Fluoride Supplements for Dental Health
بسم الله الرحمن
الرحيم
صدق الله العلي العظيم
Fluoride supplements
Dr. Rihab Abdul Hussein Ali
B.D.S , M.Sc. , PhD.
Fluoride supplements were originally designed to
provide the
systemic fluoride
that a child would
not
consume living in a
non-fluoridated
area.
Fluoride supplements should only be prescribed
by
dentists
where there is clear evidence for
high
risk
of caries and
non-compliance
with using
other fluoridated products. Also for
disabled
children
and those with
chronic diseases
.
Tablets, drops and/or lozenges:
This is effective
method in reducing or
prevention of dental
caries
.
•
Fluoride tablets were introduced in the late
1940s to try to
mimic
the ‘
systemic
’ fluoride
delivery from
water
fluoridation, and most used
sodium fluoride
. Fluoride tablets became the
method of choice for fluoride supplementation, it
can be
chewed and swallowed
. The American
Dental Association (
ADA
) Recommended
Fluoride Supplementation Schedule as follow:
•
Studies recommended the prescription of F
tablets at
3 years
of age by giving
0.5
mg/day till
13-15
years.
•
It is better to be given daily
once or twice
a day.
•
Studies reported that tablets taken during
first 7
years
of life provide caries reduction of
39% to
80%.
•
NaF 2.2 mg=1mgF, 1.1 mg=0.5mgF
.
•
Tablets should
not be given with milk
.
•
More caries reduction in child’s primary teeth
when
pregnant
women (
0.4 ppm
F in maternal
blood) and breast feeding taken
1mg
F daily.
Fluoridated drops
are available in:
•
- 0.125mg
•
- 0.25mg
•
- 0.5mg
•
- 10 drops=1mg/L=1ppm.
Fluoridated salt
•
The idea of adding fluoride to
table salt
originated in Switzerland following the success of
adding iodine
to help prevent
goiter
in 1955.
•
Salt is usually fluoridated at
250 ppm
(which is
250 mg F/kg
salt, or
0.25mg/gm
salt).
Fluoridated salt in form of
KF
and
NaF
. Table
salt in the kitchen can contribute
1 to 4g
of the
daily salt intake. Thus, a person could potentially
ingest
1 mg
of fluoride a day at a salt intake of
4
grams
a day.
•
Some
restrictions
remain in effect in Europe,
however, in that fluoridated salt
cannot
be added to
commercial
products or to food at
restaurants
. In
a theoretical basis, fluoridated salt should provide
some protection against caries because it increases
salivary fluoride
levels when the meals prepared
with fluoridated salt are ingested.
•
Consumption of fluoridated salt is
lowered
during
early life when the need for fluoride is the
maximum
. Salt fluoridation needs community
education and promotion
.
Limitations
•
Children, adults and elderly with hypertension.
Advantages
•
- Low cost.
•
- Effective in caries reduction for primary and
permanent teeth.
Fluoridated milk
•
It is the
addition
of a measured quantity of
fluoride to
bottled milk
or
packaged
milk to be
drunk by
child
. The bioavailability of F in milk
is in
similarity
to water. Human and bovine
milk contain
very low
concentration of fluoride
0.03 ppm. However, it appears that the majority
of fluoride is
available
in milk up to a
concentration of about
5 ppm
. F milk can be
used in
home and school
programs with caries
reduction of
70%
.
Disadvantages:
•
1. High
cost
•
2. Some people
dislike
milk.
Fluoride fruit
juices
are an alternative method of fluoride delivery that
may be appropriate for
warm
climates.
A high concentration of fluoride is needed for
two
reasons:
(1)
The children did
not drink
the beverage
throughout the day and
(2)
Calcium
in the milk
complexes
with fluoride,
which would
reduce
its availability for topical
benefits.
