FORENSIC BALLISTICS
This comprehensive guide covers the definitions of firearms according to legal and technical perspectives, including Republic Act 10591's definition of firearms. It also delves into the classification of firearms based on barrel construction, such as Smooth-Bore Firearms. Explore the world of forensics, ballistics, and the intricate workings of these handheld weapons.
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FORENSIC FORENSIC BALLISTICS BALLISTICS
DEFINITION OF FIREARM DEFINITION OF FIREARM LEGAL DEFINITION LEGAL DEFINITION - - Sec. 877 of Revised Administrative Code, Sec. 290 of Sec. 877 of Revised Administrative Code, Sec. 290 of Nat l Internal Revenue Code and Republic Act No. Nat l Internal Revenue Code and Republic Act No. 8294 as follows: 8294 as follows: FIREARMS OR ARMS as herein used, includes rifles, FIREARMS OR ARMS as herein used, includes rifles, muskets, carbines, shotgun, pistols, revolvers, and all muskets, carbines, shotgun, pistols, revolvers, and all other deadly weapons from which the bullets, balls, other deadly weapons from which the bullets, balls, shots, shells, or other missiles maybe discharged, by shots, shells, or other missiles maybe discharged, by means of gun powder or other explosives. This term means of gun powder or other explosives. This term also include air rifles and air pistols not classified as also include air rifles and air pistols not classified as toys under the provision of Executive Order No. 712. toys under the provision of Executive Order No. 712. The The barrel of any firearm shall be considered a barrel of any firearm shall be considered a complete firearm complete firearm for all purposes hereof. for all purposes hereof.
- -Republic Act 10591 defines firearms as: Republic Act 10591 defines firearms as: FIREARM refers to any handheld or FIREARM refers to any handheld or portable weapon, whether a small arm or portable weapon, whether a small arm or light weapon, that expels or is designed to light weapon, that expels or is designed to expel a bullet, shot, slug, missile or any expel a bullet, shot, slug, missile or any projectile, which is discharged by means projectile, which is discharged by means of expansive force of gases from burning of expansive force of gases from burning gunpowder or other form of combustion or gunpowder or other form of combustion or any similar instrument or implement. For any similar instrument or implement. For purposes of this Act, the purposes of this Act, the barrel, frame or receiver is considered a firearm. receiver is considered a firearm. barrel, frame or
TECHNICAL DEFINITION TECHNICAL DEFINITION - - a firearm is an instrument used for a firearm is an instrument used for the propulsion of projectiles by the propulsion of projectiles by means of the expansive forces of means of the expansive forces of gases coming from burning gases coming from burning gunpowder. gunpowder.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIREARMS CLASSIFICATION OF FIREARMS ACCORDING TO BARREL ACCORDING TO BARREL CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION Smooth- -Bore Firearms= firearms that Bore Firearms= firearms that have no rifling inside the gun barrel. have no rifling inside the gun barrel. Ex. Shotgun and musket Ex. Shotgun and musket Rifled Rifled- -Bore Firearms= firearms that Bore Firearms= firearms that have rifling inside the gun barrel. Ex. have rifling inside the gun barrel. Ex. Pistols and revolvers Pistols and revolvers Smooth
ACCORDING TO CALIBER OF ACCORDING TO CALIBER OF THE PROJECTILE THE PROJECTILE Artillery (Missile)= type of firearms Artillery (Missile)= type of firearms that propels projectile with more that propels projectile with more than one inch diameter. than one inch diameter. Examples: Cannons, Mortars and Examples: Cannons, Mortars and Bazookas Bazookas Small Arms= firearms that propels Small Arms= firearms that propels projectile with less than one inch projectile with less than one inch diameter. diameter. Examples: Pistol and Revolver Examples: Pistol and Revolver
ACCORDING TO CALIBER OF THE ACCORDING TO CALIBER OF THE PROJECTILE PROJECTILE Artillery (Missile)= type of firearms that Artillery (Missile)= type of firearms that propels projectile with more than one propels projectile with more than one inch diameter. inch diameter. Examples: Cannons, Mortars and Examples: Cannons, Mortars and Bazookas Bazookas Small Arms= firearms that propels Small Arms= firearms that propels projectile with less than one inch projectile with less than one inch diameter. diameter. Examples: Pistol and Revolver Examples: Pistol and Revolver
ACCORDING TO MECHANICAL ACCORDING TO MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION Single Shot Firearms= designed to fire Single Shot Firearms= designed to fire only one shot every loading. Ex. only one shot every loading. Ex. Pistol, Revolver, Shotgun Pistol, Revolver, Shotgun Repeating Arms= designed to fire Repeating Arms= designed to fire several loads or shot in one loading. several loads or shot in one loading. Ex. Automatic Pistol, Rifle, Machine Ex. Automatic Pistol, Rifle, Machine Gun. Gun.
