Lyme Disease: Risks, Symptoms, and Prevention
Ridgefield Health Department
Ridgefield, CT 06877
Blastlyme.org
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Several diseases can be acquired from the bite of an infected
blacklegged (deer) tick:
Lyme Disease
Babesiosis
Anaplasmosis
Borrelia miyamotoi
Powassan Disease
P
PHOTOGRAPH BY JIM GATHANY, CDC/PHIL/CORBIS
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Photograph by Michael Patnaude, University of Florida.
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According to the CDC, Lyme disease is the most commonly
reported vector-borne illness in the United States with more than
300,000 new cases annually.
In 2014, it was the 5
th
most common nationally reportable disease
with 96% of confirmed cases reported from 14 states:
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Confirmed Lyme disease cases by age and sex--United States, 2001-2010
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Lyme disease is a bacterial infection
caused by the spirochete
Borrelia burgdorferi.
This organism attacks various organ
systems in the body:
Nervous System
Activity System
Circulatory System
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Symptoms typically appear 2-30 days after the bite of
an infected tick.
Early symptoms:
Expanding "bull's-eye" rash
Flu-like Symptoms
Fever
Malaise
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle aches
Joint aches
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*Photos provided by
Pfizer
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Severe headaches and neck stiffness
Additional rashes
Arthritis
Facial or Bell's palsy
Intermittent pain
Heart palpitations or an irregular
heart beat (Lyme carditis)
Episodes of dizziness or shortness of breath
Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Nerve pain
Shooting pains, numbness, or tingling
Problems with short-term memory
Source: National Library of Medicine
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L
yme disease is diagnosed based on
symptoms, physical findings (e.g., rash),
and the possibility of exposure
to infected ticks; laboratory testing is
helpful if used correctly.
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A malaria-like
illness caused by
a protozoan called
Babesia microti
.
This parasite
invades and lives
within red blood
cells.
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Symptoms are mostly nonspecific, and the illness can
range from very mild to very severe; although most
people will not have symptoms.
Symptoms may include:
Fever
Drenching sweats
Muscle or joint aches or pains
A blood test may find a breakdown of the red blood cells called
hemolytic anemia
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Anaplasmosis was formerly known as human
granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). These bacteria invade
and live in white blood cells called granulocytes.
Note the clumps of Ehrlichia
in a white blood cell
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Much like babesiosis, symptoms are mostly nonspecific, and the
illness can range from very mild to very severe. Most
patients will experience:
Rapid onset of fever
Shaking
Chills
Muscle or joint pain
Severe headache
Each tick-borne disease has its own test and may have a
different treatment protocol.
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There was a vaccine for Lyme disease several years ago, but it
is no longer available
If you were previously vaccinated for Lyme disease you are NO
LONGER protected
There are no vaccines available for any of the tick-borne
diseases, so PREVENTION is key
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Adult Female:
Reddish body size
comparable to a
sesame seed
Adult Male:
Slightly smaller than
female, completely
dark brown
Nymph:
Size comparable to
that of a poppy seed
Larva:
Size smaller than
that of a pin head
Larvae may not transmit Lyme, but
do transmit other diseases.
From left to right: Adult female, adult male, nymph, larva
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Confirmed Lyme disease cases by month of disease onset--United States, 2001-2010
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Ticks thrive in shady, moist areas.
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Use fine-tipped tweezers.
Grasp the tick by the mouthpart close to the skin.
Pull straight back with a slow, steady force.
Avoid crushing the tick’s body.
Place tick in a plastic vial or zip-lock bag for testing.
Wash area and disinfect the bite site.
Record the date and location of the bite.
Watch for early symptoms.
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Don’t squeeze or rupture the tick.
Don’t pour kerosene or nail polish remover on the tick.
Don’t rub Vaseline or Petroleum Jelly on the tick.
Don’t do ANYTHING that might otherwise traumatize the tick.
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Check with your local Health Department to see if they identify
and/or test ticks.
UMass Amherst Laboratory of Medical Zoology and
University of Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic
Laboratory identify and test ticks for a fee.
University of Rhode Island Tick Encounter Resource Center and
University of Maine Cooperative Extension Service identify ticks
for free.
Some private labs will test ticks for a fee.
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Bathing or showering
within 2 hours of
outdoor activity
helps remove ticks
that haven’t
attached.
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Tick bites are usually painless, therefore most people are
unaware when they have a tick attached to them.
Ticks are very small, and
may feed anywhere on the
body, so check thoroughly.
Check under your arms, in
your ears, the belly button and
behind your knees.
Do a tick check every night.
CDC
BL
A
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.
SKIN
If you choose to use a tick
repellent on your skin, the
CDC recommends using a
product that contains
DEET
at a concentration of at least
20%.
