Historical Movements: Gold Rushes and Colonization in North America and Australia
The reading explores the impact of the Gold Rush in California and Australia, leading to mass migrations in search of wealth and opportunities. It delves into the colonization efforts and expansionist pursuits of British control, discussing push and pull factors that influenced emigration to North America. The text highlights the transformation of regions due to gold discoveries, the role of colonies, democracy, and various settlers in shaping the history of these lands.
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Year 9 History Movement of Peoples Readings
discovered in California. This led to a gold rush of people seeking instant wealth. Around 300 a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ British control in the 18th century. This led to a period of western expansion as the modern __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ iii. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ By the late 18th century, Canada was a British colony that was starting to open _____________________________________________________________________ opportunity. The idea of America as a prosperous democracy was a powerful pull factor for routes developed. All this created employment and opportunities to own land. The chance to was given free to settlers along the route of the trans-Canadian railway. In 1848, gold was _________________________________________________________________ The concept of the USA as a land stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific 000 people arrived in California over the next five years, transforming the area. This was ___________________________________________________________________ up. Like the USA, it had large areas of land available, and to encourage development, land 3. Circle the metalanguage words : colonies, democracy, gold rush, opportunities, settlers many Europeans seeing their lives worsen as the Industrial Revolution changed the world USA took shape. As settlers moved west across the country, new settlements and trade North American colonies fought a War of Independence to break free of 11. In summary why was North America such an a popular destination for emigrants? Ocean was firmly established. An image was created of North America as a land of 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. be a part of this new nation was a powerful pull factor drawing new immigrants. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 1: Pull factors North America followed by a Colorado gold rush, and the western states grew rapidly. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Influences on immigration pull factors: North America 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. forever. ii. i.
during the gold era were political refugees including Chartists and rebels involved in the failed Australia and Western Australia. As exploration opened the continent to settlement, the need they included around 750 convicts guarded by marines (soldiers who fight both on land and at ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iii. ___________________________________________________________________ iv. ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ for financial assistance to bring them to Australia. This would be an approach that would also As in the USA, the discovery of gold helped transform Australia. Gold was first expanded. By the 19th century there were colonies in Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, South a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ assisted migrants. If workers possessed a particular skill, prospective employers could apply 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ discovered by Edward Hargraves near Bathurst in New South Wales in 1851. The Australian for workers increased. Convicts were gradually replaced by free settlers and a new class of When the First Fleet arrived to establish a British colony in Australia in 1788, _________________________________________________________________ population more than doubled between 1850 and 1860. Among those who came to Australia opportunity to think and speak freely, practise one s chosen religion and express differing ___________________________________________________________________ political views. Many stayed to become settlers in the new nation that would emerge with Life was difficult in such a different climate, but gradually the first colony _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ sea). Along with government officials, this was the first British population of Australia. 3. Circle the metalanguage words : assisted, colony, difficult, exploration, federation, There was a perception that in newly settled lands there was a greater 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 11. In summary why was Australia such an a popular destination for emigrants? 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 2: Pull factors Australia Influences on immigration pull factors: Australian colonies boost immigrant numbers in the 20th century. 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? immigrant, political, refugees, 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. federation in 1901 1848 revolutions. ii. i.
