Importance of Access Skills in Academic Curriculum
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What are Access Skills?
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Access Skills
How the Resource Guide is Organized
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•
Tenth-grade student who is reading at a first-grade level is NOT
addressing the curriculum at an access level
•
Eighth-grade student with significant behavioral issues who
refuses to write, who will “only” shout answers from under a
desk is NOT addressing the curriculum at an access level
•
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Who is NOT addressing access skills…..
•
Sixth-grade student with an emerging communication system
who can “only” answer simple questions by eye gazing to the
correct response from a field of three icons is NOT addressing
the curriculum at an access level
•
Third-grade student who is being marked
inaccurate
for
grasping the wrong manipulative when asked to match a shape
drawn on a paper, is NOT addressing the curriculum at an
access level
Who is NOT addressing access skills…..
•
If you are taking data on the accuracy of the icon or
shape
chosen
that is academic content, a measurable
outcome based on a low-level entry point is most likely
appropriate.
•
Examples of low entry points:
•
Match words or pictures to objects/icons or symbols
(Language, p.140)
•
Identify the main character in a literary text
(Reading, p.15)
•
Answer yes/no questions related to numbers, quantities, or counting
(Number and Operations in Base Ten, p. 43)
Who is NOT addressing access skills…..
“Although a student’s IEP objectives may be the overriding
learning focus for that student, providing him or her with the
opportunity to
practice those objectives in the context of the
general classroom and to receive instruction on those objectives
in the context of general education activities
represents one
fundamental way of ensuring that students with significant
disabilities do participate in the general curriculum.”
--Kleinert, H.L. & Kearns, J.F. (2001). Measuring outcomes and supports for students with disabilities.
Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
The
Importance of Access Skills
“Lee will grasp a toothbrush for 2 to 4 seconds.”
(This is
not
a standards-based activity)
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(
High School Science and Technology/Engineering
Biology
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Critical Skills Become the
Access Skills
that Allow Students
to be Assessed During a Standards-Based Activity
Select an Appropriate Access Skill from the Resource
Guide to Create a Measurable Outcome
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Educators Manual, p.
28
DATA CHARTS
BAR GRAPH
LINE GRAPH
FIELD DATA CHART
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•
Are you familiar with the term
errorless
choices
?
•
Yes
•
No
•
Maybe, but I could use a refresher
Poll Question
•
Errorless choice learning ensures that students are always:
•
responding correctly,
•
building their confidence, and
•
increasing their knowledge at the same time.
•
Promotes independent responses vs. prompt reliance
•
Implies intentionality
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Reinforces response/participation
Errorless Choice
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accuracy and independence were determined on each trial.
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9/29/23
Student’s
responses
Teacher-Documented Work Sample
(Cont’d)
Session 2:
5 Trials
All blocks were
placed back on
the Velcro strip to
start the process
again.
Indicates the student’s
response
Overall accuracy and
independence for
all
trials completed on
the same day.
9/29/23
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10/16/23
Indicates
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Overall accuracy and independence
This teacher-
documented
work sample
describes
materials,
number of
trials, and
latency for
each
response.
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Work Sample Description for Teacher-Documented Sample
After reading an
informational text “The
Polar Region,” the student
was presented with a pre-
recorded switch with the
message “more please.”
The student’s responses
were recorded to
determine if the switch was
activated within 30
seconds after the reading
stopped.
10/6/23
Student
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A thumbnail picture of each page
documenting the accuracy and
independence of each trial. (See
measurable outcome and description on
Work Description label)
Student
10/6/23
Book Cover
Another Teacher-Documented Work Sample: Using a Series
of Pictures
Student
1/18/18
Trial 2
Trial 2
Trial 2
Trial
1
Trial
1
Trial
1
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(Wehmeyer & Palmer, 2003; Wehmeyer & Schwartz,
1998)
--Kleinert, H. L. & Kearns, J.F. (2010). Alternate Assessment for students with Significant Cognitive Disabilities.
Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Choice of:
•
materials
•
response format
•
order of events
•
partner
•
continuing or terminating the activity
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Self -Evaluation
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Contact Information
Debra Hand, MCAS-Alt Coordinator
Debra.d.hand@mass.gov
MCAS-Alt Forms and Graphs online:
Sign In
(measuredprogress
.org)
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Access skills play a crucial role in ensuring that students with diverse needs can engage with academic content effectively. This includes addressing individualized entry points, utilizing low-level tasks, and providing appropriate support for students with varying abilities. Access skills help in making curriculum more inclusive and accessible for all learners, regardless of their challenges or limitations.
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MCAS-AltForStudentsUsingAccess Skills Fall 2023 Laura Hines, MCAS-Alt Education Consultant Debra Hand, DESE Kevin Froton, Cognia 1
What are Access Skills? Learning Standards Grade Level Entry Points Access Skills 2
How the Resource Guide is Organized Essence of the standard: Solve mathematical problems involving 3-D shapes Standard Grade 8 8.G.9 Know the formulas for the volume of cones, cylinders, and spheres, and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems. Sort two- dimensional shapes by attribute (e.g., number of sides) Calculate the surface area of a cube Match the same shapes with different orientations Visually track geometric shapes Access Skill Grade Level Entry points Less Complex More Complex 3
Who is NOT addressing access skills.. Tenth-grade student who is reading at a first-grade level is NOT addressing the curriculum at an access level Eighth-grade student with significant behavioral issues who refuses to write, who will only shout answers from under a desk is NOT addressing the curriculum at an access level These students can address the academic content 4
Who is NOT addressing access skills.. Sixth-grade student with an emerging communication system who can only answer simple questions by eye gazing to the correct response from a field of three icons is NOT addressing the curriculum at an access level Third-grade student who is being marked inaccurate for grasping the wrong manipulative when asked to match a shape drawn on a paper, is NOT addressing the curriculum at an access level 5
Who is NOT addressing access skills.. If you are taking data on the accuracy of the icon or shape chosen that is academic content, a measurable outcome based on a low-level entry point is most likely appropriate. Examples of low entry points: Match words or pictures to objects/icons or symbols (Language, p.140) Identify the main character in a literary text (Reading, p.15) Answer yes/no questions related to numbers, quantities, or counting (Number and Operations in Base Ten, p. 43) 6
The Importance of Access Skills Although a student s IEP objectives may be the overriding learning focus for that student, providing him or her with the opportunity to practice those objectives in the context of the general classroom and to receive instruction on those objectives in the context of general education activities represents one fundamental way of ensuring that students with significant disabilities do participate in the general curriculum. --Kleinert, H.L. & Kearns, J.F. (2001). Measuring outcomes and supports for students with disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. 7
IEP Goal (as written) Lee will grasp a toothbrush for 2 to 4 seconds. (This is not a standards-based activity) WHAT S THE CRITICAL SKILL IN THIS GOAL? GRASPING ReframedGoal: Given a tool, Lee will be able to grasp it for 2 to 4 seconds without dropping it in 50% of sessions observed. 8
Critical Skills Become the Access Skills that Allow Students to be Assessed During a Standards-Based Activity Grasp materials as they are counted. (Mathematics The Number System) Grasp materials representing a key idea or detail in a story, poem, folktale, or myth. (ELA Reading-Literature) Grasp materials in an investigation about living and non-living. (High School Science and Technology/Engineering Biology) 9
Select an Appropriate Access Skill from the Resource Guide to Create a Measurable Outcome 10
Latency Mastery for this task Measurable outcome includes the access skill + criteria that indicate how the observer will know that the student has successfully performed the task (e.g., latency), including criteria for mastery (e.g., in 80% of sessions observed.) 11
