Local Structures for Global Security - Presentation Highlights
Local Structures for Global Security
Ferenc Friedler
University of Pannonia, Veszpr
é
m,
Hungary
September 17-18, 2012
Duna Palota, Budape
st
Outline
Introduction
Recent disasters and potential risks
Definitions
General goals
Sources of risks
Security and PSE
Contributions
Concluding remarks
Preliminary Comment
Even a cultural activity can generate global disaster.
Introduction
Security is a global issue
Global solution is not available
Highly interdisciplinary, enormous literature
Process systems engineering (PSE)
Structure decomposition
Security from engineering perspective
Cooperation between experts of specific areas
„Think globally, act locally”
Recent disasters
Breakdown of Internet in Hungary (April 30, 2012)
77 million user’s data stolen from Sony PlayStation
Network (2011)
Fukushima nuclear power station
catastrophe (2011)
Pakistan knocked YouTube offline for two hours (2008)
LA Airport
17 thousand
flights grounded (2007)
Power grid breakdown, NY (2003)
Düsseldorf Airport fire (1996)
Ariane 5 failure (1996)
Potential risks
Aircrafts are on the internet (disaster without explosives)
Power grid long-term breakdown
Cars and trucks can be directed and controlled through
internet
Chemical plant disaster
Loss of strategic database
Types of risks
-
Cultural
-
Technical
-
Helth
-
Internet
-
Environment
-
Military
-
Political
Comment: any injury or loss in an area can affect another
areas, i.e., security is considered to be multidimensional
Definitions
Security: the state of being free from danger or threat (Oxford
Dictionary)
Security is the process or means, physical or human, of
delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against
external or internal, defects, dangers, loss, criminals, and
other individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an
organization’s “steady state,” and deprive it of its intended
purpose for being
Security and safety will be considered together
in this
presentation
Focus is on the
engineering aspects of
security and
safety
General goals
Minimize the risk of failure (crisis, catastrophe)
Minimize the loss of failure (crisis or catastrophe)
Minimize the cost of safety
Sources of risks
Natural
and human activities
are t
he source
s
of risks and
threats
Types of activities:
transformation (e.g., data base management, production of
gasoline from crude oil, earth-quake)
flow (crude oil in a pipe line, electricity on the network,
information on the internet, cunami in the ocean
)
Both transformations and flows are subject to
-
faulty,
-
unwanted or
-
unexpected
operations primarily because of design, maintenance, and
operations problems.
Possible way of reducing the risks is to assure the quality of
the activities
In practice, it is impossible, must not consider
Activities are interconnected and interdependent, therefore,
risks are global
Risk is exploding
C
omplexity increasing rapidly (introducing new types of
services
among the available activities
)
Unnecessary activities (refrigerator on the internet)
L
ack of quality control (speed is preferred to quality)
Increasing gap between the available tools (
mathematical
or
technical)
and the complexity of the security issue
Contradiction?
Security is global, cannot be solved locally
Global solution is needed
The solution should be systematic based on mathematical
model (instead of intuitive)
Global mathematical model is not solvable
Solution:
Back to the basics (G. Polya)
Consider process systems engineering (PSE)
Security and PSE
PSE: Process Systems Engineering
Security from PSE perspectives
I
nitialized by the chemical industry of the
19
70
’
s
M
otivated by the competition (energy crisis), safety, etc.
Fundamental tool: global problem is solved as a sequence of
smaller subproblems
Basis of the decomposition: structure of the system
Illustrative examples:
Systematic vs.
intuitive
solution
Structure is crutial
Importance of the mathematical model
15
Systematic vs. intuitive solution
Systematic vs. intuitive solution
Comp. Chem. Eng., 1995
Incomplete superstructure
Cost: 138.7
*
*
Other school’s work
Comp. Chem. Eng., 2000
Complete superstructure
Cost: 104.3
**
**
Our work (optimality guaranteed)
W
hy structure is crutial
?
“
The selection of the structure
can typically
reduce energy consumption by 50% and net-
present cost by 35%” (Siirola, 1996)
Importance of the mathematical model
Importance of the mathematical model
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p
t
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m
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)
17
Axioms of combinatorially feasible
structures
For PNS problem (P,R,O) a P-graph (m,o) satisfying
the following five axioms is a combinatorially feasible
network.
(S1)
P
m
(
S
2
)
x
m
,
d
-
(
x
)
=
0
i
f
f
x
R
(S3)
o
O
(S4)
y
0
o
path [y
0
, y
n
] where y
n
P
(S5)
x
m,
(
,
)
o such that x
(
)
Reduction of the search space
Reduction of the search space
The five axioms reduce the
3
4
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,
4
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s
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b
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s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
for the industrial process synthesis problem of 35 op. units.
The optimal solution is included in the set of 3465 feasible
structures.
19
20
Reduction of the search space
10.000 x
PSE in practice
Example: no chemical process is develobed before it is
simulated and analysed by a computer simulation program
since 1980s
Even a chemical process is too complex to describe its
behaviour by an overall mathematical model. It is
decomposed:
local structures for the global problem
UP’s contribution
Research and Development
P-graph framework for PSE
Dynamic evaquation
Synthesis and analysis of integrated security systems
Design of optimal systems under reliability constraints
Supply chain management under safety requirements
Integrated synthesis of a process and its fault-tolerant
control system
Sustainable process design
Organization: Research and Development Center for Security
Cooperation: Experts in specific areas are welcome
Concluding remarks
Security is a global issue
Systematic methodology is required for
m
inimiz
ing
the risk
m
inimiz
ing
the loss
m
inimiz
ing
the cost
Unavailable
PSE is a potential technology
Key point: decomposition for local structures
Thank you for your attention
Thank you for your attention
Exploring the concept of security from an engineering perspective, this presentation delves into recent disasters, potential risks, types of risks, and definitions of security. It emphasizes the need for a local approach to address global security challenges through cooperation and interdisciplinary efforts.