CLOTHING
A
permethrin
based product
is recommended for clothing
and gear. It provides great
protection against ticks!
Photos CDC
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2-undecanone
Garlic oil
Nookatone
Mixed Essential Oils
rosemary, thyme,
lemongrass, geranio
Fungus
BLA
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.
A single
perimeter
spray
for tick control once in
the Spring can reduce
the number of ticks in
your yard by up to 80-
90%.
If you decide to spray
your yard, it is best to
hire a licensed
professional who is
trained to do this job
efficiently and safely.
Photo: JReid
Tick Management Handbook, CT Agricultural Experiment Station
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e
a
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T
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k
-
S
a
f
e
”
z
o
n
e
.
Clear tall grasses and brush.
Add a 3-ft wide barrier of wood
chips or gravel between lawns and
wooded areas.
Mow the lawn frequently.
Keep leaves raked.
Stack wood neatly in a dry area.
Keep playground equipment and
patio furniture away from yard
edges and in a sunny location.
Choose deer resistant plants.
Avoid feeding wild animals & birds.
Westport/Weston Health District
BLAS
T
T
r
e
a
t
y
o
u
r
p
e
t
s
.
Check your pets for ticks
after coming indoors.
Ask your vet about vaccines
and products that will help
your pet repel ticks.
Don’t sleep with your pet
because ticks on your pet
may crawl on to you.
J
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I
n
f
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a
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n
p
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o
v
i
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d
b
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:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
CT Agricultural Experiment Station
Tick Management Handbook
CT Department of Public Health
Westport/Weston Health District
Yale School of Public Health
P
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P
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:
Results of a Population-Based Case–Control Study
Neeta P. Connally, PhD, Amanda J. Durante, PhD, Kimberly M. Yousey-Hindes, MPH,
James I. Meek, MPH, Randall S. Nelson, DVM, Robert Heimer, PhD
The BLAST Tick-borne Disease Prevention Program is a community-based health initiative designed to teach tick-borne disease prevention strategies and encourage early symptom identification. The program was created in 2008 by a team of researchers, educators and community members in partnership with the Ridgefield Health Department. Funding was provided by the Connecticut Department of Public Health.
Tick-borne diseases, particularly Lyme Disease, pose a significant health concern in the United States. Learn about the various diseases transmitted by infected ticks, the rise in Lyme Disease cases, who is at risk, and the symptoms to watch out for. Discover the basics of Lyme Disease, including its bacterial cause and early symptoms. Proper knowledge and prevention can help in protecting against these potentially serious illnesses.
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Presentation Transcript
Ridgefield Health Department Ridgefield, CT 06877 Blastlyme.org
Which tick-borne diseases should we be concerned about? Several diseases can be acquired from the bite of an infected blacklegged (deer) tick: Lyme Disease Babesiosis Anaplasmosis Borrelia miyamotoi Powassan Disease P PHOTOGRAPH BY JIM GATHANY, CDC/PHIL/CORBIS
Named after first cases in Lyme, CT (1975) Photograph by Michael Patnaude, University of Florida.
Lyme disease in the United States According to the CDC, Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States with more than 300,000 new cases annually. In 2014, it was the 5th most common nationally reportable disease with 96% of confirmed cases reported from 14 states: Connecticut Delaware New York Maine Pennsylvania Maryland Rhode Island Vermont Virginia New Jersey Wisconsin New Hampshire Massachusetts Minnesota
Who gets tick-borne diseases? Everyone. Confirmed Lyme disease cases by age and sex--United States, 2001-2010
What exactly is Lyme disease? Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. This organism attacks various organ systems in the body: Nervous System Activity System Circulatory System
Early Lyme disease symptoms Symptoms typically appear 2-30 days after the bite of an infected tick. Early symptoms: Expanding "bull's-eye" rash Flu-like Symptoms Fever Malaise Fatigue Headache Muscle aches Joint aches
Examples of the "bull's-eye" rash: L. Zemel S. Luger J. Stratton A. McDonald *Photos provided by Pfizer
Later signs and symptoms Severe headaches and neck stiffness Additional rashes Arthritis Facial or Bell's palsy Intermittent pain Heart palpitations or an irregular heart beat (Lyme carditis) Episodes of dizziness or shortness of breath Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord Nerve pain Shooting pains, numbness, or tingling Problems with short-term memory Source: National Library of Medicine
How is Lyme disease diagnosed? Lyme disease is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings (e.g., rash), and the possibility of exposure to infected ticks; laboratory testing is helpful if used correctly.