Educators Manual, p. 28 Core Set of Evidence A complete strand must include at leastthe following core set of evidence. Data Chart Strand Cover Sheet attached to each strand being submitted First piece of primary evidence (Teacher- documented work sample, photo, or video) Second piece of primary evidence (Teacher- documented work sample, photo, or video) Skills Survey administered in each strand + + + + Bar, Line or Field Data Chart documenting the measurable outcome on at least 8 different dates Except unique requirements for ELA Writing and Science and Tech/Eng (STE) 12
DATA CHARTS LINE GRAPH BAR GRAPH FIELD DATA CHART 13
Measurable Outcome . choose from an array of 2 errorless choices within 15 seconds of a directive related to vocabulary acquisition with 75% accuracy and 100% independence Brief descriptions on the data chart must reflect the skill (i.e., choose from an array of 2), and the standards-based activity. (i.e., Synonym Go Fish, synonym worksheet, synonym Jeopardy, synonym poster). 14
Poll Question Are you familiar with the term errorless choices? Yes No Maybe, but I could use a refresher 15
Errorless Choice Errorless choice learning ensures that students are always: responding correctly, building their confidence, and increasing their knowledge at the same time. Promotes independent responses vs. prompt reliance Implies intentionality Reinforces response/participation 16
Teacher-Documented Work Sample Label with name, date, overall % accuracy, and % independence. Document a series of trials conducted during the same activity. Specifically describe the materials and context of the activity o Expected response (if appropriate), and the student s actual response (accuracy and independence) clearly show how accuracy and independence were determined on each trial. NOTE: Examples of teacher-documented work samples are available on the following slides. 17
Barry 9/29/23 Teacher-Documented Work Sample Teacher-documented work samples describe materials, and the context of the activities, and document responses on a series of trials conducted at the same time. Student s responses Session 1: 5 Trials (Continued on page 2) 18
Indicates the students response (Cont d) Session 2: 5 Trials All blocks were placed back on the Velcro strip to start the process again. 9/29/23 Overall accuracy and independence for all trials completed on the same day. 19
Teacher-Documented Work Sample (example) Indicates the student s response This teacher- documented work sample describes materials, number of trials, and latency for each response. 10/16/23 Overall accuracy and independence 20
Supporting Documentation for Teacher-Documented Work Sample Does not show a final product or how the student participated. Only shows the context of a learning activity The technology shown above is used by the student to advance a computer program within 15 seconds of a directive on Ratio and Proportional Relationships. 21
Work Sample Description for Teacher-Documented Sample After reading an informational text The Polar Region, the student was presented with a pre- recorded switch with the message more please. Student 10/6/23 The student s responses were recorded to determine if the switch was activated within 30 seconds after the reading stopped. 22
Teacher-Documented Work Sample (example) 10/6/23 Student Book Cover A thumbnail picture of each page documenting the accuracy and independence of each trial. (See measurable outcome and description on Work Description label) 23
Another Teacher-Documented Work Sample: Using a Series of Pictures Trial 1 Trial 1 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 2 Trial 2 Measurable Outcome: The student will locate objects partially hidden or out of sight of Earth, Moon, Sun, stars, solar system, or seasons activity with 80% accuracy and 80% independence. Student 1/18/18 Date: 1/10/24 100% Accuracy 50% Independence 24
Thinking About Self-Evaluation Student choice-making and evaluation of one s own work are essential components of self-determination, which is an important predictor of successful post-school outcomes. (Wehmeyer & Palmer, 2003; Wehmeyer & Schwartz, 1998) --Kleinert, H. L. & Kearns, J.F. (2010). Alternate Assessment for students with Significant Cognitive Disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co. 25
Self-Evaluation: Students Making Choices within a Standards-Based Activity Choice of: materials response format order of events partner continuing or terminating the activity Do you see evidence of the student s voice in the self-evaluation? Is it authentic? 26
Examples of Self-Evaluation Student She Self -Evaluation Self -Evaluation 27
Contact Information Additional Access Skills Materials: www.doe.mass.edu/mcas/alt/resources Debra Hand, MCAS-Alt Coordinator Debra.d.hand@mass.gov MCAS-Alt Forms and Graphs online: Sign In (measuredprogress.org) 28