homelands in the simple quest for survival. The work of Thomas Malthus suggested that such disasters farmers to survive this tragedy. The result was starvation in Ireland while tonnes of edible crops were most peasant families to rely heavily on the potato crop for their sustenance. In the 1840s, the potato ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iii. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iv. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Circle the metalanguage words : blight, coffin ships, edible, evicted, million, rent, survival, in five emigrants died on the voyages of the so-called coffin ships . Poor sanitation, overcrowding and The crops and animals that they produced on their small holdings were used as rent payments, leaving North America because the journey was shorter and cheaper. However, it is estimated that up to one __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ leaving Ireland?______________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ The majority of Irish people were tenant farmers on lands owned by English overlords. crop failed several years in a row as a result of impoverished soils and a disease called potato blight. 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ finished up in workhouses where they received meagre accommodation and food. Disease was rife in Over a period of ten years, the population of Ireland decreased by one-third. A small greatest movements of people out of one country occurred, as a result of the failure of the potato Over the centuries, natural disasters have motivated groups of people to leave their disease meant that many passengers, already weakened by starvation, were not able to survive the 11. In summary how did the Great potato famine of Ireland lead to large numbers of Irish ___________________________________________________________________ most workhouses and the already starving and weakened peasants had little resistance. The most disastrous years of famine were 1847 to 1849. The famine led to between one and one and a half percentage of those who left Ireland travelled to Australian and New Zealand, but most went to were part of a natural cycle of population control. In the middle of the 19th century, one of the shipped to England. Those who were evicted from their cottages for non-payment of rent often Most landowners refused to waive the rents, which would have enabled the Irish Influences on emigration the push factors: Natural disasters: the Irish potato failure 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. million deaths. Up to two million emigrants also left Ireland at this time. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 3: Push factors Australia 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? tenant, waive, workhouses, 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. crop in Ireland. journey. ii. i.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iii. ___________________________________________________________________ iv. ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ during the early 1800s. This was written by Vaux while he was waiting to be transported __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ who are capable of getting into the boats, are taken ashore and there employed at various On arriving on board, we were all immediately stripped and washed in two large 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ tubs of water, then, after putting on each a suit of coarse slop clothing, we were ironed and kinds of labour and while so employed, each gang of sixteen or twenty men is watched and Every morning, at seven o clock, all the convicts capable of work, or, in fact, all _________________________________________________________________ double ironed; and the reader may conceive the horrible effects arising from the continual _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ James Hardy Vaux was a prisoner on the Retribution, a hulk moored at Woolwich, England, ___________________________________________________________________ cruel by the consciousness of the power they possess They invariably carry a large and devoid of feeling; ignorant in the extreme, brutal by nature, and rendered tyrannical and They were confined in this floating dungeon nearly 600 men, most of them rattling of chains, the filth and vermin naturally produced by such a crowd of miserable These guards are commonly of the lowest class of human beings; wretches ponderous stick, with which, without the smallest provocation, they fell an unfortunate _____________________________________________________________ convict to the ground, and frequently repeat their blows long after the poor fellow is 3. Circle the metalanguage words : capable, convicts, devoid, hulk, insensible, labour, 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. 11.In summary what was life like for a convict on board a hulk? Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 4: Convict colony sent below; our own clothes being taken from us 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? for a second time to New South Wales. directed by a fellow called a guard. miserable, prisoner, tyrannical 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. inhabitants insensible. ii. i.
experience. Cruelty by captains and crew, scurvy, dysentery, typhoid and the sickness involved with travelling across vast oceans below deck on a tiny ship all combined to make the journey a The First Fleet of 11 ships arrived at Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Finding the ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ surgeons were appointed to supervise the treatment of convicts, and a bonus was paid for the authorities reviewed the process. Ships were only despatched twice a year at the end of May ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iii. ___________________________________________________________________ iv. ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ most of the voyage restrained below deck. Most of the convicts who arrived in 1788 were in Conditions on board the First Fleet were cramped for the convicts who spent ________________________________________________________________ and beginning of September to avoid southern hemisphere winter conditions. Independent area unsuitable for settlement, the fleet moved on to Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) and landed at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. Of the 1400 passengers, more than half were ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Circle the metalanguage words : bonus, conditions, environment, reversed, reviewed, themselves in. The seasons were reversed, the heat unlike anything they had previously By 1801, so many convict lives were being lost on the journey that English convicts 564 men and 192 women. They were the first of more than 160 000 convicts Later convict arrivals during the 18th century appear to have had a worse reasonable condition, but must have been stunned at the new environment they found 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 11. In summary what was the experience for the convicts who were transported? _____________________________________________________ transported to the Australian colonies before the practice ceased in 1869. experienced, and the soil seemingly unfit for sustaining the new colony. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 5: Journey to Australia 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? sickness, sustaining, unsuitable, 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives safe arrival of convicts. horrendous experience. 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. The journey ii. i.
