Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Med Region: Jordan Results
The Anna Lindh Foundation commissioned Ipsos to conduct an opinion poll on intercultural trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region, including Jordan. The survey covered various aspects such as Mediterranean way of life, hospitality, common cultural heritage, migration issues, and resistance to change. Findings show comparisons between European countries, Jordan, and SEM countries, highlighting perceptions and characteristics of the Mediterranean region. The study provides insights into how different populations view and characterize the region based on specific attributes.
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Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Med Region Country results: Jordan 1
Methodological note The Anna Lindh Foundation commissioned Ipsos to undertake its third opinion poll to measure intercultural trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region. The opinion poll was carried out in eight European countries (Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Romania, Sweden) and five SEM countries/territories (Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco). The target population consists of all individuals aged 15 or older (16 in Czechia and Sweden), resident in each of the countries covered. In all countries, the target sample size was 1,000 fully- completed interviews. Fieldwork for all countries bar Mauritania took place between 9 March 2020 and 16 June 2020, with a suspension of fieldwork part-way through due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Fieldwork in Mauritania took place between 28 August 2020 and 09 October 2020. In all countries, a CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) methodology was implemented. Random probability sampling was used in all countries except Mauritania, where quota sampling was used. All findings presented are based on weighted data. A post-stratification weight was calculated that corrects for imbalances in the samples with respect to gender, age and activity status. Where the percentages provided do not add up to or exceed 100%, this may be due to rounding. 2 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Characteristics of the Mediterranean region European countries Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan Mediterranean way of life and food 61 28 8 EU 65 67 30 23 2 Hospitality 62 30 7 Hospitality SEM 7 47 41 42 27 8 EU 47 9 Common cultural heritage and history 51 40 8 SEM 56 12 Migration issues 44 35 17 EU 67 26 4 Mediterranean way of life and food 30 58 10 SEM 48 33 15 Common cultural heritage and history 42 20 41 12 EU 52 24 Source of conflict 29 40 28 SEM 33 31 29 26 Instability and insecurity 45 27 17 EU 22 58 Instability and insecurity 27 42 30 SEM 28 33 35 Source of conlict 25 41 29 EU 38 47 11 12 Migration issues 26 50 21 SEM 60 25 Resistance to change 22 45 59 24 20 24 EU 14 Resistance to change 23 58 16 SEM 32 38 Strongly characterise Somewhat characterise Not characterise at all DK/REF Survey question: Different people have different thoughts about what the Mediterranean region represents. I will read out a set of ideas and images; please tell me if you think these characterise the Mediterranean region strongly, somewhat or not at all. Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 4 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Characteristics of the Mediterranean region European countries Jordan (2016) 61 Jordan (2012) Mediterranean way of life and food Jordan (2020) 28 8 Hospitality 62 30 7 Hospitality Hospitality 57 30 6 64 47 30 6 Hospitality 41 8 Common cultural heritage and history Common cultural heritage Common cultural heritage Migration issues 51 40 8 43 43 10 45 44 10 44 35 17 and history and history Mediterranean way of life and food 30 58 10 Mediterranean way of life Instability and insecurity (modified item) 30 50 14 39 39 21 Common cultural heritage and history 40 28 42 41 12 and food Source of conflict 29 Source of conflict Source of conflict 22 43 27 31 26 41 26 45 Instability and insecurity 30 27 27 Instability and insecurity 42 Mediterranean way of life Source of conlict 19 Resistance to change 29 25 51 22 56 12 41 29 and food Migration issues 26 50 21 Turmoil and insecurity Resistance to change Resistance to change 17 53 24 22 45 24 29 51 19 Resistance to change 23 58 16 Strongly characterise Somewhat characterise Not characterise at all DK/REF Survey question: Different people have different thoughts about what the Mediterranean region represents. I will read out a set of ideas and images; please tell me if you think these characterise the Mediterranean region strongly, somewhat or not at all. Base: all respondents (%), by country 5 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Preferred countries to start a new life Comparison with Jordan 0.0% 10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0% European/SEM average 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 40 Country of residence 49 Country of residence 49 36 SEM countries 19 Europe 20 7 6 Europe 13 North America 7 North America 7 Australia and Oceania 1 2 1 Gulf countries 6 South America 3 Asia 2 Asia 2 2 DK/REF 2 SEM countries 14 0 South America 1 Gulf countries 5 1 1 Australia and Oceania 0.6 Africa European countries SEM countries 3 Africa 0 DK/REF 2 Survey question: If you could start a new life, in which country of the world would you start it? Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 6 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Preferred countries to start a new life 10% Jordan (2020) 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% Jordan (2016) -10% 30% 50% 70% Country of residence Country of residence 42 49 SEM countries SEM countries 19 15 Europe Europe 13 15 North America North or South America 7 14 Gulf countries 6 Gulf countries 11 Asia 2 Australia and Oceania 2 DK/REF 2 Asia 1 South America 1 Africa 0.3 Australia and Oceania 0.6 Other Africa 0 DK/REF 1 Survey question: If you could start a new life, in which country of the world would you start it? Base: all respondents (%), by country 7 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Key values when raising children 0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0% European countries Comparison with Jordan 20.0% European/SEM average 0.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% Respect for the other cultures 37 25 63 EU 8 4 4 Religious beliefs /practices 41 21 62 SEM 65 42 23 Family solidarity 24 25 49 EU 47 25 22 Family solidarity 23 26 49 SEM Independence 12 18 30 40 18 22 EU 54 25 29 Respect for the other cultures 14 18 32 Curiosity 12 15 27 SEM 29 11 17 EU 11 6 5 21 Obedience Obedience 10 10 16 26 10 20 SEM 43 22 EU 40 Religious beliefs /practices 18 8 21 3 5 9 Independence 6 9 15 SEM 12 4 DK/REF 1 EU 39 22 17 Curiosity 6 10 16 SEM 11 4 7 Most important Second most important EU 2 1 DK/REF 1 SEM 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Survey question: In bringing up their children, parents in different countries may place different emphasis on different values. Assuming that we limit ourselves to six values only, I d like to know which one of these is most important, to you personally, when raising children? And the second most important? Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 9 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Key values when raising children Perceptions about key values for parents raising children in SEM countries Perceptions in Jordan about key values of parents in: & European countries Key values in Jordan (for respondents personally) 0 SEM countries 50 0.0% 50.0% Religious beliefs /practices 31 Religious beliefs /practices 48 62 Family solidarity Family solidarity 40 25 49 Respect for the other cultures 41 Respect for the other cultures 35 32 Obedience Obedience 17 30 26 Curiosity Curiosity 37 24 15 Independence 47 Independence 20 16 Don t know DK/REF 3 4 0 Survey question: In bringing up their children, parents in different countries may place different emphasis on different values. Assuming that we limit ourselves to six values only, I d like to know which one of these is most important, to you personally, when raising children? And the second most important? And which one of these six do you think is most important to parents raising children in Europe? And the second most important? Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 10 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Key values when raising children 0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0% European countries Jordan (2016) Jordan (2020) Jordan (2012) Respect for the other cultures 41 21 37 25 63 Religious beliefs / Religious beliefs 60 21 81 36 23 59 Religious beliefs /practices practices Family solidarity 24 25 49 Family solidarity 23 38 61 Family solidarity 31 30 61 Family solidarity 23 26 Independence 12 18 30 Obedience 6 16 22 Respect for the other cultures Obedience 12 14 18 11 15 27 26 Curiosity 15 Respect for the other Respect for the other 8 16 23 Obedience 10 16 10 20 14 24 cultures cultures 10 Obedience 10 Curiosity 2 6 Independence 9 7 Curiosity 3 5 9 15 Religious beliefs /practices 9 Independence 4 5 8 Curiosity 6 10 Independence DK/REF 5 8 13 1 0.2 DK/REF 0 0 DK/REF 0.2 Most important Second most important 40% 60% 0 20 40 60 80 100 0% 20% 80% 0.0% 20.0%40.0%60.0%80.0% 100.0% Survey question: In bringing up their children, parents in different countries may place different emphasis on different values. Assuming that we limit ourselves to six values only, I d like to know which one of these is most important, to you personally, when raising children? And the second most important? Base: all respondents (%), by country 11 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Perceptions about womens roles in society Should women be playing a greater role? European countries Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan Women s role in: Economic and business life 54 43 2 57 52 39 2 EU Business 28 36 36 30 17 SEM 53 40 5 EU Government and politics 31 39 30 39 30 29 SEM Political decision-making 37 53 41 56 30 4 38 3 EU Sports 33 30 44 24 SEM 33 60 33 4 EU The media 39 42 19 49 17 SEM 60 64 36 28 2 EU Science and technology 50 39 11 8 SEM Cultural and social life 47 50 2 44 52 2 EU Education, arts and culture 63 28 68 25 6 SEM 9 22 58 18 17 EU Looking after children and the home 80 3 82 16 SEM 2 Greater role The same role A lesser role DK/REF Survey question: Compared to their present role in your country, do you think that women should be