Investigation of Low-Latitude S-Band Ionospheric Scintillations during September 2017 Geo-Magnetic Storm

The study focuses on analyzing the impact of geo-magnetic storms on NAVIC satellites, particularly the S-band signal, during September 2017. Researchers from K.L. Deemed to be University observed variations in solar and geomagnetic activity indices, providing insights into the behavior of the ionosphere during storm periods.

• Ionospheric Scintillations
• Geo-Magnetic Storm
• NAVIC System
• S-Band Signal
• September 2017

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1. Investigation of Low-Latitude S-Band Ionospheric Scintillations Observed during Geo-Magnetic Storm Period in September 2017 Authors: M. Sridhar, D. Venkata Ratnam, P. B. S. Harsha, K. Siva Krishna KONERU LAKSHMAIAH EDUCATION FOUNDATION (K L Deemed to be University) Vaddeswaram, Guntur District - 522502

2. Outline of the Presentation Introduction Significance of NAVIC system Experimental Setup and Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions References

3. Introduction NAVigation with Indian Constellation (NAVIC) is an Indian regional navigation satellite system. The NAVIC system holds seven operational satellites, with four in Geo-Synchronous Orbit (GSO) and three in Geo- Stationary Earth Orbit (GEO). It holds coverage of 1500 km around Indian sub-continent claiming positional accuracy of 10 meters for restricted service and 20 meters for standard positioning service. The broadcasting frequencies are L5 (1176.42 MHz) and S (2492.028 MHz) for signal propagation. There is a need to understand the influence of geo- magnetic storms on these NAVIC satellites that are placed at higher altitudes compared with System (GPS) satellites. It is interesting to analyze the capability of S-band signal at the storm time conditions (Here, 7 September 2017 to 9 September 2017). Global Positioning

4. Significance of NAVIC System

5. Experimental Setup and Methodology The NAVIC receiver is located at K L University that covers northern equatorial ionization anomaly crest zone (16.44 N, 80.62 E). The receiver has the capability to continuously acquire and track dual frequency L5 and S band signals from the NAVIC satellites. The NAVIC data is collected from NAVIC receiver that captures with one second time resolution in RINEX 3.03 format. The RINEX data is processed to extract corrected amplitude scintillation index S4, proxy phase scintillation index SDPR and rate of TEC index (ROTI) with one-minute time resolution. The solar indices like F10.7, IMF-Bz and Plasma speed are obtained from https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/. geomagnetic Dst and Kp indices are considered from http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/wdc/. The

6. Estimation of Amplitude and Phase Scintillation Indices 100 S N 500 19 S Amplitude Scintillation index = + 4 4 1 S S corrected Total N 0 0 = ( ) std t g t t g 1 i i = Delta phase rate i t 1 i i 1 n n Standard Deviation of Delta phase rate (SDPR) = ( 2 ) i = 1 i

7. Results and Discussion FIGURE 1. September, 2017 Variations in Solar and geomagnetic activity indices during 7 to 9

8. FIGURE 2. Geosynchronous satellite vehicles (I02, I04 and I05) Variations of Ionospheric parameters for FIGURE 3. Geostationary satellite vehicles (I03, I06 and I07) Variations of Ionospheric parameters for

9. FIGURE 4. to 9 September, 2017 at KL University, Guntur Correlation plots between normalized ROTI and corrected S4 index values from 7 September

10. FIGURE 5. September to 9 September, 2017 at KL University, Guntur Correlation plots between normalized ROTI and normalized SDPR from 7

11. FIGURE 6. 7 September to 9 September, 2017 at KL University, Guntur Correlation coefficients of the scatter plots between normalized ROTI and Corrected S4/ SDPR from

12. Conclusions In this work, the ionospheric effects are investigated on S band NAVIC signals during the severe geo-magnetic storm of September 2017 at low latitude station K L University, Guntur. The rapid fluctuations in STEC and ROTI are well correlated with the variations in solar (F10.7, IMF-Bz, plasma speed) and geo- magnetic indices (Dst and Kp index) during the main phase and recovery phase of the storm. The southward movement of IMF-Bz (= - 23.6 nT) indicates the severity of the solar activity Subsequently, there is a decrease in Dst index (= - 125 nT) illustrating the intensity of geo-magnetic storm. The maximum ROTI observed is 19.98 TECU/min at 15:00 Hrs UT for I06 satellite (Geostationary satellite) during magnetically disturbed day of 8 September. TEC depletions and subsequent ROTI enhancements are associated with patches of C/N0 variations and moderate to severe S4 index values for most of the satellite vehicles. on 8 September, 2017.

13. Few events with increased SDPR values correlated with ROTI have been observed on post-storm day of 9 September, 2017. High correlation coefficients are observed between ROTI and S4 index for Geo-stationary satellites I03 and I07 during 7 September to 9 September, 2017. It is observed that there are severe amplitude scintillations during afternoon which may be due to E type ionospheric irregularities. Most of the S band scintillations observed during post sunset are of weak to moderate intensities with S4<0.5. The investigations performed forecasting ionospheric scintillations based on the ROTI values. are useful in

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