Fluoride supplements are recommended for individuals living in non-fluoridated areas or at high risk for cavities. They come in various forms like tablets, drops, or lozenges, providing systemic fluoride to prevent tooth decay. Dosages vary by age and fluoride levels in drinking water, with studies showing significant caries reduction when taken properly. Different methods, such as fluoride tablets and drops, are available for supplementation. Additionally, fluoridated salt is another option to enhance dental health through daily consumption. It is essential to follow dental professionals' recommendations for the effective use of fluoride supplements.
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Fluoride supplements Dr. Rihab Abdul Hussein Ali B.D.S , M.Sc. , PhD.
Fluoride supplements were originally designed to provide the systemic fluoride that a child would not consume living in a non-fluoridated area. Fluoride supplements should only be prescribed by dentists where there is clear evidence for high risk of caries and non-compliance with using other fluoridated products. Also for disabled children and those with chronic diseases. Tablets, drops and/or lozenges: This is effective method in reducing or prevention of dental caries.
Fluoride tablets were introduced in the late 1940s to try to mimic the systemic fluoride delivery from water fluoridation, and most used sodium fluoride. Fluoride tablets became the method of choice for fluoride supplementation, it can be chewed and swallowed. The American Dental Association (ADA) Recommended Fluoride Supplementation Schedule as follow:
Fluoride supplement dosage according to fluoride in the drinking water (parts per million) Age <0.3 0.3 0.6 >0.6 Birth to 6 months None None None None None 6 months to 3 years 0.25 mg/day None 3 to 6 years 0.5 mg/day 0.25 mg/day None 6 to 16 years 1.0 mg/day 0.5 mg/day
Studies recommended the prescription of F tablets at 3 years of age by giving 0.5 mg/day till 13-15 years. It is better to be given daily once or twice a day. Studies reported that tablets taken during first 7 years of life provide caries reduction of 39% to 80%. NaF 2.2 mg=1mgF, 1.1 mg=0.5mgF. Tablets should not be given with milk. More caries reduction in child s primary teeth when pregnant women (0.4 ppm F in maternal blood) and breast feeding taken 1mg F daily.
Fluoridated drops are available in: - 0.125mg - 0.25mg - 0.5mg - 10 drops=1mg/L=1ppm.
Fluoridated salt The idea of adding fluoride to table salt originated in Switzerland following the success of adding iodine to help prevent goiter in 1955. Salt is usually fluoridated at 250 ppm (which is 250 mg F/kg salt, or 0.25mg/gm salt). Fluoridated salt in form of KF and NaF. Table salt in the kitchen can contribute 1 to 4g of the daily salt intake. Thus, a person could potentially ingest 1 mg of fluoride a day at a salt intake of 4 grams a day.
Some restrictions remain in effect in Europe, however, in that fluoridated salt cannot be added to commercial products or to food at restaurants. In a theoretical basis, fluoridated salt should provide some protection against caries because it increases salivary fluoride levels when the meals prepared with fluoridated salt are ingested. Consumption of fluoridated salt is lowered during early life when the need for fluoride is the maximum. Salt fluoridation needs community education and promotion.
Limitations Children, adults and elderly with hypertension. Advantages - Low cost. - Effective in caries reduction for primary and permanent teeth.
Fluoridated milk It is the addition of a measured quantity of fluoride to bottled milk or packaged milk to be drunk by child. The bioavailability of F in milk is in similarity to water. Human and bovine milk contain very low concentration of fluoride 0.03 ppm. However, it appears that the majority of fluoride is available in milk up to a concentration of about 5 ppm. F milk can be used in home and school programs with caries reduction of 70%.
Disadvantages: 1. High cost 2. Some people dislike milk. Fluoride fruit juices are an alternative method of fluoride delivery that may be appropriate for warm climates. A high concentration of fluoride is needed for two reasons: (1)The children did not drink the beverage throughout the day and (2)Calcium in the milk complexes with fluoride, which would reduce its availability for topical benefits.