playing a greater, the same, or lesser role in each of the following domains: Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 12 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Interest in news and information about SEM/European countries European countries Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan EU 18 22 44 38 Cultural life & lifestyle 33 25 Religious beliefs and practices 28 53 18 43 SEM 21 57 EU 25 57 18 Political situation 18 28 45 26 28 Economic conditions 39 43 SEM 41 31 EU 33 51 15 Economic conditions 47 23 53 24 29 Cultural life & lifestyle 34 19 SEM 39 31 Natural environment and the impact EU 43 45 46 12 Religious beliefs and practices 52 18 41 41 30 18 of climate change SEM 31 24 EU 31 49 20 Sports activities 42 12 34 28 53 Political situation 22 36 SEM 29 43 Very interested Somewhat interested Not interested DK/REF Survey question: Thinking about the countries bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/European countries (asked in SEM countries), how interested are you in knowing about their: Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 14 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Interest in news and information about SEM/European countries European countries Jordan (2016) Jordan (2012) Jordan (2020) Cultural life & lifestyle 28 53 Cultural life & lifestyle 18 Religious beliefs and practices 43 33 25 Cultural life & lifestyle 41 45 14 21 46 33 Political situation 28 45 26 Economic conditions 39 43 18 Religious beliefs and Religious beliefs and 15 38 47 38 36 26 practices practices Cultural life & lifestyle 34 47 19 Economic conditions 23 53 24 Economic conditions 22 48 29 Economic conditions 34 38 28 Natural environment and the impact of climate change 30 52 18 Religious beliefs and practices 18 41 41 Political changes 19 47 34 22 Political situation 36 42 Political situation 22 40 38 Sports activities 12 34 53 Very interested Somewhat interested Not interested DK/REF Survey question: Thinking about the countries bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/European countries (asked in SEM countries), how interested are you in knowing about their: Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 15 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Media role in shaping public perception Did media cause a change in views about people from SEM/European countries? Jordan SEM countries European countries Yes, in a positive way 13 Yes, in a positive way 8 17 Yes, in a negative way 13 Yes, in a negative way 14 26 I have seen, read or heard something but my views remained unchanged I have seen, read or heard something but my views remained unchanged 19 51 14 I have not seen, read or heard anything in the media I have not seen, read or heard anything in the media 54 24 41 DK/REF 1 DK/REF 3 2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Survey question: During the past 12 months, have you seen, read or heard anything in the media that has influenced your view of people in countries bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/European countries (asked in SEM countries) Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 16 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Most trusted media sources for cross-cultural reporting Comparison with 20% Jordan 0% 10% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 0.0% 10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0% European/SEM average 52 TV TV 63 59 42 Social media Films/documentaries 61 18 35 32 Online media Online media 37 15 Social media Films/documentaries 25 36 23 24 Books Print media 22 45 Print media Books 22 24 30 Radio Radio 10 21 5 4 Other Other 3 1 Europe SEM DK/REF DK/REF 0 3 Survey question: Which of the following sources do you trust most for information about countries bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/European countries (asked in SEM countries)? Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 17 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Interactions with people from different countries Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% % yes % yes 0.0% 10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0% Talked to or met someone from a SEM/European country (in the past 12 months) Talked to or met someone from a European country (in the past 52 34 12 months) 46 41 Relatives or friends in SEM/European countries Relatives or friends in European 63 countries 82 Europe SEM Survey question: In the past 12 months, have you talked to or met someone from a country bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/a European country (asked in SEM countries)? (top bar in the chart) Do you have any relatives or friends who live in countries bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/European countries (asked in SEM countries)? (bottom bar) Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 19 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Cross-cultural encounters Method of interaction Comparison with European/SEM average 0% Jordan 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 42 The internet/social media 40 Business or work 15 23 Business or work 20 They live in my neighbourhood 9 19 Tourism Tourism 18 11 17 Family and friends Met in the street/public space 14 9 10 10 They live in my neighbourhood Friends and