. You may decide to write 1-2-3 or more lines on every point. Prepared by: D K Singhal 30
Before going further, take a break for a couple of minutes and think if you would like to give good marks to a student in essay where canteen comes in between students and teachers? Prepared by: D K Singhal 31
Well, while many of you are smiling, why there are some faced who are looking sad? Remembering Golgappas! Prepared by: D K Singhal 32
Body Text Flow (Readability) Flow is another important requirement in any essay. While you read, you must be able to relate each and every sentence with the earlier one. Read what you have written several times. If you find it seems a little difficult, fragment some long sentences or consider changing some words with their synonyms. Prepared by: D K Singhal 33
In most of the lower classes, poor flow is the general observation. After you write an essay, try to read by heart several times to find out any flow problem. Examples . Prepared by: D K Singhal 34
Example: If I were the principal of my school As the session begins, I would see to it that all the difficult subjects are not taught one after the other. Science should be followed by English and not by Maths. Sometimes the principals of schools have a poor knowledge of what students like and they thrust a lot down their throats without caring that they are not always receptive. I would encourage a lot of sports and extra curricular activities like drama, music, painting, creative writing, clay modeling, photography, horse riding, swimming, dancing, etc. This would keep the students interested in coming to school and they would enjoy their long hours of stay in school. When there are so many interesting activities for the students, they remain happy and their mind is able to absorb the lessons from the most difficult subjects with greater case. Prepared by: D K Singhal 35
Example: If I were the principal of my school As the session begins, I would see to it that all the difficult subjects are not taught one after the other. Science should be followed by English and not by Maths. Sometimes the principals of schools have a poor knowledge of what students like and they thrust a lot down their throats without caring that they are not always receptive. The above underlined matter gives a poor readability (Poor Flow!). Prepared by: D K Singhal 36
Grammar Grammar is extremely important. Grammar should not be confined to a single sentence but to entire essay. How is it possible? Prepared by: D K Singhal 37
Grammar (Examples) Today my parents were at hospital in Delhi. They will visit my Uncle Raju because he had an operation. My Uncle is feeling well now and he will be home soon. Last Sunday, I was on the beach in Goa. I sunbathed and went swimming because it was sunny and hot. The beach was crowded and I had a great time. Prepared by: D K Singhal 38
Grammar (Examples) Today my parents were at hospital in Delhi. They will visit my Uncle Raju because he had an operation. My Uncle is feeling well now and he will be home soon. Last Sunday, I was on the beach in Goa. I sunbathed and went swimming because it was sunny and hot. The beach was crowded and I had a great time. Prepared by: D K Singhal 39
So far you have used grammar mainly to sentences. A sentence may be grammatically correct, but if its tense is not the same as per the theme, it becomes incorrect. Always pay attention to tenses in sentences. Prepared by: D K Singhal 40
Sample: Poor Use of Tenses I go to the store and I bought milk. I will eat fish for dinner and drank milk with my dinner. Prepared by: D K Singhal 41
Sample: Poor Use of Tenses I go to the store and I bought milk. Go is a present tense verb. Bought is a past tense verb. Bought should be buy milk since these two events both occur at the same time. I will eat fish for dinner and drank milk with my dinner. Will eat is a future tense verb but drank is a past tense verb. Since the dinner is going to happen in the future, it is not possible that the milk was drunk already. Prepared by: D K Singhal 42
Punctuation: Do I need to say more? Prepared by: D K Singhal 43
Spellings Spellings should be always correct. If you are in doubt, make a practice to refer to dictionary regularly. This will help you a lot in later stage. Sometimes, wrong spellings may make a sentence absurd. Be careful. Prepared by: D K Singhal 44
Poor Use of Spellings Prepared by: D K Singhal 45
Poor Spellings! Prepared by: D K Singhal 46
Conclusions Conclusion is for giving a final impression of your topic, essay and your views. In conclusion, you may- Give a recommendation what the reader should do after reading essay. Give a prediction about what will follow. End with a relevant quote. Prepared by: D K Singhal 47
Finally Prepared by: D K Singhal 48
To write good essays, you must have . Prepared by: D K Singhal 49
General Tricks Do not write in 1stperson. (Avoid I ) Move from weakest point to strongest. Do not start a body / concluding paragraph with a quotation. Always stick to tense. If you have time, put it aside for some time, and revise. Read your essay aloud, as you are making a speech. You will be able to find out some of the errors. Prepared by: D K Singhal 50