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Presentation Transcript
Local Structures for Global Security Ferenc Friedler University of Pannonia, Veszpr m, Hungary September 17-18, 2012 Duna Palota, Budapest
Outline Introduction Recent disasters and potential risks Definitions General goals Sources of risks Security and PSE Contributions Concluding remarks
Preliminary Comment Even a cultural activity can generate global disaster.
Introduction Security is a global issue Global solution is not available Highly interdisciplinary, enormous literature Process systems engineering (PSE) Structure decomposition Security from engineering perspective Cooperation between experts of specific areas Think globally, act locally
Recent disasters Breakdown of Internet in Hungary (April 30, 2012) 77 million user s data stolen from Sony PlayStation Network (2011) Fukushima nuclear power station catastrophe (2011) Pakistan knocked YouTube offline for two hours (2008) LA Airport 17 thousand flights grounded (2007) Power grid breakdown, NY (2003) D sseldorf Airport fire (1996) Ariane 5 failure (1996)
Potential risks Aircrafts are on the internet (disaster without explosives) Power grid long-term breakdown Cars and trucks can be directed and controlled through internet Chemical plant disaster Loss of strategic database
Types of risks - Cultural - Technical - Helth - Internet - Environment - Military - Political Comment: any injury or loss in an area can affect another areas, i.e., security is considered to be multidimensional
Definitions Security: the state of being free from danger or threat (Oxford Dictionary) Security is the process or means, physical or human, of delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external or internal, defects, dangers, loss, criminals, and other individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an organization s steady state, and deprive it of its intended purpose for being Security and safety will be considered together in this presentation Focus is on the engineering aspects of security and safety
General goals Minimize the risk of failure (crisis, catastrophe) Minimize the loss of failure (crisis or catastrophe) Minimize the cost of safety
Sources of risks Natural and human activities are the sources of risks and threats Types of activities: transformation (e.g., data base management, production of gasoline from crude oil, earth-quake) flow (crude oil in a pipe line, electricity on the network, information on the internet, cunami in the ocean)
Both transformations and flows are subject to - faulty, - unwanted or - unexpected operations primarily because of design, maintenance, and operations problems. Possible way of reducing the risks is to assure the quality of the activities In practice, it is impossible, must not consider Activities are interconnected and interdependent, therefore, risks are global
Risk is exploding Complexity increasing rapidly (introducing new types of services among the available activities) Unnecessary activities (refrigerator on the internet) Lack of quality control (speed is preferred to quality) Increasing gap between the available tools (mathematical or technical) and the complexity of the security issue
Contradiction? Security is global, cannot be solved locally Global solution is needed The solution should be systematic based on mathematical model (instead of intuitive) Global mathematical model is not solvable Solution: Back to the basics (G. Polya) Consider process systems engineering (PSE)
Security and PSE PSE: Process Systems Engineering Security from PSE perspectives Initialized by the chemical industry of the 1970 s Motivated by the competition (energy crisis), safety, etc. Fundamental tool: global problem is solved as a sequence of smaller subproblems Basis of the decomposition: structure of the system Illustrative examples: Systematic vs. intuitive solution Structure is crutial Importance of the mathematical model
Systematic vs. intuitive solution Comp. Chem. Eng., 1995 Incomplete superstructure Cost: 138.7* Comp. Chem. Eng., 2000 Complete superstructure Cost: 104.3** * Other school s work ** Our work (optimality guaranteed) 15
Why structure is crutial? The selection of the structure can typically reduce energy consumption by 50% and net- present cost by 35% (Siirola, 1996)
Importance of the mathematical model Optimal network Kovacs, Z., F. Friedler, and L. T. Fan, Recycling in a Separation Process Structure, AIChE J., 39, 1087-1089 (1993) 17
Axioms of combinatorially feasible structures For PNS problem (P,R,O) a P-graph (m,o) satisfying the following five axioms is a combinatorially feasible network. (S1) P m (S2) x m, d-(x)=0 iff x R (S3) o O (S4) y0 o path [y0, yn] where yn P (S5) x m, ( , ) o such that x ( )
Reduction of the search space The five axioms reduce the 34 billion combinations of the operating units to 3,465 combinatorially feasible structures for the industrial process synthesis problem of 35 op. units. The optimal solution is included in the set of 3465 feasible structures. 19
Reduction of the search space 10.000 x 20
PSE in practice Example: no chemical process is develobed before it is simulated and analysed by a computer simulation program since 1980s Even a chemical process is too complex to describe its behaviour by an overall mathematical model. It is decomposed: local structures for the global problem
UPs contribution Research and Development P-graph framework for PSE Dynamic evaquation Synthesis and analysis of integrated security systems Design of optimal systems under reliability constraints Supply chain management under safety requirements Integrated synthesis of a process and its fault-tolerant control system Sustainable process design Organization: Research and Development Center for Security Cooperation: Experts in specific areas are welcome
Concluding remarks Security is a global issue Systematic methodology is required for minimizing the risk minimizing the loss minimizing the cost Unavailable PSE is a potential technology Key point: decomposition for local structures