family 13 10 School Met in the street or public space 10 2 8 The internet/social media School 5 59 4 Other Sport or leisure 1 1 2 Sport or leisure Other 0 0 Europe SEM 0 0 DK/REF DK/REF 0 Survey question: Thinking of this/these person(s) you have interacted with, was this mainly through: Base: respondents who have talked to or met someone from a SEM/European country in the past 12 months (%), by country and country group 20 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Interactions with people from different countries Jordan 2020 2016 2012 40 % of respondents who talked to or met someone from a European country The internet/social media 33 28 20 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% Business or work 26 36 18 Tourism 16 2020 34 24 13 They live in my neighbourhood 15 2 10 9 Met in the street/public space 2016 16 39 5 School 3 0 2012 31 Other 18 11 0 0 1 DK/REF Due to differences in question wording, caution should be exercised when comparing the 2020/2016 and 2012 results. Survey question (2020 and 2016): In the past 12 months, have you talked to or met someone from a country bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/a European country (asked in SEM countries)? Thinking of this/these person(s) you have interacted with, was this mainly through: Survey question (2012): In the last 12 months have you personally talked to or met with any person (or persons) from countries bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/European countries (asked in SEM countries)? How did you meet or talk to that person? Base: all respondents (left-hand chart) and respondents who have talked to or met someone from a SEM/European country in the past 12 months (right-hand chart) (%), by country 21 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Cross-cultural encounters Did meeting people from SEM/European countries cause a change in views? SEM average 70% European average Jordan -10% 10% 30% 50% Yes, mainly in a positive way 27 41 Yes, mainly in a positive way 37 Yes, mainly in a negative way 16 12 Yes, both positive and negative 26 Yes, both positive and negative 2 9 Yes, mainly in a negative way 7 My views remained unchanged 37 55 My views remained unchanged 30 DK/REF 1 0 DK/REF 0 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Survey question: Thinking of your encounter(s) with this/these person(s), did meeting or talking to them change or reinforce your view of people from countries bordering the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea (asked in European countries)/European countries (asked in SEM countries)? Base: respondents who have talked to or met someone from a SEM/European country in the past 12 months (%), by country and country group 22 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Barriers to cross-cultural encounters Comparison with 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% Jordan -8.0% 2.0%12.0%22.0%32.0%42.0%52.0%62.0%72.0%82.0% European/SEM average 0.0% 81 Not speaking the same language Not speaking the same language 77 68 62 Cultural tensions or conflicts throughout Visa and travel difficulties 73 history 46 65 Social and cultural constraints Economic barriers 60 46 57 Visa and travel difficulties Social and cultural constraints 58 67 57 Cultural tensions or conflicts throughout history Economic barriers 58 50 53 Religion Religion 42 37 Europe SEM Survey question: To what extent, if at all, are each of the following a barrier, when meeting with or talking to people from different cultures? [share who say it is a big barrier or somewhat of a barrier ] Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 23 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
European countries Perceptions about religious and cultural diversity People from different cultural and religious backgrounds should have the same rights and opportunities 68 23 3 4 Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan Cultural and religious diversity is important for the prosperity of your EU 45 32 15 7 Cultural and religious diversity is important for the prosperity of your society 46 42 3 8 SEM 59 19 5 15 36 35 12 15 society People from different cultural and religious backgrounds should have the same rights and opportunities EU 77 16 3 3 39 45 3 13 SEM 69 15 4 11 Cultural and religious diversity constitutes a threat to the stability of society 14 22 40 22 Cultural and religious diversity constitutes a threat to the stability of EU 10 18 23 47 16 30 21 32 SEM 30 15 10 43 society Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree DK/REF Survey question: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 25 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