Automatic Firearm= constitute a Automatic Firearm= constitute a continuous firing in a single press of a continuous firing in a single press of a trigger. trigger. Slide Action Type= loading take place by Slide Action Type= loading take place by back and forth manipulation either back and forth manipulation either under or over the gun. One shot per under or over the gun. One shot per loading. loading. Bolt Action Type= one loading and Bolt Action Type= one loading and several shots. several shots. Lever Type/Break Type Lever Type/Break Type
HANDGUNS HANDGUNS= types of firearm designed to be fired using one hand only. Pistol= derived from the Italian word Pistol= derived from the Italian word Pistoia Pistoia which means which means city. Revolver= designed to position the Revolver= designed to position the cartridge for firing by the action of cartridge for firing by the action of the rotating cylinder that serves as a the rotating cylinder that serves as a chamber. chamber. city.
Single Action Single Action= a revolver wherein the hammer should be manually cocked before squeezing the trigger. Double Action= a revolver that does Double Action= a revolver that does not need manual cocking. The not need manual cocking. The hammer will automatically cock after hammer will automatically cock after pressing the trigger. pressing the trigger.
SHOTGUN smooth bore shoulder arms smooth bore shoulder arms designed to fire a number of designed to fire a number of lead pellets or shots. lead pellets or shots.
It is classified depends on its barrel It is classified depends on its barrel construction. construction. Cylinder Bore Type Cylinder Bore Type= the bore diameter is the same throughout the barrel. Choke Bore Type Choke Bore Type= the bore has a diminishing diameter (choke) towards the muzzle of the shotgun. It is designed for more accurate shots. Paradox Gun Paradox Gun= it has a rifling a few inch from its muzzle point. It is usually found on a Buck shot guns.
Categories of shotguns according to its Categories of shotguns according to its mechanism: mechanism: Single Single- -Barreled Shotgun Barreled Shotgun- - it has one barrel and capable of holding one cartridge only at a time. Double Barreled Shotgun Double Barreled Shotgun- - two barrels that is either position side by side or over and under. Pump Action Shotgun Pump Action Shotgun- - most common type of shotgun. It functions by putting shot shells into the magazine tube and manually pulling the pump handle after each succeeding shots.
Semi Semi- -automatic Shotgun automatic Shotgun- - capable of automatically feeding the chamber with a automatically feeding the chamber with a new cartridge after the first shot has new cartridge after the first shot has been fired. been fired. Bolt Action Type Bolt Action Type- - use for hunting and use for hunting and sporting. sporting. capable of
MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF GUN MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF GUN Cane Guns Cane Guns- - it is termed as a Walking Stick It is a walking cane that has a hidden gun built in it. Freakish Guns Freakish Guns- - it is a gun in which it cannot be identified as a real gun or is designed in a different manner to avoid easy identification. Flare Gun Flare Gun- - used to trace or send signal.
Tool Gun Tool Gun- - it has a resemblance of a gun but is intended to be used in carpentry and construction of furniture. Zip Gun Zip Gun- - a home-made gun that is usually used in street crimes or gang wars. Locally known as Paltik Harpoon Gun Harpoon Gun- - a barbed spear in huntin large fish. Gas Gun Gas Gun- - referring to all gun designed for firing tear gas.
Trap Gun Trap Gun- - a gun used to trap animals. a gun used to trap animals.
