Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)
IPM: Definition
Use of all available knowledge (methods) to keep
pest populations below economically damaging levels
in a manner that causes
no harm to human health and the environment.
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
Small Group Activity:
Each group has 8 cards – each card with a different IPM
method / practice listed on it
1. Form 4 groups
2.
Place cards in order from 1 to 8, as shown on pyramid
#1 is the most basic, fundamental practice
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
IPM:
Definition
(methods)
Each has advantages
and limitations
8 common methods
to reduce loss due to
pest infestation
IPM:
Physical Control
Exclude what you can, especially rodents and birds
IPM: Physical Control,
Exclusion
IPM:
Physical Control
Exclude what you can, especially rodents and birds
•
Keep doors closed – tight!
•
Seal all gaps - from below ground to the rooftop
•
Well-lighted interior warehouse spaces (discourage rodents)
•
Screen vents and windows
•
E
xterior lights on ground shining up, not on or above doors;
white lights away from buildings, high pressure sodium
lights near buildings
IPM:
Layout & Design
To exclude insects, think up, down, and in-between
Invaders use natural openings to enter packages
Photo courtesy: Dr. Mike Mullen
IPM:
Layout & Design
•
Good ventilation and air movement will promote a dry
environment and discourage certain insects
•
Strain on seams of bags at bottom of stacks creates holes big
enough for insects to enter
•
Rough floors collect dust, grain
•
Pallets allow air circulation and cleaning underneath stacks
•
Allow adequate space for alleys and between stacks.
To control insects, think up, down, and in-between
IPM:
Sanitation
Sanitation is 90% of IPM
IPM:
Sanitation
Why is sanitation so important?
Depriving pests of what they need
(food, water, harborage and favorable environments)
puts stress on them.
Stressed insects are easier to kill with chemicals.
IPM:
Sanitation
•
Deprive pests of what they need
•
Clean outdoors & indoors
•
Beware of importing infestations; segregate commodities as
necessary
•
First in / First out (get out in 6-8 months)
Sanitation is 90% of IPM
IPM:
Inspection
Look, Listen, Touch, Smell
Look
Look
Look
Look
What can you
smell in the
warehouse?
IPM:
Inspection
Small Group Activity:
Part 1
1.
Form 4 groups
2.
Brainstorm items to be on an IPM inspection list
Part 2
3.
Compare your list to Annex T-6 Template
4.
In plenary, describe any concerns with Annex T-6
IPM:
Inspection
•
Don’t bring infestation in, inspect arriving commodities
•
Identify conditions that can be corrected before problems
develop
•
Localized pest activity can be managed before spreading
Look, Listen, Touch, Smell
•
Control technique
•
Supplements monitoring
IPM:
Trapping
“
IPM: Trapping,
Rodents
Exterior
•
2 rows regularly spaced
•
Focus on
shadows, warm spots, corners, quiet places
Interior
•
Place
,
along “travel paths”
•
After success, shift trap positions 0.5m
IPM: Trapping,
Flying Insects
•
Traps insects in a sticky substance
•
Good for moths and active beetles
•
Hang or suspend traps at eye level
•
Need insects to be mobile
Hanging Traps
IPM: Trapping,
Crawling Insects
•
Include harborage, sticky, and pitfall
•
Corrugated cardboard, fill spaces with
meal of flour
•
Spiral of corrugated cardboard
Ground Traps
•
Control technique
•
Supplements monitoring
•
Map trapping device locations
(inside and outside)
IPM:
Trapping
Homemade traps?????
IPM:
Identification
IPM:
Identification
Pest identification is necessary to
_________________________
Roof rat
Norway rat
determine proper IPM tool(s)
IPM:
Identification
Small Group Activity
IPM: Identification,
Practice
IPM: Identification,
Insect Life Cycle
Four life stages
Feeding:
:
IPM: Identification,
Time from Egg to Adult
30 to 40 days to
produce adults
IPM: Identification,
Life-span of Adult
Short-lived
Long-lived
7 to 60 days
120 days to
1 YEAR
Only larva feeds
Most feeding in the adult stage
vs.