What is babesiosis? A malaria-like illness caused by a protozoan called Babesia microti. This parasite invades and lives within red blood cells. http://www.aafp.org Arrows indicate infected RBCs
Symptoms are mostly nonspecific, and the illness can range from very mild to very severe; although most people will not have symptoms. Symptoms may include: Fever Drenching sweats Muscle or joint aches or pains A blood test may find a breakdown of the red blood cells called hemolytic anemia
What is anaplasmosis? Anaplasmosis was formerly known as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). These bacteria invade and live in white blood cells called granulocytes. Note the clumps of Ehrlichia in a white blood cell http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com
Much like babesiosis, symptoms are mostly nonspecific, and the illness can range from very mild to very severe. Most patients will experience: Rapid onset of fever Shaking Chills Muscle or joint pain Severe headache Each tick-borne disease has its own test and may have a different treatment protocol.
Are there any vaccines? There was a vaccine for Lyme disease several years ago, but it is no longer available If you were previously vaccinated for Lyme disease you are NO LONGER protected There are no vaccines available for any of the tick-borne diseases, so PREVENTION is key
It varies based on their stage Adult Female: Reddish body size comparable to a sesame seed Adult Male: Slightly smaller than female, completely dark brown Nymph: Size comparable to that of a poppy seed Larva: Larvae may not transmit Lyme, but do transmit other diseases. Size smaller than that of a pin head From left to right: Adult female, adult male, nymph, larva
The two year tick life cycle Year One Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Year Two eggs larvae nymphs adults Meal 3 Meal 1 Meal 2 Adults mate, produce eggs & die Source: Center for Vector-Borne Disease, University of Rhode Island
When are you most likely to get Lyme disease? Confirmed Lyme disease cases by month of disease onset--United States, 2001-2010
Where do ticks live? Ticks thrive in shady, moist areas.
Whats the best way to remove a tick? Use fine-tipped tweezers. Grasp the tick by the mouthpart close to the skin. Pull straight back with a slow, steady force. Avoid crushing the tick s body. Place tick in a plastic vial or zip-lock bag for testing. Wash area and disinfect the bite site. Record the date and location of the bite. Watch for early symptoms.
Tick Removal DONTs Don t squeeze or rupture the tick. Don t pour kerosene or nail polish remover on the tick. Don t rub Vaseline or Petroleum Jelly on the tick. Don t do ANYTHING that might otherwise traumatize the tick.
Where do you send a tick for testing? Check with your local Health Department to see if they identify and/or test ticks. UMass Amherst Laboratory of Medical Zoology and University of Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory identify and test ticks for a fee. University of Rhode Island Tick Encounter Resource Center and University of Maine Cooperative Extension Service identify ticks for free. Some private labs will test ticks for a fee. Don t wait for tick-testing results if you suspect that you have contracted a tick-borne disease. See your physician immediately!
Bathe or shower soon after coming indoors. Bathing or showering within 2 hours of outdoor activity helps remove ticks that haven t attached.
Look for ticks and rashes. Tick bites are usually painless, therefore most people are unaware when they have a tick attached to them. Ticks are very small, and may feed anywhere on the body, so check thoroughly. Check under your arms, in your ears, the belly button and behind your knees. Do a tick check every night. CDC
Apply repellents. SKIN If you choose to use a tick repellent on your skin, the CDC recommends using a product that contains DEET at a concentration of at least 20%. CLOTHING A permethrin based product is recommended for clothing and gear. It provides great protection against ticks! Photos CDC
Testing natural products to repel or kill ticks 2-undecanone Garlic oil Nookatone Mixed Essential Oils rosemary, thyme, lemongrass, geranio Fungus
Spray the edges of your yard. A single perimeter spray for tick control once in the Spring can reduce the number of ticks in your yard by up to 80- 90%. If you decide to spray your yard, it is best to hire a licensed professional who is trained to do this job efficiently and safely. Photo: JReid Tick Management Handbook, CT Agricultural Experiment Station
Create a Tick-Safe zone. Clear tall grasses and brush. Add a 3-ft wide barrier of wood chips or gravel between lawns and wooded areas. Mow the lawn frequently. Keep leaves raked. Stack wood neatly in a dry area. Keep playground equipment and patio furniture away from yard edges and in a sunny location. Choose deer resistant plants. Avoid feeding wild animals & birds. Westport/Weston Health District
Treat your pets. Check your pets for ticks after coming indoors. Ask your vet about vaccines and products that will help your pet repel ticks. Don t sleep with your pet because ticks on your pet may crawl on to you.
Join our team and help tackle tick-borne diseases!
Information provided by: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) CT Agricultural Experiment Station Tick Management Handbook CT Department of Public Health Westport/Weston Health District Yale School of Public Health Peridomestic Lyme Disease Prevention: Results of a Population-Based Case Control Study Neeta P. Connally, PhD, Amanda J. Durante, PhD, Kimberly M. Yousey-Hindes, MPH, James I. Meek, MPH, Randall S. Nelson, DVM, Robert Heimer, PhD