The treatment of assigned convicts depended on the nature of the master. Most were harsh Once convicts arrived in Australia, their future was largely dependent on their attitude. For Wales, many convicts were housed in government barracks similar to prisons and were sent out daily, often ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iii. ___________________________________________________________________ iv. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ and demanding, but some also showed compassion and fairness, teaching assigned convicts skills that would even to found dynasties. Well-known ex-convicts included Francis Greenaway (architect), James Blackburn in chain gangs, to build roads, bridges and houses. Others were assigned to free settlers to work on farms time, there were plenty of opportunities in a colony establishing itself on the other side of the world. Any __________________________________________________________________ significant figures in New South Wales society for much of the 19th century. There is some dispute as to a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ development of this country. In most cases, their labour in the towns and on the farms went unnoticed or The experiences of convicts in Australia varied greatly. In the first decades in New South 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ (engineer), William Bland (surgeon), John Davies (journalist and publisher), William Field (pastoralist and However, some ex-convicts went on to take up significant positions in colonial society, and _________________________________________________________________ whether D Arcy should be described as a convict because he volunteered to go to Botany Bay before he many, it was desperation to improve their life that led to them being transported. If they served their assist them once they had served their terms. The majority of convicts played an important role in the ________________________________________________________________ (theatre impresario), Samuel Terry (merchant and philanthropist) and D Arcy Wentworth (surgeon and ___________________________________________________________________ businessman), Simeon Lord (merchant and magistrate), Mary Reiby (businesswoman), Robert Sidaway _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Circle the metalanguage words : assigned, attitude, chain gangs, dependent, improve, D Arcy Wentworth was the father of William Charles Wentworth, one of the most or to act as labourers in private businesses such as breweries, brickworks, saddlers' or smithies. 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 6: Experiences of convicts skills such as building and food preparation ensured a bright future. 11. In summary what was the experience for the convicts? 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? was sentenced for highway robbery. 2. Number the paragraphs. varied, unaknowledged 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Making a go of it unacknowledged. pastoralist). ii. v. i.
supply of convicts for transportation to Australia. It also created a large number of potential women to migrate, it made no arrangements for them to find suitable work or accommodation better way of life. The government of the penal colony encouraged free settlers to make the women were brought to Australia by the London Emigration Committee between August 1833 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ From some British points of view, the settlement of Australia is the story of an a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ From the Aboriginal point of view, the arrival of European settlers is viewed as __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ iii. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ iv. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. Circle the metalanguage words : adventurous, constant, emigrants, hostile, invasion, land migrants. Hardship pushed people to look to the world beyond for the opportunity to build a destined for Sydney, Hobart and Launceston. Although the British government paid for the long journey halfway around the world. Within five years, free settlers were arriving in the adventurous voyage to a mysterious part of the world, and the heroic struggle to overcome colony began to grow rapidly as emigrants arrived from Britain and Ireland. By 1830 there As men made up over 70 per cent of the population of the colony, the British colony They were given land grants by the governor and the use of convict labour to farm The hardships of Industrial Revolution Britain created crime and a constant ___________________________________________________________________ government decided on a scheme to bring women to the Australia. More than 2700 young and February 1837. Fourteen ships of women made the journey from London and Ireland, an invasion. By 1800 there were about 1100 free settlers in Australia. Around 1815, the were about 43 500 free settlers. By 1860 there were just over 600 000 emigrants in 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. the difficulties of surviving in a new and sometimes hostile environment. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 7 : Experiences of Free settlers 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. 11. In summary what were the experiences of the free settlers? ____________________________________________ 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives What were the experiences of free settlers? 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? on their arrival in the colony. grants, potential, scheme 2. Number the paragraphs. 6. Highlight 3 adverbs their properties. Australia. ii. i.
