Influential Philosophers Through Time
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THE BIG QUESTIONS
PHILOSOPHERS OF THE TIMES
EVAN SAUVE
CONFUCIUS
•
I was born circa 551 BC in Lu (ancient China).
•
Though it is argued that the Greeks
formularized the idea of democracy, it is
possible that I came up with the idea first.
•
I defended the idea of an Emperor, but
believed that his power should be limited. Any
ruler who abuses is a tyrant.
•
I am the most influential philosopher of the
Eastern world of all time.
SOCRATES
•
I was born circa 470 BC in Athens, Greece.
•
My work can be seen through plays by
Aristophanes and writings by Xenophon. They
were my students.
•
Much more of my work, however, can be seen
in the
Dialogues
written by Plato.
•
A form of inquiry and discussion between
individuals based on asking and answering
questions to stimulate critical thinking and to
illuminate ideas is named after me.
PLATO
•
I was born circa 428 BC in Athens, Greece.
•
I believed that the universe has a creator and
that we are less real than the creator, being
only ideas he (or it) had.
•
I believed that the material world is a
collection of failed attempts to achieve the
ideal concepts behind what we interact with.
•
I opened the world’s first school of higher
education, the Academy of Athens.
•
I preserved some of Socrates’ ideas through
my writings. Socrates did not write.
ARISTOTLE
•
I was born in 384 BC in Stagira, Chalcidice
(Greece).
•
I joined the Academy of Athens when I was
eighteen and stayed there until I was thirty-
seven (shortly after Plato’s death).
•
I organized animals and plants into categories
and types.
•
I was hired to tutor Alexander the Great. This
money allowed me to establish a library.
•
I am considered the father of Western
Philosophy.
PAUL OF TARSUS
•
I was born 5 AD in Tarsus, Cilicia (now
Turkey).
•
I am a Christian apostle, though not one of
the Twelve Apostles.
•
Fourteen of the twenty-seven books in the
New Testament have traditionally been
attributed to me.
•
Central to my teaching is the idea of “grace,”
that no one can achieve perfection, so we
are aware of this, humble, and ask
forgiveness and support anyway.
RENÉ DESCARTES
•
I was March 31
st
, 1596 in La Haye en Touraine,
Kingdom of France.
•
I am well-known for my work in both philosophy
and mathematics.
•
I am the father of modern philosophy.
•
I said “I think, therefore I am,” as a way of trying
to prove something: that I can know that I exist.
JOHN LOCKE
•
I was born August 29
th
, 1632.
•
Along with Thomas Jefferson, I am
responsible for not having a literal titled
nobility in America.
•
I believe in three “natural rights”: life, liberty
and lineage.
•
I am considered the father of Liberalism.
FREDERICH NIETZSCHE
•
I was born
October 15, 1844 in Prussia
.
•
Son of a clergyman who died when I was young, I at
first intended to be a clergyman but then became
one of the world’s most famous atheists.
•
I argued that Christianity made one weak by
encouraging compassion and generosity. I wrote a
book entitled
Beyond Good and Evil
, which argued
that with no God, there is no one to decide an
absolute standard for what is good and what is evil,
so it’s really just all about being strong and
independent.
•
I was weak and sickly most of my life, and died a
slow, painful, debilitated, deranged death, having
lost all of my faculties.
•
I famously said “God is dead, and we have killed
him.”
JUDITH BUTLER
•
I was born
February 24, 1956 in Cleveland,
Ohio.
•
I am responsible for popularizing the theory that
biological sex and lived gender are separate
concepts.
•
I present this in my 1990 book
Gender Trouble:
Feminism and the Subversion of Identity
.
•
I believe that we don’t present “masculine” or
“feminine” behaviour and appearance because
of our hormones or our genetics, but because
society gives us a “script” to perform, and we
are trained to follow that script.
Influential philosophers from different periods in history, such as Confucius from ancient China, Socrates and Plato from ancient Greece, Aristotle, Paul of Tarsus, René Descartes, and John Locke. These thinkers contributed groundbreaking ideas to philosophy and society, shaping the way we understand the world today.
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Presentation Transcript
CONFUCIUS I was born circa 551 BC in Lu (ancient China). Though it is argued that the Greeks formularized the idea of democracy, it is possible that I came up with the idea first. I defended the idea of an Emperor, but believed that his power should be limited. Any ruler who abuses is a tyrant. I am the most influential philosopher of the Eastern world of all time.
SOCRATES I was born circa 470 BC in Athens, Greece. My work can be seen through plays by Aristophanes and writings by Xenophon. They were my students. Much more of my work, however, can be seen in the Dialogues written by Plato. A form of inquiry and discussion between individuals based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas is named after me.
PLATO I was born circa 428 BC in Athens, Greece. I believed that the universe has a creator and that we are less real than the creator, being only ideas he (or it) had. I believed that the material world is a collection of failed attempts to achieve the ideal concepts behind what we interact with. I opened the world s first school of higher education, the Academy of Athens. I preserved some of Socrates ideas through my writings. Socrates did not write.
ARISTOTLE I was born in 384 BC in Stagira, Chalcidice (Greece). I joined the Academy of Athens when I was eighteen and stayed there until I was thirty- seven (shortly after Plato s death). I organized animals and plants into categories and types. I was hired to tutor Alexander the Great. This money allowed me to establish a library. I am considered the father of Western Philosophy.
PAUL OF TARSUS I was born 5 AD in Tarsus, Cilicia (now Turkey). I am a Christian apostle, though not one of the Twelve Apostles. Fourteen of the twenty-seven books in the New Testament have traditionally been attributed to me. Central to my teaching is the idea of grace, that no one can achieve perfection, so we are aware of this, humble, and ask forgiveness and support anyway.
REN DESCARTES I was March 31st, 1596 in La Haye en Touraine, Kingdom of France. I am well-known for my work in both philosophy and mathematics. I am the father of modern philosophy. I said I think, therefore I am, as a way of trying to prove something: that I can know that I exist.
JOHN LOCKE I was born August 29th, 1632. Along with Thomas Jefferson, I am responsible for not having a literal titled nobility in America. I believe in three natural rights : life, liberty and lineage. I am considered the father of Liberalism.
FREDERICH NIETZSCHE I was born October 15, 1844 in Prussia. Son of a clergyman who died when I was young, I at first intended to be a clergyman but then became one of the world s most famous atheists. I argued that Christianity made one weak by encouraging compassion and generosity. I wrote a book entitled Beyond Good and Evil, which argued that with no God, there is no one to decide an absolute standard for what is good and what is evil, so it s really just all about being strong and independent. I was weak and sickly most of my life, and died a slow, painful, debilitated, deranged death, having lost all of my faculties. I famously said God is dead, and we have killed him.
JUDITH BUTLER I was born February 24, 1956 in Cleveland, Ohio. I am responsible for popularizing the theory that biological sex and lived gender are separate concepts. I present this in my 1990 book Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. I believe that we don t present masculine or feminine behaviour and appearance because of our hormones or our genetics, but because society gives us a script to perform, and we are trained to follow that script.
