Heat, Temperature, and States of Matter
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Section 1 – Temperature and Thermal Energy
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What is
Kinetic Energy
?
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Do you know of a material/object that heats up really
quickly
?
Slowly
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What do you think is the difference between
heat
and
temperature
?
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The
Kinetic Theory of Matter
states that matter is composed
of particles that are constantly in random motion, moving at
different speeds in all directions.
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They have kinetic energy!
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They can collide
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They can transfer their energy from one particle to another
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The
temperature
of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic
energy of its particles.
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Energy Increases
Temperature Increases
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Energy Decreases
Temperature
Decreases
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The International Unit (SI unit) for temperature is the
Kelvin
(K)
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More common units are
Celsius
(C) and
Fahrenheit
(F)
In order to convert from one temperature scale to another, you will use the following
formulas:
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Fahrenheit
Celsius
5/9 (F-32)
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Celsius
Fahrenheit
(C x 9/5) + 32
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Celsius
Kelvin
C + 273
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Kelvin
Celsius
K - 273
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What is 40 F in degrees Celsius?
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What is a temperature of 22 C in degrees Fahrenheit?
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Thermal Energy
is the total energy of the particles of a substance
(potential + kinetic energies).
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Specific Heat -
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature
of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius; measured using a
Calorimeter
.
High SH
= lots of energy required
= cools/heats slowly
Ex.
Low SH
= little energy required
= cools/heats quickly
Ex.
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Change in Thermal Energy
= Mass x (Change in Temperature) x Specific Heat
Change in Temp. = Final Temp. - Initial Temp.
Units = Joules
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Find the change in thermal energy of a 20 kg wooden chair that
warms from 15C to 25C if the specific heat of wood is 1,700 J/(KgC).
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Thermal energy
depends on heat.
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Heat
is the thermal energy that is transferred from something with a
higher temperature to something with a lower temperature.
EX.
Hot chocolate - cup warms your hands as TE is transferred from the hot
chocolate to your cooler hands.
The hot chocolate cools because it is giving its TE to your cool hands.
Why is this a bad idea??
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Exploring the concepts of heat and temperature in relation to the kinetic theory of matter, this content delves into the difference between heat and temperature, the kinetic energy of particles, temperature scales, thermal energy, and specific heat. It also provides formulas for temperature conversions and explains how to determine the change in thermal energy.
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Presentation Transcript
Chapter 9 Chapter 9 Heat and States of Matter Heat and States of Matter Section 1 Temperature and Thermal Energy 1
Lets Review and Connect Let s Review and Connect What is Kinetic Energy? Do you know of a material/object that heats up really quickly? Slowly What do you think is the difference between heat and temperature? 2
Kinetic Theory of Matter Kinetic Theory of Matter The Kinetic Theory of Matter states that matter is composed of particles that are constantly in random motion, moving at different speeds in all directions. They have kinetic energy! They can collide They can transfer their energy from one particle to another 3
Temperature Temperature The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles. Energy Increases Energy Decreases Temperature Increases Temperature Decreases 4
Temperature Scales Temperature Scales The International Unit (SI unit) for temperature is the Kelvin (K) More common units are Celsius (C) and Fahrenheit (F) In order to convert from one temperature scale to another, you will use the following formulas: Fahrenheit Celsius 5/9 (F-32) Celsius Fahrenheit (C x 9/5) + 32 Celsius Kelvin C + 273 Kelvin Celsius K - 273 5
Try it out! Try it out! What is 40 F in degrees Celsius? What is a temperature of 22 C in degrees Fahrenheit? 6
Thermal Energy Thermal Energy Thermal Energy is the total energy of the particles of a substance (potential + kinetic energies). Specific Heat - the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius; measured using a Calorimeter. High SH = lots of energy required = cools/heats slowly Ex. Low SH = little energy required = cools/heats quickly Ex. 7
Determining the Change in Thermal Energy Determining the Change in Thermal Energy Change in Thermal Energy = Mass x (Change in Temperature) x Specific Heat Change in Temp. = Final Temp. - Initial Temp. Units = Joules 8
Try it Out! Try it Out! Find the change in thermal energy of a 20 kg wooden chair that warms from 15C to 25C if the specific heat of wood is 1,700 J/(KgC). 9
Heat Heat Thermal energy depends on heat. Heat is the thermal energy that is transferred from something with a higher temperature to something with a lower temperature. EX. Hot chocolate - cup warms your hands as TE is transferred from the hot chocolate to your cooler hands. The hot chocolate cools because it is giving its TE to your cool hands. Why is this a bad idea?? 10