European countries Perceptions about religious and cultural diversity People from different cultural and religious backgrounds should have the same rights and opportunities Jordan (2020) 68 23 3 4 Jordan (2012) Jordan (2016) Cultural and religious diversity is important for the prosperity of Cultural and religious diversity is important for the prosperity of your society Cultural and religious diversity is important for the prosperity of your society Cultural and religious diversity is important for the prosperity of your society People from different cultural and religious backgrounds should have the same rights and opportunities (modified item) 46 42 3 64 25 5 54 31 5 8 6 8 36 35 12 your society 15 People from different cultural and religious backgrounds should have the same rights and opportunities to participate in public life People from different cultural and religious backgrounds should have the same rights and opportunities 39 45 3 59 27 4 71 23 2 13 10 3 Cultural and religious diversity constitutes a threat to the stability of society constitutes a threat to the stability of society 14 22 40 22 Cultural and religious diversity constitutes a threat to the stability Cultural and religious diversity 30 Cultural and religious diversity constitutes a threat to the stability of society 16 21 17 20 41 14 20 41 32 21 24 of society Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree DK/REF Survey question: How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? *Question wording in 2012: People should have the same rights and opportunities to participate in public life . Base: all respondents (%), by country 26 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Cultural diversity and tolerance European countries Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan Would you mind: Having a person from a different Having a person from a different cultural background as a work colleague 60 cultural background as a work colleague 82 10 2 4 EU 84 9 5 2 30 3 7 SEM 78 7 9 6 If your children were to go to school with children from a different cultural background 58 cultural background as a neighbour 81 11 2 5 EU 78 12 6 3 Having a person from a different 30 3 9 SEM 79 7 9 6 Having a person from a different cultural background as a neighbour 56 marry someone from a different cultural background If one of your close relatives were to 78 13 2 6 EU 70 13 11 4 26 7 11 SEM 68 7 12 12 If one of your close relatives were to marry someone from a different cultural background 40 with children from a different cultural background If your children were to go to school 65 14 13 6 EU 78 11 7 3 28 19 13 SEM 60 9 16 14 Not mind at all Not mind too much Mind a little Mind a lot NA/DK/REF Survey question: I am now going to read out a number of scenarios. For each of them, please tell me whether you would mind a lot, mind a little, or whether you would not mind too much, or not mind at all. Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 27 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Living together in multicultural environments Actions that can help people live better together Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan EU To ensure that schools are places where children learn how to live in diversity 73 72 20 19 3 2 5 50 39 7 4 SEM 2 To encourage local authority and civil society initiatives that promote intercultural dialogue EU 48 41 5 3 3 5 33 50 9 7 SEM 67 23 EU To promote the organisation of multi- 45 43 7 4 29 54 12 5 SEM cultural events 58 28 4 7 EU To enable the expression of cultural diversity in public spaces 39 44 9 5 27 45 16 11 SEM 51 31 6 10 To restrict cultural practices to the EU 12 30 27 27 8 18 47 23 10 private sphere SEM 46 30 12 Survey question: Today s societies are becoming more and more diverse as a result of migration. How effective do you think that each of the following actions would be in helping migrants and receiving communities live better together in a multi-cultural environment? Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 28 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Tackling polarisation and hate speech Preventing and dealing with challenges such as hate speech and polarisation Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan EU Support of youth participation in 60 64 32 29 4 3 2 3 50 35 8 7 SEM public life Education and youth programmes to foster youth-led dialogue initiatives Trainings in diversity management and radicalisation prevention Media training for cross-cultural EU 64 62 29 30 4 3 2 3 48 41 6 5 SEM EU 42 39 9 5 6 7 39 44 8 7 SEM 48 35 EU 38 45 9 5 4 37 49 7 6 SEM 57 35 3 reporting EU 37 39 12 6 9 Inter-religious dialogue 34 45 10 10 SEM 52 29 10 EU 38 45 11 5 5 Cultural and artistic initiatives 34 52 7 7 SEM 50 38 5 Exchange programmes involving people across the Mediterranean EU 51 50 37 37 6 3 33 53 7 6 SEM 4 5 Survey question: Many countries in Europe and in the countries on the southern and eastern Mediterranean shores, are facing challenges such as hate speech and opposing cultural views. How effective do you think that each of the following will be in preventing and dealing with these challenges? Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 29 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Gains from Euro-Med cooperation Comparison with European/SEM average Jordan EU 53 37 9 Education and training 63 30 7 SEM 78 16 6 EU 45 42 11 Economic growth and employment 57 34 8 SEM 71 20 7 EU 48 41 10 12 Recognition of cultural diversity 51 37 11 SEM 63 22 EU 38 45 15 16 Individual freedom and rule of law 45 42 11 SEM 54 26 EU 41 43 14 Environmental sustainability 43 42 14 SEM 70 18 10 EU 37 38 24 26 Gender equality 42 39 19 SEM 51 21 Support for NGOs and civil society EU 35 47 14 38 46 14 SEM 50 25 19 organisations EU 34 42 20 Fair response to refugee situation 39 39 21 Finland SEM 57 26 14 Definitely Maybe No DK/REF Survey question: Your country, with other European/SEM countries, has decided to reinforce closer cooperation with SEM/European countries. Which of the following do you think your society can gain by reinforcing such cooperation? Cultural diversity and prevention of 55 33 11 Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group Opportunities for education and training 48 40 11 31 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country Environmental sustainability 45 36 18 Equality between men and women 43 32 24 43 Fair response to refugee crisis 42 13 Entrepreneurship, innovation and 39 45 14 Individual freedom and rule of law 37 40 18 Support for NGOs and civil society 26 54 17
