Family and Parental Leave Insights: U.S. and Global Perspectives
Understanding family and parental leave policies is crucial for creating a supportive work environment. This content highlights the availability of paid maternity leave in various countries, the financial implications of unpaid leave for women, and challenges faced by individuals in requesting parental leave. Additionally, it explores why women are leaving the workforce and presents survey results on parental leave awareness and experiences at the University of Central Florida.
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Family and Parental Leave Yovanna Pineda History Department December 17, 2014
Family Leave in the U.S. As of 2011, 178 countries guarantee paid maternity leave under national law. Only three countries offer absolutely no legal guarantee of paid maternity leave: Papua New Guinea, Swaziland, and the United States. Emotional and physical costs to the family In a 2010 survey of registered voters, 76 % endorsed laws providing leave for family care and childbirth, 69 % endorsed paid sick day laws, and 82 % stronger laws against discrimination and unfair treatment at work.
Family Leave in the U.S. As of 2011, 178 countries guarantee paid maternity leave under national law. Only three countries offer absolutely no legal guarantee of paid maternity leave: Papua New Guinea, Swaziland, and the United States. Emotional and physical costs to the family. In a 2010 survey of registered U.S. voters, 76 % endorsed laws providing leave for family care and childbirth, 69 % endorsed paid sick day laws, and 82 % stronger laws against discrimination and unfair treatment at work.
Family Leave For most women, unpaid leave is not an option. As of 2009, 39 percent of mothers were primary breadwinners, 63 percent co- breadwinners who contributed at least a quarter of family earnings.
Women Leaving the Workforce NYTimes: Why U.S. Women are Leaving Jobs Behind (12/12/14).
University of Central Florida: Survey on Parental Leave Represented Colleges: CAH; COS; Engineering and CS; COPHA; Library; College of Education (All families included) Number of respondents: 15 (Male= 3 ; Female= 12) Number of pregnancies: 16 UCF- Center for Faculty Women Office Talk of previous parents UCF- google search Not Yet or N/A UFF- UCF/CBA Questions Yes No UCF-HR Spouse TOTAL 5 (Not initially) Did you know about UCF parental policies when you got pregnant?1 11 16 How did you find out about them? (Where is the first place you searched?) 1 5 2 5 1 1 15 Did you request parental leave?1 9 3 4 16 Did you have any challenging experiences in requesting parental leave?1 8 4 4 15 1. Accounts for multiple pregnancies.
15 Respondents TOTAL What respondents would like to see as family- friendly policies at UCF DUTIES & MONETARY 6-8 week paid leave No teaching sem Tenure Clock Stoppage Transparent MID policy Telecommuting option Reduction in research/service obl. 13 13 7 4 2 1 1 semester full pay; or 2 semesters 1/2 pay 1 CHILDCARE Subsidized childcare 5 Childcare grant if Creative School was full 5 Benefit of college tuition for dependents Conference Child care grant Drop-in Daycare 4 3 1 NO COST ITEMS Offer HR workshops several times per year 2 Family Friendly Bathrooms 3 Changing tables in UCF bathrooms Disable parking for expectant mothers during first trimester (exhaustion, vomitting) 3 Note: The answers depended on (1) how well informed the person was and how much they had read about the topic; (2) if they had arrived from another school; (3) if they are active on the job market and seeing what other schools offer as a recruitment package; (4) worked for the Union; (5) personal situation and experience. 3 Attidude shift by the Administration (i.e., say congratulations) 3 Family-Friendly, available to all families/individuals(Diverse and Inclusive) Be Diverse and Inclusive (recognize non traditional couples in all policy) Dual career policy Adoption aid/Adoption coverage Providing for ill spouse/parent Removepregnancy penalty 1 2 2 1 2
Parental/Family-Friendly Policies Modified Instructional Duties (i.e., No Teaching Semester) Paid Parental Leave (6-8 weeks) Childcare Facilities for faculty Paid Leave for Family Emergencies Employment Assistance for spouses Nursing time and facilities on campus State University Telecommuti ng option Tenure Clock Extension Family Life Website UT Austin X X Automatic X spaces 374 X X X Paid Univ. of Michigan Upon request4 Child subsidized-at- home sick child services Dual career program X X Centers Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 2 weeks paid X Upon request X X (State law) University of Oregon X X X Upon request X University of California X X Upon request X X University of South Florida X X Automatic
Modified Instructional Duties (i.e., No Teaching Semester) Paid Parental Leave (6-8 weeks) Childcare Facilities for faculty Paid Leave for Family Emergencies Employment Assistance for spouses Nursing time and facilities on campus State University Telecommuti ng option Tenure Clock Extension Family Life Website X (Adjuncts are expected to replace parent s courses.) Florida Atlantic University X Upon request X (no teaching semester) List of approved child centers University of Wyoming Automatic X Re-assignment of alternative duties University of Arizona Upon request University of Florida Upon request X Ad hoc (depends on dept chair; college dean)** Few spaces at Creative School; students receive priority University of Central Florida* Five Nursing Centers Facebook site for parents. Upon request *SGA at UCF has passed a series of progressive pro-family policies: (1) paid six-week parental leave for graduate students; (2) subsidized childcare grant; (3) $1,000 scholarship for single parents. **The Center for Success of Faculty Women has played a significant role in helping women ask for leave.
TOTAL MALE FACULTY 969 672 TOTAL FEMALE FACULTY Total faculty % OF MALE AND FEMALE FACULTY Gender Inequities at UCF 1,641 59.0 41.0 300 250 200 150 Male Female 100 50 0 Associate Program Director Assistant Professor Professor Faculty Administrator Librarian Instructional Specialists Scholar/Scientist Research Associate School of Medicine Lecturer Instructor
Representative Female and Male Faculty by Rank Colleges of Science, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, and College of Arts and Humanities (Percent) 120.0 No=760 COS & Eng Male= 344 Female=128 CAH Male=152 Female=136 100.0 80.0 60.0 COS&ENG-Female % COS&ENG-Male % CAH-Female % 40.0 CAH-Male % 20.0 0.0
Gender Inequities Authors Mary Ann Mason, Nicholas H. Wolfinger and Marc Goulden, Do Babies Matter? Gender and Family in the Ivory Tower (2013) found that women chose instructorships or adjunct work to take time- outs from work when family-friendly leave policies were not established at an institution. Source: Do Babies Matter?
Age Group Categories: College of Sciences College of Engineering and Computer Science College of Arts and Humanities No.=770 Age Group Number of Faculty 21-30 30 31-40 169 41-50 212 51-60 209 61+ 150 Current distribution of age groups, fall 2014
Why have a Family Leave Policy?: Retention and Productivity Growth Improve life of families at UCF. Family Benefits Funding package: State schools consider it part of faculty retention and productivity program. Nationally, one study found that 94 percent of leave takers who received full pay during family leave returned to the same employer, compared to 76 percent of employees who took unpaid leave. In a study on productivity growth in 19 OECD countries from 1979-2003 found that PPL had a significantly greater positive effect on productivity than unpaid leave. Instituting 15 weeks of paid maternity leave would increase multifactor productivity by 1.1%.