on links to each other and the land. The land sustained a population that was able to eat well. Indeed, when Aboriginal people kindly and to attempt to share with them all the benefits of white civilisation . However, The settlement of Australia was always going to cause conflict with Indigenous Australians. For the Europeans, successful living was dependent on private ownership of land, cultivation __________________________________________________________________ Until the arrival of the British, most Indigenous Australians had led lives of continuity. Culture was based a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ Bennelong, an Indigenous man captured by Governor Phillip, lived with the settlers, he struggled to live on believed that they belonged to the land and that it was there to meet the needs of the whole community. 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ iii. __________________________________________________________________ iv. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ severely affected the birth rate. Aboriginals were dying in their thousands while the number of newborn _____________________________________________________________________ One of the most devastating impacts of white colonisation was disease. Aboriginals had no detrimental to health but gradually the Indigenous people lost many of their hunting and food-gathering _________________________________________________________________ there was no mention of any recognition of their rights to the land. There was also little attempt, in any babies was declining year by year. In Port Phillip, an estimated Indigenous population of up to 30 000 at immunity to serious diseases such as smallpox and cholera. Even illnesses such as influenza, the common including Phillip, gave the Aboriginals European food, clothing, alcohol and tobacco. Not only were these They had learnt to live in harmony with the land and they had an elaborate culture and spirituality that 3. Circle the metalanguage words : conflict, culture, detrimental, disease, fatal, harmony, There was no concept of private ownership or of demonstrating ownership with boundaries and fences. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Indigenous Australians had a totally different concept of landownership and use. They Governor Phillip, the first governor of New South Wales, was instructed to treat the cold, measles and chicken pox could prove fatal. Sexually transmitted diseases and depression also of the colonies, to understand Aboriginal society or culture. Well-meaning but misguided settlers, their rations. A week s food for the colonists was barely enough for a day s meals for Bennelong. 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. of the soil, building of houses and fences, and outward demonstrations of progress. the time of settlement in 1835 had shrunk to between 3000 and 5000 by 1850. 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. 11. In summary what impact did settlement have on Aboriginals? 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 8: Journey to Australia Impact of European settlement on Indigenous Australians skills, which led to further disintegration of their culture. 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? private, settlement, spirituality, _______________________ 2. Number the paragraphs. gave meaning to their lives. 6. Highlight 3 adverbs ii. v. i.
Carolina and Georgia, there were major labour problems. In these colonies, many of the farms ___________________________________________________________________ property. Initially there were slaves and slave owners in all of the original 13 British colonies, It was regarded as acceptable that raiding parties could land in West Africa. By ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iii. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iv. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Circle the metalanguage words : chattel, desperate, horrific, labour, plantations, slavery, 11. In summary ? _________________________________________________________ Slavery has been a part of life since ancient times. Even in today s world, forms a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ negotiation or force, they would gather boatloads of human beings, chain them together and 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ of slavery exist. The idea that one person can own another is rejected by modern societies, cheap labour. Completely removed from family, tradition, culture and hope, the experiences but economic necessity can lead people to do desperate things. Human trafficking and child In the southern British colonies of America such as Virginia, North and South That solution was found in the institution of chattel slavery, which dominated sail to the Americas. On arrival, they would be sold to landowners who were desperate for were large plantations requiring backbreaking labour in the hot sun. Workers of European background were unwilling to undertake plantation work, except for very high wages. This ___________________________________________________________________ became the property of the person who bought them, and any children also became their but by the time of the War of Independence and the creation of the USA in the 1780s, the economy of much of North America for over 200 years. This meant that the slaves abuse are still components of exploitation that make up the experience of some in the would have made the plantations unprofitable, so another solution had to be found. 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 9 : Introduction to slavery slavery was largely confined to the southern states. of these forced immigrants were often horrific. 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives War of Independence Slaves in the Americas 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. modern world. ii. v. i.
worlds had been my own, I would freely parted with them all to have exchanged my condition with that amongst the poor chained men, I found some of my own nation, which in a small degree gave ease to my white themselves. One white man in particular I saw flogged so unmercifully with a large rope near the absolutely pestilential. The closeness of the place and the heat of the climate, added to the number in crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat. I now wished for the last friend, insupportable, and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children often fell, and were almost watch us very closely who were not chained down to the decks, lest we should leap into the water: and differing so much from ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke united to confirm me in this The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it b. ___________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ the water, I naturally feared that element the first time I saw it, yet nevertheless, could I have got 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ Olaudah Equiano s first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now become was dangerous to remain there for any length of time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a This produced copious perspiration, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration from a variety over the nettings, I would have jumped over the side, but I could not; and besides, the crew used to I had never experienced any thing of this kind before; and although not being used to people looked and acted, as I thought, in so savage a manner; for I had never seen among any people refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands, and laid me across I think the windlass, and such instances of brutal cruelty; and this not only shown towards us blacks, but also to some of the handled and tossed up to see if I were sound by some of the crew; and I was now persuaded that I the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. the deck for the fresh air; but now that the whole ship's cargo were confined together, it became I asked them if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces and loose hair. They told me I was not. But still I feared I should be put to death, the white foremast, that he died in consequence of it; and they tossed him over the side as they would have ___________________________________________________________________ astonishment which was soon converted to terror when I was carried on board. I was immediately belief. Indeed such were the horrors of my views and fears at the moment, that, if ten thousand suffocated. The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole scene of death, to relieve me; but soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables; and on my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life: so that, with the loathsomeness of the stench and I have seen some of these poor African prisoners most severely cut for attempting to do so, and hourly whipped for not eating. This indeed was often the case with myself. In a little time after, I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my had gotten into a world of bad spirits and that they were going to kill me. Their complexion too slave ship, which was then riding at anchor and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with 3. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness amongst the slaves, of which many died. 8. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 10 : Olaudah Equiano aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. tied my feet, while the other flogged me severely. of the meanest slave in my own country. 2. Number the paragraphs. horror almost inconceivable." 6. Highlight 5 adjectives 7. Highlight 3 adverbs 5. Highlight 5 verbs. 4. Highlight 5 nouns. done a brute. mind.
