Fundamentals of Multirate DSP Systems
Explore the fundamental concepts of multirate digital signal processing (DSP) systems, including single-rate and multirate systems, sampling rates in various applications, basic sampling rate alteration devices, up-sampling and down-sampling in the time domain, and building blocks of multirate systems.
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Presentation Transcript
Multirate Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals 1
Introduction Single-rate systems: Sampling rates at the input and at the output and all internal nodes are the same Multirate systems: DSP systems with unequal sampling rates at various parts of the system 2
Applications There are many applications where the signal of at a given sampling rate needs to be converted into another signal with a different sampling rate. Sampling rates in some applications: Digital audio applications 32 kHz in broadcasting, 44,1 kHz in digital CD, 48 kHz in digital audio tape (DAT) Composite video signals NTSC: 14,3181818 MHz PAL: 17,734475 MHz Digital component video Luminance 13,5 MHz Color difference 6,75 MHz 3
Multirate DSP Systems Basic Sampling Rate Alteration Devices Up-sampler Used to increase the sampling rate by an integer factor Down-sampler Used to decrease the sampling rate by an integer factor 4
Building Blocks of Multirate Systems Down-sampler 11
Frequency-Domain Characterization of Down Sampling 16
Cascade Equivalences Complex multirate systems consist of the basic sampling rate alteration devices and LTI digital filters In many applications, these devices appear in cascade connection Computationally efficient structures are often obtained by interchanging the order of cascaded blocks Specific cascade connections and their equivalences are investigated Basic sampling rate alteration devices can be used for integer factors only 24
Filters in Multirate Systems The sampling rate of a critically sampled discretetime system cannot be reduced without aliasing Before down-sampling the bandwidth of critically sampled signal must be reduced by lowpass filtering Similarly, the zero-valued samples introduced by an up-sampler must be interpolated to more appropriate values for an effective sampling rate increase Interpolation can be achieved by lowpass filtering 30
