Industrial Training Experience at BHEL, Bhopal: A Comprehensive Overview
During a 4-week industrial training at BHEL, Bhopal under the guidance of senior managers, the focus was on the Communication Division involving tasks related to telephone exchange, fault checking, and departmental functions. BHEL, being the 7th largest power equipment manufacturer globally, offered insights into various products like gas turbines, boilers, and transformers. The learning experience included hands-on exposure to key telecom systems such as EPABX and M.D.F, emphasizing the essential role of telecommunications in public networks.
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INDUSTRIAL TRAINING BHOPAL (MADHYA PRADESH) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: SUBMITTED BY: ER. H.K. PATIL MR. AMLAN BASU SENIOR MANAGER, ITM UNIVERSITY,GWALIOR(M.P.) COMMIUNICATION DIVISION, ROLL NO. : BETI1EC11009 BHEL, BHOPAL(M.P.) BRANCH: ECE (INTEGRATED) TOKEN NO. : VT-460/14
ABSTRACT 4 weeks training From 29thMay,2014 to 25thJune 2016 Communication Division Motive: Telephone exchange, Fault checking, Functions of department
ABOUT BHEL Founded in 1964 7thlargest power equipment manufacturer in the world Owned and founded by the Government of India Is a Public sector of India undertaking B. Prasad Rao (Chairman & MD) Revenue: 50,156 Crores (USD 9.23 billion) (2012-13) Employees: 48,399 (March 2013) Products Manufactured: Gas and Steam Turbines, Boilers, Generators, Heat Exchangers, Pumps, Switchgears, Sensors, Automation and Control Systems, Power electronics, Transmission systems, Transformers.
TELEPHONE EXCHANGE Telecommunications system Used in public switched telephone networks Consists of different electronic equipments Main part is exchange (older system: PBX[private branch exchange, modern system: EPABX [electronic private automatic branch exchange]) Has 3 parts.
TELEPHONE EXCHNGE MDF EPABX POWER SUPPLY (MAIN (ELECTRONIC PRIVATE AUTOMATIC BRANCH EXCHANGE) DISTRIBUTION FRAME) (48 V DC)
M.D.F (Main Distribution Frame) Signal distribution frame (connecting equipments to cables and subscriber carrier equipment) Flexibility in assigning facilities (at lower cost & higher capacity)
EPABX EXCHANGE MDF FIELD MDF TO DIFFERENT SUBCRIBERS
EPABX (Electronic private automatic branch exchange) Exchange Connect to the external or internal communication lines. Also called auto numbers or land line numbers. 3000 numbers IRIS IVDX coral (provided by coral telecomm. that has 4000 ports)
CORAL IRIS IVDX 4000 Ports divided into 8 frames and each frame with 512 ports. Each port has a card Cards: MCC, PRI, FLC, DCC, FTC, PBC, RPBC .
MCC (MAIN CONTROLLER CARD) The first card of the frame Has a switching part and another DSP part (ring back tone) MCC 8 / MCC 16 / MCC 32 Dialling type: DTMF & FSK
PRI (Primary rate interface) Interface between the different channels or DSP or Ring back tonnes. 30 channels per PRI (ex. 9 PRIs: 270 channels) Pair of 2 (incoming and outgoing) DID (direct incoming dialling) & DOD (direct outgoing dialling) : Incoming junction (via operator)
FLC (feature line card) 16/32: The card controls all the analog numbers. Connects the exchange to exchange MDF. DCC (digital control card): The card controls all the digital numbers. FTC (feature trunk card) & FCT (feature cellular trunk): Responsible for the calls made to the cellular devices/mobile which are connected to the high gain antennas. The other cards PBC (peripheral bridge cards) & RPBC (Rack peripheral bridge cards)
TELEPHONE Telecommunication device that enables 2 or more users to communicate Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 Earlier had rotary dial but now has DTMF push button 2 types: Analog telephone & Digital telephone
Frequency it works on is 30Hz 3.5 KHz and voltage rating of 40V 48V 2g : 900MHz - 1800 MHz 3g : 1800 MHz 2100MHz
FAULTS Noise or disturbance Temporary out of order Interference Line busy False calling Ring Problem
FAULT DETECTION Various ways of fault detection The most important is cable fault detection using MEGGER
TRANSMISSION MEDIA Optical fibre (of 6 pair used earlier, now combination of 20 is used) Earlier: Insulation coating of paper Now: Insulation coating of PVC
PAIR COMBINATION OF TRANSMISSION CABLE 10-15 1-5 Blue-black Blue-white Orange-black Orange-white Green-black Green-white Brown-black Brown-white Slate - black Slate- white 5-10 15-20 Blue-red Blue-blue Orange-red Orange-blue Green-red Green-blue Brown-red Brown-blue Slate-red Slate-blue
POSTAL SECTION (DAAK) Receiving and sending Both official and residential Update records in file and online Special rechargeable machine for postal stamps
UPDATION AND BILLING SECTION Call records Updating the opening and closing of numbers Co-ordination with finance department Co-ordination with BSNL for the record of calls going out of BHEL premises Updating (file) of MDF chrome section manually on daily basis Updating numbers in use and not in use.
CONCLUSION The communication was made possible by the equipments and the details of the same were also done. Learnt about the proper functioning of communication division of BHEL, Bhopal (M.P.)