IPM: Identification,
Where do larvae feed?
Internal Grain Feeders
External Grain Feeder
vs.
Indianmeal moth (
Plodia interpunctella
)
Lesser Grain Borer (
Lesser Grain Borer (
Rhyzopertha dominica
Rhyzopertha dominica
)
)
IPM:
Identification
•
Insect eggs and pupae don’t feed, but harder to kill
•
Short-lived insects: only larvae feed
•
Internal grain feeders: larvae develop inside whole kernel
•
Egg to adult: 30 – 40 days at optimum temperature
•
Time sanitation activities to break development cycle
Identification is necessary to determine proper IPM tool(s)
IPM:
Monitoring
IPM decisions should be based on monitoring info
Why?
IPM: Monitoring,
How
Protocols needed
•
Who collects data? How?
•
What are the “triggers” for action?
•
Who analyzes data? How?
IPM: Monitoring,
How
The essence of monitoring is the analysis of data over time
•
Number traps
•
Check bi-weekly
•
Record which traps have
insects
IPM:
Pesticides
US Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA):
compounds intended to control, repel, mitigate a pest…
“Pest” = an organism out of place or undesirable
Toxicity
Exposure
IPM: Pesticides,
Toxicity
Degree of being poisonous
•
Chronic
(resulting from long term exposures)
Caution, Warning, or Danger
•
Acute
(immediate, short term)
Determined with animal exposure tests
Worst case toxicity from tests
“
signal word
”
IPM: Pesticides,
Exposure
Three routes
•
Oral
(eating / drinking)
•
Inhalation
(breathing)
•
Dermal
(skin absorption)
If absorption on the forearm =
1
1.3
1.8
2.1
4.2
1
11.8
IPM:
Pesticides
•
Rodenticides
•
Fumigants
•
Residual Insecticides
IPM:
Pesticides
Small Group Activity:
1.
Form 4 groups
2.
Answer the questions for your group
3.
Report to plenary
•
What are rodenticides?
•
How should we use them safely?
Group
Teal
Group
Green
•
What are residual insecticides used for?
•
How are they applied?
Group
Brown
•
What are the limitations & safety issue
associated with using residual insecticides?
Group
Gold
•
What are fumigants?
•
How do they differ from residuals?
IPM: Pesticides,
Rodenticides
•
Anticoagulants in grain mixtures formed into paraffin blocks
•
Secure baits in stations
•
Monitor feeding and keep baits fresh
•
Wear gloves!
IPM: Pesticides,
Residual Insecticides
•
Used indoors and out to:
-
Reduce number of existing insects
-
Discourage invaders for 3-4 weeks (depending on formulation
)
•
Generally sprayed on floors & pallets
before building stacks for sanitation
•
Cover everything to avoid oily residue
IPM: Pesticides,
Residual Insecticides
•
Only kill
exposed
flying or crawling insects. They do not
penetrate packaging or grain itself
•
Insect life stages vary in response to insecticide
•
Presence of food material increases the
survival of exposed insects
•
ID essential, not all species respond
equally to every pesticide
BUT
IPM: Pesticides,
Fumigants
•
Pesticides active in the gas state
•
Penetrate through packaging, deep into stacks and into
commodities
•
L
eave very little / no chemical residue
•
Very dangerous for people
; applicators and bystanders must
be protected!!!
IPM: Pesticides,
Fumigants
Methyl bromide
-
Only used for quarantine fumigations
Three options
Phosphine
-
Most popular commodity fumigant
Sulfuryl fluoride
-
Likely future PH
3
replacement
-
NOT easy to apply
TOP TEN
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a comprehensive approach that utilizes various methods to control pest populations effectively while minimizing harm to human health and the environment. IPM involves strategies such as monitoring, identification, trapping, inspection, sanitation, layout and design, physical control, and judicious use of pesticides. By implementing these practices, IPM aims to keep pest populations below economically damaging levels.