Slave owners responded by requesting more women be transported from Africa in an attempt for the Americas. At the end of the eighteenth century the price of slaves increased sharply Arrival in the Americas delivered Africans into a lifetime of captivity. From the purchasers would examine them thoroughly, look in their mouths, feel their muscles and even a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 11. In summary ? ________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ iii. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ iv. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Circle the metalanguage words : auctioned, captivity, dehumanising, emotional, lethargic , A steady supply of new slaves was needed to provide a large enough workforce given laudanum, a drug to calm them down, while lethargic slaves were given a tot of brandy The first six months of a slave's life in the Americas was called the seasoning dehumanising and undignified, especially as the slaves had no idea where they were or what period. New diseases, poor nutrition, brutal working ,conditions and emotional trauma killed unloaded and prepared for auction. Sores were covered with tar. Troublesome slaves were The slaves were paraded like animals before the interested buyers. Potential marketplaces of the Caribbean, Brazil and North America they were inspected, auctioned ___________________________________________________________________ When the slave ships docked at one of the American ports, the slaves were comment on their ability as potential breeders of more slaves. The entire process was 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. to increase their slave numbers by encouraging the birth of slave children. 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. many Africans during their seasoning into the life of a s1ave. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 11 : Arrival Experiences of slaves - arrival in the Americas 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? and herded onto plantations and into mines. plantations, potential, requesting to make them seem more alert. 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. was ahead of them. Arrival ii. v. i.
in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the One group of slaves on a plantation in Mississippi drove the master out and began farming the land of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is fall but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents Confederate states. When the war ended in April 1865, slaves in the middle states, which had not seceded, were ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ iii. ___________________________________________________________________ iv. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ masters chose to remain. This was sometimes out of a genuine belief that they were better off staying put, but those kidnapped from the African coast hundreds of years earlier. The responses of slaves to the Emancipation By 1860, the USA was divided over the issue of slavery. In the 1860 presidential election, Abraham Lincoln was immediately and took to the roads, usually heading north. Often they did not get far and it was not long before a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved I do not expect the house to Confederate States of America. The southern army fired the first shots of the civil war on 12 April 1861. The Lincoln s election led to the secession (withdrawal) of 11 southern slave states. They created a new nation, the The Civil War brought slavery to an end but it did not lead to equality for the descendants of elected on a platform of preserving the unity of the nation. He set out his vision in his famous House Divided war was fought bitterly for four years. It tore the nation apart, often dividing friends and families as well as cultivate the land themselves. However, many older slaves and those who had not been treated badly by their themselves. Nearly 200 000 African Americans, most of them former slaves, joined the northern army when armies and leaders. In 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in the they were allowed to, after 1863. In some cases, ex-slaves rented parts of former plantations and began to 3. Circle the metalanguage words : divided, equality, Proclamation, presidential, secession ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Proclamation in 1863 depended to some degree on their circumstances and age. Some left their masters Write down the heading. ______________________________________________ shanty camps developed on the edges of southern towns and cities. A few damaged property and looted A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, 5. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. 7. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. often because they did not know where to go or how to fend for themselves.. Year 9 Hist- Movement of Peoples 12 : Impact of Slavery 5. Highlight 5 nouns. Highlight 5 verbs. Highlight 5 adjectives 10. What is the main point of each paragraph? States, old as well as new North as well as South plantation mansions before they left. 2. Number the paragraphs. 6. Highlight 3 adverbs The freed slaves also freed. Civil War speech 4. . ii. v. i.