Gains from Euro-Med cooperation Jordan (2020) Jordan (2016) Jordan (2012) Education and training 63 30 7 Entrepreneurship, innovation and youth employment 53 35 11 Innovation and entrepreneurship Economic growth and employment Recognition of cultural diversity Individual freedom and rule of law Environmental sustainability 55 35 6 57 34 8 Cultural diversity and prevention of extremism 51 37 11 45 40 14 Respect for cultural 60 33 5 diversity 45 42 11 Equality between men and women 43 37 19 Gender equality 41 36 20 43 42 14 Individual freedom and rule of law 41 40 17 Individual freedom and rule of law Gender equality 42 39 19 44 38 14 Support for NGOs and civil society organisations Fair response to refugee situation Environmental sustainability 38 46 14 36 48 12 Finland Concern for the environment 56 32 8 39 39 21 Definitely Maybe No DK/REF Due to substantial differences in question wording, caution should be exercises when comparing the 2020, 2016 and 2012 results. Survey question (2020): Your country, with other European/SEM countries, has decided to reinforce closer cooperation with SEM/European countries. Which of the following do you think your society can gain by reinforcing such cooperation? Cultural diversity and prevention of 55 33 11 Survey question (2016): Your country, with other European/SEM countries, has decided to reinforce closer cooperation with SEM/European countries in the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy. Which of the following do you think your society can gain by reinforcing such cooperation? Opportunities for education and training 48 40 11 Survey question (2012): Your country, with other European countries and the countries on the southern and eastern shore of the Mediterranean, has decided to establish closer political, economic and cultural exchanges, within a project called Union for the Mediterranean. Which of these aspects do you think your society can gain from such a shared project? Environmental sustainability 45 36 18 Base: all respondents (%), by country Equality between men and women 43 32 24 32 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country 43 Fair response to refugee crisis 42 13 Entrepreneurship, innovation and 39 45 14 Individual freedom and rule of law 37 40 18 Support for NGOs and civil society 26 54 17
European countries Impact of digital technology People from different cultural and religious backgrounds should have the same rights and opportunities 68 Comparison with European/SEM average 23 3 4 Jordan Digital technology can play an important role in facilitating dialogue between people from different cultures EU 53 35 8 3 Cultural and religious diversity is important for the prosperity of your society 40 51 3 5 SEM 77 17 2 8 36 35 12 15 EU 42 41 10 3 Skills for intercultural dialogue can be enhanced via digital tools 27 60 3 9 SEM 64 25 3 6 Cultural and religious diversity constitutes a threat to the stability of society 14 EU 22 33 40 9 22 Cultural barriers are less of an obstacle during online (digital) communication compared to offline (face-to-face) 36 17 24 57 5 14 SEM 48 27 8 16 communication Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree DK/REF Survey question: With regard to the use of digital technology, please tell me to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following statements: Base: all respondents (%), by country and country group 34 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Demographic profile Jordan (n=1,064) 51% 49% 40% 35% 18% 9% 0% 38% 72% 0% 38% European countries (n=8,171) 48% 51% 19% 32% 25% 23% 1% 57% 41% 2% 8% SEM countries (n=5,093) 51% 49% 40% 38% 15% 5% 2% 42% 58% 0% 38% Men Women 15-29 30-49 50-64 65+ DK/REF Employed Unemployed or inactive DK/REF Primary education or less Secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education University-level education Christians Muslims Jews Other Unaffiliated DK/REF Gender Age Activity status Level of education 38% 49% 31% 26% - - - - - - 41% 18% 18% 2% 0% 19% 35% 31% 1% 0% 93% < 1% 1% 4% Religion This table compares the sample profiles (after weighting) by country and country group. A post-stratification weight was applied that corrects for imbalances in the samples with respect to gender, age and activity status. Note: in Jordan, no questions were asked about religion; official statistics report that 94% of the population are Muslims and 6% are Christians. 36 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country
Femke De Keulenaer Research director, Ipsos SRI +32 2 642 48 60 +32 485 18 23 50 femke.dekeulenaer@ipsos.com www.ipsos-mori.com/ www.ipsos-mori.com/ 37 Intercultural Trends in the Euro-Mediterranean Region Results by country