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Presentation Transcript
IPM: Definition Use of all available knowledge (methods) to keep pest populations below economically damaging levels in a manner that causes no harm to human health and the environment.
IPM: Definition (methods) #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1
IPM: Definition (methods) Small Group Activity: Each group has 8 cards each card with a different IPM method / practice listed on it 1. Form 4 groups 2. Place cards in order from 1 to 8, as shown on pyramid #1 is the most basic, fundamental practice
IPM: Definition (methods) Pesticides Monitoring Identification Trapping Inspection Sanitation Layout & Design Physical Control
IPM: Definition (methods) Pesticides Monitoring Identification Trapping Inspection Sanitation Layout & Design Physical Control
IPM: Definition (methods) Pesticides Monitoring Identification Trapping Inspection Sanitation Layout & Design Physical Control
IPM: Definition (methods) Pesticides Monitoring Identification Trapping Inspection Sanitation Layout & Design Physical Control
IPM: Definition (methods) Pesticides Monitoring Identification Trapping Inspection Sanitation Layout & Design Physical Control
IPM: Definition (methods) Pesticides Monitoring Identification Trapping Inspection Sanitation Layout & Design Physical Control
IPM: Definition (methods) Pesticides Monitoring Identification Trapping Inspection Sanitation Layout & Design Physical Control
IPM: Definition (methods) Pesticides Monitoring 8 common methods to reduce loss due to pest infestation Each has advantages and limitations Identification Trapping Inspection Sanitation Layout & Design Physical Control
IPM: Physical Control Exclude what you can, especially rodents and birds
IPM: Physical Control Exclude what you can, especially rodents and birds Keep doors closed tight! Seal all gaps - from below ground to the rooftop Well-lighted interior warehouse spaces (discourage rodents) Screen vents and windows Exterior lights on ground shining up, not on or above doors; white lights away from buildings, high pressure sodium lights near buildings
IPM: Layout & Design To exclude insects, think up, down, and in-between
Invaders use natural openings to enter packages Photo courtesy: Dr. Mike Mullen
IPM: Layout & Design To control insects, think up, down, and in-between Good ventilation and air movement will promote a dry environment and discourage certain insects Strain on seams of bags at bottom of stacks creates holes big enough for insects to enter Rough floors collect dust, grain Pallets allow air circulation and cleaning underneath stacks Allow adequate space for alleys and between stacks.
IPM: Sanitation Sanitation is 90% of IPM
IPM: Sanitation Why is sanitation so important? Depriving pests of what they need (food, water, harborage and favorable environments) puts stress on them. Stressed insects are easier to kill with chemicals.
IPM: Sanitation Sanitation is 90% of IPM Deprive pests of what they need Clean outdoors & indoors Beware of importing infestations; segregate commodities as necessary First in / First out (get out in 6-8 months)
IPM: Inspection Look, Listen, Touch, Smell
What can you smell in the warehouse?
IPM: Inspection Small Group Activity: Part 1 1. Form 4 groups 2. Brainstorm items to be on an IPM inspection list Part 2 3. Compare your list to Annex T-6 Template 4. In plenary, describe any concerns with Annex T-6
IPM: Inspection Look, Listen, Touch, Smell Don t bring infestation in, inspect arriving commodities Identify conditions that can be corrected before problems develop Localized pest activity can be managed before spreading
IPM: Trapping Control technique Supplements monitoring
IPM: Trapping, Rodents Exterior 2 rows regularly spaced Focus on shadows, warm spots, corners, quiet places Interior Place, along travel paths After success, shift trap positions 0.5m
IPM: Trapping, Flying Insects Hanging Traps Traps insects in a sticky substance Good for moths and active beetles Hang or suspend traps at eye level Need insects to be mobile
IPM: Trapping, Crawling Insects Ground Traps Include harborage, sticky, and pitfall Corrugated cardboard, fill spaces with meal of flour Spiral of corrugated cardboard
IPM: Trapping Homemade traps????? Control technique Supplements monitoring Map trapping device locations (inside and outside)
